Compute_Gazette_Issue_14_1984_Aug by Zetmoon

Survey Of Printers For The VIC And 64

COMPUTE'S

$2.95

August 1984 © Issue 14 Vol. 2, No. 8

02220

C1.95UK $3.25 Canada

For Owners And Users Of Commodore VIC-20 And 64" Personal Computers

Ball Blitz

• It

w f w

■'

An armed anti-tank hot air balloon? That's what you operate in this multilevel action-strategy game for the VIC and 64.

Campaign Manager

■

the 64.

Manage your candidate's presidential campaign with advertising, polls, and personal appearances in this colorful, all machine language election simulation for

Also In This Issue: 1

Home Telecommunicatioi Uploading Computing For Familie I

Choosing the right interface can make all

:■<

7U86 0ZZ20

Selecting A Printer Interface

Sprite Magic

the difference to your

Animate your 64 with this

at what's available.

language sprite editor.

printer. An in-depth look

feature-packed all machine

Thanks To CompuServes CB Simulator,

"Digital Fox"Accessed"Data Hari"And Proceeded To An "Altared" State. The CB Simulator, where

CompuServe Subscribers can

That1)! fool tile "lurkers; those CB "see it alls" who get their kicks by watching. Or you can always use

who speaks your language. Friends from all over the US. and Canada are at it 24 hours a day. Talking tech or just having fun. And if youVe got a

Professional Forums and Electronic Mail, Plus, there's a world of on-line information and entertainment all

You can access CompuServe with almost any computer and Access Friends and Influence modem, termtnal or communicating People on 72 Different the private talk mode for guaranteed word processor. Channels. one-to-one conversation. To receive your illustrated The CB Simulator is just one guide to the CompuServe Information Just pick your handle and get of CompuServe's many electronic Service and learn how to subscribe, on line. From math to matrimony, communications options that call or contact: there's always someone out there inciude a National Bulletin Board,

secret, just use the CB Scrcimbler.

for the price of a local phone call plus connect time.

CompuServe Consume; Inroii

EO00 ftftngion

Corvee P.O Box 2021? Hivo .Columbus oh43220

8OO-848-8199 An HAM Ejlock Company

W The' $t>mple$Â§ inf/rmdtiqi'i cotob i i ^ system fofthe Commddore ÂŤ The Wor/d Famous Commodore 64.

No matter what your business or interest, with Superbase64 you have a totally flexible 'record'system, as big as you

want it, as fast as you need it.

Create your own formats, enter your records, cnange layouts and datatields Superbase gives you unrivalled control in home or office, business or /

professional practice, with / a range of features

iq:

Precision Software (USA) Inc.,

Suite 1100

Precision

820. Second Avenue,

New York, N.Y 10017

Software Tel: (212)490 1825

commodore

/ ^ ■

■TDMnA-

,-.•■--"-.".

■■■■

'■

AAWWII 1/

The legend of Bruce I,ee lives on in the imagination and memory of millions of fans throughout tlie world. And now, through the awesome power of the computer, you too can relive the power of Bruce Lee, Bruce Lee'" combines state-of-the-art technology with the masterful moves of tlie martial arts. From devastating^ lethal kicks and staccato thrusts to the unrestrained fury of every reflex, the Bruce Lee game explodes with action. All tlie force and controlled discipline of Bruce Lee is at your command. You'll see it in his smooth and graceful leaps. You'll feel it in your heart as you prepare to do battle with his ominous adversaries. Take on the Green Yamo and Ninja in hand to hand combat as you fight your way tlirougli 20 mysterious oriental settings. Unexpected dangers loom as you make your way past exploding bushes and the fire wizard in your quest for the ultimate treasure. Bruce I^ee. It not only lives up to the expectations of the best programmers and players around. It lets you live out the life of a legend. Even in your spare time.

Available now for Atari and Commodore 64 Computers, coming soon for tlie Apple II series and IBM PC and PC/JR. Contact your local dealer or send check or money order with $3-00 postage and handling. California residents add 6.5% sales tax to Datasoft. Suggested retail $34.95. JJatasoft* Ka rtKiitnfll trademark of Dausjfl, tnc* TM iteipnatB j tradtnuik of Linda Lit O WSS RfUtt Ut All n^JiB remrd Lranvd bi 2r> Inlmutxral. InC

DUmh, Inc. 1930B NortlholT Place, Chiilsworth, CA 91311

THE C-W

Tutorial Series for the Commodore 64

■COMMODOBi: 81" IS A TRADEMARK OP COMMODORE ELECTRONICS, LTD,

L'ifn

( urii iv t

'i(i) ivji-lIii

August 1984

An Introduction To Plotters

Robert Sims

A Survey 01 Printers For The VIC-20 And Commodore 64 Selecting A Printer Interface

Campaign Manager

J. Blake Lambert

Todd Heimarck

Sprite Magic: An All-Machine-Language Sprite Editor

Kathy Yakal

Charles Brannon

Bobn

David Florance

Computing For Families: What Makes Good Software?

Hints & Tips: 64 LIST Lockup

24 34

46 70

V/64 V 64

100

Alan King

Error Trapping

113

Daniel Weiner

Alejandro A. Kapauan

Using The GET Statement Alfred J. Bruey

Robert Lock Editors & Readers

Simple Answers To Common Questions

User Group Update Kathy Yakal Home Telecommunications: Uploading

VICreations: Enhancing Your VIC With The Super Expander

11° 116

V/64 V/64 V/64

V/64 V/M

V/64

6 10

Tom R. Hallhill

Robert Sims

Fred D'lgnazio

84 104 108

The Editor's Notes Gazette Feedback

94 96 98

The Beginner's Corner Using A Printer C. Regena Machine Language For Beginners: ML Mailbag Richard Mansfield Power BASIC: String Search Glen Colbert

Disk Purge

The Commodore 1520 Printer/Plotter Robert Sims VIC Auto Clock Harvey B. Herman Bus Card II: The Magic Box Ian A. Wright

Music Writer III For The VIC-20

Vol. 2, No. 8

14 Dan Carmichael

" 80

106

V/64 V

120

Bug-Swatter: Modifications And Corrections A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs

102 1«

V/64

The Automatic Proofreader

131

V/64

Horizons 64

Charles Brannon

News & Products

126

How To Type In COMPUTEl's GAZETTE Programs

MLX: Machine Language Entry Program

Program Listings

Product Mart

Advertisers Index

130

132

133

V/64

]**

160

•=General, V=VIC-20, 64= Commodore 54. COMPUTtlS GAZETTE is published monthly by COMPUTI1 PubtlCBtlmu, InC, Po»l Office Box 5406. Greensboro, NC 2740.1 USA. PhOns (■) 19)275-9809 Editorial □ fficcs ,in- located .it .12-1 W«l Wendovcr Avenue, Greensboro. NC 2741W. DomelUc subscriptions. 12 i*>ues, 52U. Send subscription md«a ur chan&e of iuMrCMi

(P.O. Furni 3574) 10 Circul.ilion Dcpt., COMI'UTErs GAZETTE, P.O. Box Wl, Pwnlngdile, NV 11737, Second daw ippllcaBon pwdbig .it CrwnsboiO, NCJ.^^ 2710,1 .ind ,11!illluiii.il mnilinfi offices. Enlirc ccnii'nls wpyriRhl 0 1W by COMPimi PnbliBBllOTa, Inc. All rights rwetved. ISSN [17.17-371ft. SXK

COMPimi I'uhlkjlUint. Int., One ol Ihe AilC FiiMbhlni) Ccimpinln: ABC Publlttllug, Pltildent, Hiil.erl G. Elurtim; 13311 Awihil- ill Hit- Ami-rifJs. Ni'w Vufk, Ni'w Vnrk ItXil1'.

THE EDITOR'S

The Summer Consumer Elec tronics Show in Chicago is the

first major trade show since Commodore underwent major changes in management. As

you'll recall, these changes were triggered by the departure in late February of Commodore founder and visionary, Jack Tramiel. He was replaced by Marshall Smith, a manager with extensive financial and manu facturing experience, but a com puter industry novice. Commodore, known for its

aggressive leadership in the home computer market, this March began to experience a

steady loss of its battle-seasoned middle managers. Rumors from within Com modore revealed a growing con

flict between recently hired (and probably more traditional) man agers versus the younger, but

Commodore-seasoned, veterans of the company's past battles. These veterans were accustomed to reacting quickly to market changes and demands.

Although the real impact, if any, of this potential change in corporate personality won't be visible to the public for many

months, we were anxious to see what Commodore did at the June CES show.

Things seem to be moving ahead slowly and wisely. As ex pected the VIC-20 was signifi cantly de-emphasized. In fact, one highly placed Commodore official said that the company

COMPUTED Gazor/o

Angus! 198-1

had stopped manufacturing the VIC this spring and any VICs now being sold are surplus in

ventory. That surplus is ex pected to be gone by August. When the last VIC is sold, it will conclude a remarkable chapter in personal computing: approximately 2]h million VICs were sold worldwide, IV: mil lion in the U.S. alone. The Commodore 64 con tinues to dominate the com pany's product line. A new computer family, lead by the Commodore 264 that was an nounced at the Winter CES last January, was reintroduced this June, but there were changes. Fortunately, these changes seem

16K of RAM memory, but is ex pandable to 64K. Both the 16 and the +/4 models are housed in a charcoal gray case which is otherwise

quite similar to the familiar VIC and 64 keyboards. Neither of the new machines will include sprites or SID chips. And al though the new computers are expected to go on sale this fall, prices have not yet been established. All in all, Commodore seems to be charting a mea sured, thoughtful (though some would argue overcautious) course through the choppy seas of the personal computer mar ketplace. Time will tell.

to reflect a responsiveness to dealer feedback from the winter introduction. The first 264s were to have included four versions

of built-in, optional applications programsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a spreadsheet, a word processor, a graphics package, and a data base manager.

Dealers evidently objected to having to stock these various ROM chips and Commodore has now decided to include the four applications programs as part of the standard machine. Renamed the Commodore +/4, there will now be only one ver sion of the computer which should simplify things for both

dealers and consumers. Another member of this

new family of machines, the Commodore 16, comes with

Editor In Chief

PlayitiRlime: 20lo 45minutes:Intermediatecomptc*Uy level

64K Disk Tor Cammadore G4-. 540

4SK Disk far Apple ' II. II + S lie. S40 32K l>isk far Atari' Home Computers. S40

Cautitc forAliiri" (rnKJand Commodore 64-; SJ5

ancient warfare.

nihilaiion. BeautiEullv detailed scrolling map Ifits you examine the entire battlefield in this realtime name of

select your terrain find tactics cnrefully or face an-

arc un ihu movft. Outnumbered Iwo-tonjneby mulliludcs of turn then infantry nndcavatry, you. as CausFir, must

the valleys of GauE: Ihecrack legions of Imperial Rome

The beat pi barbarian war drums echoes through

Intermediate complciily level

of Games

itrV* ol Apfltti CtMOpalOH. (nc. Iv.sru r (Vm BusiWKS MnclicJich hihI In^rnnlionet ilmin

store near you. Ask for Operator Wl.

or call Toll-free: 1 (800) 638-9292 for the imnic of a

These and many other fine Avalon Mill Microcomputer Games are available at leading computer game stores everywhere ...

4517 Harford Road • Baltimore, Maryland 21214

A Division of The AVALON HILL Game Company

microcomputer gomes

Hi-res graphics and

sound

Wuyinj; lime: 20 minnli-s Co 1 hour: Advanced complexity level

HK IBM-PC or Commminre 641 Disl for S40

4BK Apple' or Alari' Disk forS40

select one of Ihoso. provided and pit your Corman, British. American or Russian forces iigainsl thill u! a Friend nr play solilfiire vs. yaur compufer,

armnr and infanlrv. Design your own scenario or

you rhoose vour force from a variety of WWII era

machinosofWWll. Jn this realistic tactical wartime,

agnin by the stawl monsters, the armored fighting

wuoded plains af Germany aro furrowitd

V'..-. ■_ = 11 -. ■ ii. .■ : 1-4 hours: InlermediaLe ccnple^ity Invfl

B4K Ui.i F(1j Commndore 64'. S3O

4QK. Di&k far Atari' Homo Computers. 530

for Atari' (32K) and Commadore 64*'. S23

effocls.

P faying Hme:20ininu1c«la3hoiirH;

dolerminaeion lo win.

requires careful Indira I planning and, Eibuvo all. a

the hordes of !■■ isnifin units. Nfot just an arcade shoot'em up. PaazeMagd

artillfry Support is (ilso available to help yriu rQmbat

ing over an ever-chnngmg bnlUcfield map. Off-map

and PeKw Ill's with itifantn* support, ail mimeuver-

in command! Your units include platoons (if Pnnthers

Disk for Commodore 64', 525

A World

Tho cndERKs Runsian at«pp« trombles agnin with

thef"Jiib]eaFinvydiog paiuers. nnd this time you are

tlasscl tv [ur Co in mod (ire til". 52U

quired in this hij<hiv-acdaimed computer masierpiGco.

A combination (if logic, skill and h little luck is re

excitement..

rieftisinjj com bins Uons make tor ondless nait-hiling

timed fuse detonates. A variety of bombs with infinite

V-l rockets. Yuu, as a member of Her Majesty s Royal Bomb Squad, miisi disarm each one before Us

The streets of London are IhrcjHluned wilh deadly

■■■'A

■."■■:

Panzer-Iagd

COMPUTE! PublicationsJncfi die a ine/tiC ft**â&#x201E;˘ig Comcemet

Jules H. Thompson, Inc. National and Canadian Sales Representatives 1290 Howard Avenue, Suite 303 Burlingame, CA 94010

Address all advertising materials to:

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Publisher Gary R. Ingersoll

Editor in Chie'l Robert C. Lock

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324 West Wendovcr Ave., Suite 200, Greensboro, NC 27408 Sales Offices, The Thompson Company Nuw England

617-720-1888

Editor Lance Elko Assistant Editor Todd Heimarck Production Director Tony Roberts

Midwest Texas

312-726-6047 713-731-2605

Editors Tom R. Halfhill, PC and PCjr Editor; Stephen Levy, Editor,

Southern CA

Managing Editor Kathleen E. Martinek

COMPUTE! Books Division; Gail Walker, Production Editor: Ottis R.

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COMPUTB'S GAZETTE

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Mailing Address:

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Programming Assistants

Mark Tuttle, David Flora nee, Kevin Mykytyn Copy Editors

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Vicki Jennings, l.aura MacFadden, Julia Fleming, Susan Young, Iris Brooks Production

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Data Processing Loon Stokes, Manager; Chris Cain, Assistant

Authors of manuscripts warrant that all materials submitted to

Accounting

resident In said authors. By submitting articles to COMPUTffl'i GAZETTE, authors acknowledge that such materials, upon acceptance for

Paul J, Megliola, VP, Finance & Planning; R. Steven Vettcr, Director,

Einance & Planning; Robert Bean, General Accountant; Karen K. Rogalski, Financial Analyst; Staff: Sybil Agee, Susan Booth, Anne

Ferguson, Pat Fuller, Doris Hall, Anna Harris, Tracey Hutchins, [ill Pope, Shannon Roesler Credit

David F. Carpenter, Credit Manager; Linda Miller, Credit Analyst Purchasing

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COMPUTED GAZETTB are original materials with full ownership rights

publication, become the exclusive property of COMPUTE Publications,

Inc. No portion of this maga/ine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Entire contents copy right ÂŠ 1984, COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. Rights to programs devel

oped and submitted by authors are explained in our author contract. Unsolicited materials not accepted for publication will be returned if author provides a self-ad dressed, stamped envelope. Where programs

are included in an article submission, a tape or disk must accompany the submission. Printed listings are optional, but helpful. Articles should be furnished as typed copy (upper and lowercase, please) with double spacing. Each article page should bear the title of the article, date, and name of the author. COMPUTE Publications, Inc., assumes no liability for errors in articles or advertisements. Opinions

Ken Woodard, Director of Advertising Sales; Patti Williams, Production Coordinator; Bonnie Valentino, Accounting Coordinator; Joyce Margo,

expressed by authors are not necessarily those of COMPUTE] Publica

Sales Representatives Jerry Thompson

415-348-8222

PET, CBM, VIC-20, and Commodore 64 are trademarks of Commo dore Business Machines, Inc., and/or Commodore Electronics Limited.

JoAnn Sullivan

619-941-2313

Production Assistant

Phoebe Thompson Ed Winchell Harry Blair

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919-275-9809

tions, Inc.

Other than as an independent supplier of quality information and

services to owners and users of Commodore products, COMPUTE!

Publications, Inc., is in no way associated with Commodore Business Machines, Inc., or any of its subsidiaries.

WordPro 3 Plus/64

The #1 Selling Word Processor for the Commodore 64'

WordPro 3 Plus'"/64 and SpellRight Plus"" provide a total word processing solution for the Commodore 64" which gives you: * Sophisticated Word Processing * Built-in Mail Merging (or Form Letters * Math Functions for Column Totals

* Fast and Complete Spell Checking via SpellRight Plus * A Super Value (two programs) for Only S99.95! WordPro and SpellRight are both specifically designed for the novice user with no computer or word processing experience whatsoever. And with over 40.000 WordPro versions sold, you can be sure that WordPro is a very sophisticated word processor loaded with powerful features including: Transfer. Insert, Delete, and Rearrange Text, Auto Page Numbering, Math Functions, Headers. Footers, Global Search and Replace, the Ability to Create Multiple Personalized Letters and Documents,

and much more. WordPro can create documents of virtually any length and will print up to 165 columns wide. You get all of this PLUS fast and complete spell checking using SpellRight Plus!

SpellRight Plus locates and highlights misspelled words and then allows you to quickly correct the misspellings â&#x20AC;&#x201D; improving the quality of your letters and reports. And, best of all, WordPro and SpellRight's powerful arsenal

of features can be put to use almost immediately â&#x20AC;&#x201D; by even the novice user. So whether you're a student, professional writer, in business, education or a hobbyist, you'll quickly become a WordPro Pro!

Both WordPro and SpellRight Plus are also available separately

at popular computer outlets nationwide.

Invest in the best.. .WordPro Plus. In a class by itself.

Professional Software Inc. 51 Fremont Street Needham, MA 02194

Dealer and Distributor inquiries are invited.

WordPro 3 Plus'VW and SpellRight Plus'" are trademarks of Professional Software Inc. The WordPro Plus Series was designed and written by Stove Punter ot Pro-Micro Software Ltd. SpellRight Plus was designed and written by Dwlght Huff and Joe Spatafora ot SpallMasler Sysloms, Inc.

Some printers may not support certain WordPro 3 Plus (unctions and/or require on Interface. Please checfc with your dealer Commodore 64" is a trademark of Commodore Electronics Ltd,

(617) 444-5224 Telex: 951579

GAZETTE FEEDBACK Editors And Readers

Do you have a question or a problem? Have you discovered something that could help other VIC-20 and Commodore 64 users? Do you have a comment about something you've read in computei's gazette? We want to hear from you.

Write to Gazette Feedback, COMPUTED GAZETTE, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403.

just appears. Is it possible to make the cursor go

across the screen and in its trail write the message you desire? Chris Rust

Yes, it is possible, and it can be done a number of

different ways. Using the PRINT statement and

string manipulation, you can do it this way on the VIC or 64:

Stacked Disk Drives

Cursor Write Routine

Is it safe for me to stack my 1541 disk drives on

100

AS="THIS

110 120

FORI=1TOLEN(A?) PRINTMIDS(A$,I,1)"(RVS)

130 140

FORJ=1TO50:NEXTJ NEXTI:PRINT" "

top of each other? I know the disk drive's motor generates a lot of heat, and I'd hate to burn some thing out. Tom McSweeney

It's best not to. If you take a look at your 1541, you'll notice that the vents are located on the top rear and the bottom rear. Because heat rises, the drive on the

bottom will vent its heat into the drive above. Whether you have one disk drive or ten, it's best to find separate shelf space for each. A disk drive should be placed where the ventilation holes are unobstructed, and air can circulate freely.

Commodore Key I'd like to know if there is any way to program the Commodore key located at the bottom left of

the keyboard. Is there a CHR$ code for it? Andrew Smith

10 PRINTPEEK(653):GOTO10

While the program is running, press each of the three keys mentioned above. As each key is pressed, a dif

ferent value will be returned. Pressing the SHIFT re

turns a 1, the Commodore key a 2, and the CTRL key a 4. Thus, you could determine whether the Com

modore key was being pressed during a program by using a line like: 100 IF PEEK<653>=2 THEN 200

Magic Cursor I would like to know if it's possible to make the

A TEST"

[OFF)(LEFT}";

Another method involves POKEs, and the code is considerably longer. First, enter one of the fol lowing lines, which will POKE a solid cursorlike

block (the cursor is a reversed space, CHR$ 160) onto your screen:

POKE 1536,160:POKE 55808,1 POKE 7936,160:POKE 38656,6

(Commodore 64) (unexpanded VIC)

Each of these lines first POKEs the reversed space to the screen, then POKEs the letter you desire to. the same position. You would then move to the next space, and start the cycle over again. The speed that the cursor moves could be cotitrolled by a delay loop. As an example, enter and run the following program on your VIC or 64. 10

SC=1024!CO=55296:INO40:SYS65517:IFPEE K(781)=22THENSC=7680:CO=38400:INC=22

No, there isn't a CHRS code for the Commodore key,

but there's a way you can check to see if this key is pressed. Memory location 653 is used to detect if the SHIFT, CTRL, or the Commodore keys are pressed. Enter and RUN this one-line BASIC program:

:rem

PRINT"{CLR}":CH=PEEK(646)

: rem 226

20 30

FORA=COTOCO+200:POKEA,CH:NEXT READD:IFD>255THENGOTO50

:rem 37 :rem 119

POKESC,160!PORT=1TO50:NEXTT:POKESC,D:S

C=SC+lsCT=CT+l:GOTO30

:rem

233

SC=SC+INC-CT:CT=0:IFD=999THENPRINT:END

GOTO30

100

DATA

:rem 151 :rem 2 8,5,12,12,15,44,256,20,8,9,19,32

,9,19,32,25,15,21,18,256,3,15,13,16,2 1 110

DATA

6,999

:rem

20,5,18,32,19,16,5,1,11,9,14,7,4

:rem

208

In this routine, the cursor speed can easily be changed. In line 40, change T=lTO50 to T=1TO5, and rerun the program. As you can see, the cursor speed is much faster.

Incidentally, an interesting technique is found

cursor "write." For example, when you use the

in line 10. This line determines if the program is being run on a VIC or 64, and sets up the screen

PRINT command, the statement inside the quotes

and color memory POKE locations accordingly. This

COMPUTE'S Gazelle

August 1984

Get skilled

Disk:

Apple! Atari;

Commodore} 64 ^

IBM-PC Cartridgo:

Atari: Commndorn 64'

-c Scarborough Sys

25N Broadway^Tarrytown. New York 10591

is done with two statements.

NEW is used to prepare newly purchased diskettes for use (called formatting). The syntax for the NEW command is as follows:

Type and enter the following line: SYS65517:PRINTPEEK(781>

If you're using a VIC, the value printed will be 22; on a 64, it will be 40. This is the number of col umns on the screen of each machine. The SYS to

OPEN 15,8,15: PRINT#15,"N0utiskname,id":CLOSE 15

where diskname is any name up to 16 characters in length, and id is any two-character identifier. It's a

good idea to use different two-character id's on dif

memory location 65517 is the start of the screen kernal routine which is used to determine which machine is in use. If you're writing a program for

ferent disks.

both machines, this technique is very handy.

64 Cold Starts

Scratching Files

In your April Feedback reply ("Cold Starting"), you mentioned you could reset the 64 by entering

I have many disk files that 1 am unable to scratch using the SO: command. I have a 1541 disk drive and have read the user's manual, but every time I

try, I get a FILE NOT OPEN ERROR or a SYN TAX ERROR. Can you please help? A. Padgeh The command format for scratching files an the 1541 is: OPEN 15,8,15: PRINT#15,"S0:///enflMie":CLOSE 15

where filename is the exact name of the file you wish to be scratched. When using the scratch command, you may

also use the wildcard (*). For example, if you wish to scratch a program from your disk named SPACE GAME, you could use the format: OPEN 15,8,1S:PRINT#15,"SO:SPACE'":CLOSE 15

However, when using the wildcard, more than one file may be scratched. For example, when using the

above format (SPACE*), any other files on the same

disk starting with SPACE (SPACE CADET, SPACE MAM, SPACE.HEATER, etc.) would also be scratched. Thus, if you have a file that you can't seem to scratch in the normal way, try using a wildcard. For example, if you can't seem to get rid of a program called MYPROG, try a command like OPEN 15,8,15,"S0:MYI"":CLOSE IS

Just make sure that there are no programs you want to retain on the disk which have the same pattern (for the example above, MYP as the first three letters).

Lost Forever Once you've typed in the NEW command on disk, is there any way to retrieve the programs that were lost?

Jason Whitley

Sorry, the programs on that NEWcd disk are lost for ever. When you format a diskette (with the NEW command), a 1 is written to almost every byte on the diskette.

This means that any programs on the disk were

erased and overwritten. 12

COMPUTE!1! Gazelle

Ajgust 19fW

SYS 64738. However, the user's guide says to en ter SYS 64759. What is the difference between the two, and what do these cold starts do? Steven Wiberg

The correct address to initiate a system cold start (which resets pointers, vectors, "NEWs" BASIC, etc.) is 64738.

The address 64759 is apparently a misprint. SFCE2 (64738) is the beginning of the cold start routine. If you disassemble the routine in ROM ($FCE2-$FD0l), you'll see that $FCF7 (64759) is in the middle of a }SR command. Since 64759 does not

point to the beginning of an instruction, it is not a good entry point for the cold start routine.

Damaged Disk Drives? I recently purchased a game on disk. Although there was no warning on the outside of the pack age, at the very end of the instruction booklet

there was written: "Caution: is protected against unauthorized copying. Attempting to copy this disk may result in damage to your disk

drive." Is this possible, and if so, how? Bill Winterling

Making copies of copyrighted software without per

mission of the distributor is against the laio. How ever, the learning about damaging your disk drive is probably just a scare tactic. When you make copies of diskettes, the com puter and disk drive are under the control of the copy program, not the software being copied. On the other hand, if i/ou do try to copy "pro tected" diskettes, you can cause unusual wear on

your drive. Many software companies create bad (er ror laden) tracks and sectors on their diskettes as a method of protection. You might have heard the disk drive "chatter" when you were loading one of these diskettes.

When the copy program you're running hits the

bad sectors, the drive will chatter while trying to read the errors. If the diskette has more than one track full of errors, the drive could go through the chatter routine 20 times or more. This constant vibration on the read/write head can cause it to be come misaligned, necessitating repair. Qf

[WHATIF 1T]UST PAID FOR ITSELF?]

ANAGOMPUTER MAKEYOU RICH? Horn* minigtnmt nttw*rm iram Etoctrentg Art*:

A few years

ago, they said home computers would take care ofyour personal finances.

Financial Cookbook. The calculator lh»l doa« ill the work. dy Sun Tmti •«) Eteclraic Aru

Money It slippery. There on: pioWemi like Interest Uinl Rets compounded daily lor 20 yrara and Ihen eroded every second by Inflation. Thnl problem, and mote than 30 otlwra. livdml Financial C'ooWwo*

comes to terns with. All that id recipej require nl yog are a lew «uy tngrtdiniU.- numbm. Vou plug

them In and the compuler debvm arawen. The entire ptay-by-oliy on U> 20 yesrj d your »ctouiL Money beiBni to mm (ess sJlppny. You nay even Mart Hnng iL

They would give you faultless advice on when to buy and when to sell.The implication was, they would make you rich. But until now, they did just the opposite.

We're about

to change all that with a pro gram called

Financial Cook

book. It's the first home computer program

TTierc we more ihdn 10/ tpieiiuxi

This ii opcsli oi/vui once/ihem.

actually de signed to save

people money.

But more important are the ways

Financial Cookbook can show you how to save money. Like how to make thou sands of dollars by borrowing to start

booklet called 101 Easy Ways to Save Money With Financial Cookbook. If you

call (415) 572-ARTS, well send you

a free copy. Or you can stop by your

And while Financial Cookbook alone

an IRA. How to pay off your home

Electronic Arts dealer and pick up

will do more in that direction, for

interest charge, by paying only $100

the questions.To get the answers, we

more retirement income from a $2,000

Financial Cookbook itself.

will not make you wealthy, we think it more people, than any other home computer program to date. One reason for this is that Financial

Cookbook is easy to use. It combines

the computing power of a pre-pro grammed spreadsheet with the simplic ity of a basic calculator.

mortgage 10 years sooner with half the more a month. How to get $20,000

investment. And many, many more

questions - on subjects from alimony to tax shelters — that we don't have the space to list here.

We do, however, have a revealing

a copy. The booklet of course, just lists

think it's only fair to ask you to buy

We can't promise it will make you rich.

But we're pretty sure that for $50? it will pay for itself in record time, and

maybe even pay off that promise you

invested in called a computer.

ELECTRONIC ARTS™

FINANCIAL COOKHOOK IS A FEATURED PRODUCT ON THE NEW APPLE He ami will »url< .viih Applf 11.11*, and He compiMn (»«h or ttithoM mou«),(h*

mnmi>d,.rc64.Al«ih.>mrcomrulrnarK!;.UAprlr:.nJmMP^^ IBM » ■ rcputm) ru>fc Khiw..lnt C™miiJorfi.Jwp.trr(di.JJf.™rl<.Kimin«Wella.iw^U-h1w..lraf Ann >. i mwc.cJ tMjmuiV .i Ann C.«nr«ii«.' ..J»idnt L.fUWr C.™.™™, Int.

■Suee«inl IVniiI I1 rite

SIMPLE ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS Tom R. Halfhill, Staff Editor

Each month, COMPUTE!^ gazette will tackle some questions commonly asked by new VlC-20/Commodore 64 users and by people shopping for their first home computer.

boldface, underlining, or italics, but it won't do

you much good if the program can't send the printer control codes to activate those features.

Likewise, a program that has commands for underlining or italics can't add those features to a printer which lacks them. In some cases, the pro

Are all word processors compatible with

all printers?

M\m No they aren't, and this can cause many problems when you're trying to assemble a word processing system made up of components from

several different companies. Not only does the word processing program have to be compatible

with the computer, but it also must be compat ible with the printer and printer interface. It can

be maddening, sometimes, to discover that the program you like won't work well with the

printer you bought, or that neither works well

with your printer interface. Putting together a well-matched system calls for some very careful planningâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;before you buy.

Of course, if you want to be safe, you could purchase all the components, from the same com pany and see them demonstrated by the dealer

before you take them home. This would be like buying a matched-component stereo system;

you're assured of compatibility. But perhaps you've seen or heard of another word processing program which you prefer for some reason. Or maybe you want a printer that

is faster or more versatile than the one offered by

the company which makes the computer. Or maybe you already own a printer and you want to build your system around it. Now the

responsibility for making sure everything is compatible is up to you.

Remember that the word processing program

and the printer must complement each other. The printer might be capable of printing in spe cial typefaces such as condensed, expanded, 1d

COMPUTErs Gazette

AuguSI 1984

gram's commands for a feature such as under lining might not even work on a printer that does have underlining. Special printer features are switched on and off by codes sent from the computer, and the codes vary from printer to printer. The program must be capable of sending exactly the right codes.

So how can you be sure if a certain word processing program will work with a certain

printer? First, try to find someone who is already using the same setup (check with your local

Commodore user group). If that fails, perhaps the dealer who is selling the printer or word process ing program can answer your questions. If not,

you'll have to do some research. Before buying a word processor, read the manual. Look for a sec tion on printers. See if the program can send a wide variety of control codes to the printer. Then check the printer's manual to see if the features you want can be switched on and off with those codes. Finally, investigate the printer interface to

be certain it will function properly with the printer you're considering.

When assembling a system this way, you'll

probably end up making a few compromises. For instance, the word processor you choose might

have every feature you've dreamed of, yet it may not support underlining on your printer, You

may conclude that underlining is worth giving up for the other features.

If all this sounds like a lot of work, it is. Sometimes you won't be able to find out how well the various parts match together until you

get them home, plug everything in, and try them out, Ask the dealers who sell you each compo nent for return privileges in case you encounter major problems.

mimodore 64™ . wners, Relax...

with Mirage Concepts software

Mirage Concepts has mastered the art of uncomplicating

software. Before you buy—we help you determine which Mirage Concepts package will meet your need. No guesswork! With your purchase comes a menu-driven program ranked by independent evaluators nationwide as among the finest available. Relax as you learn how to operate your program

with clear, concise tutorials written by professional writers... not programmers. For consultation on your special questions, technical support personnel are standing by on a toll-free basis DATABASE MANAGER, S89.95

]00<^ Machine Language • Free Form Design • Sort On Any Field • Calculated Fields

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ADVANCED REPORT GENERATOR, S49.95

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• Companion In Database ■ Totals and Subtotals • Field Matching ■ F.ipanded Reports

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WORD PROCESSOR, Professional Version S89.95

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• Sorting (Up ft Down» • Calculated Fields

• 80 Col iv/o Addt'l Hdwr • TOOT,. Machine Language • Spelling Checker (30.000 Words) • Over 70 Single Keystroke- Commands • Printer Command File » Interlaces to Database

WORD PROCESSOR, Personal Version S39.95 • lOO^i Machine Language • True Word Wrap • Printed page line'character counters • Right lustily. Center • Prinler Command File • Interlaces to Database

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TM—Cnmmodon- M is J fagbtend Ttodr Mark i>i Comm.Klcrc Ekiimnicv Ltd.

LUe'ue Gel c|ite Toteg REVIEWERS SAY: "This is the best typing tutor we have seen yet; ****+" INFO-64

"Computer aided instruction at its best." Commander "This is an excellent program

I need to know when, or when not, to in sert a diskette in a disk drive. I am very con

fused about statements in the user's manual. Page 8 indicates you should always remove the diskette before the drive is turned on or off. Okay. But the next sentence says never to re move it when the green light is on. The green operational light is always on. Could they have meant the red light? When is the best time to remove or change diskettes?

J&\a The paragraph you're referring to, on page

that makes typing practice an enjoyable pastime instead of boring drudgery."

8 of the Commodore VIC-1541 User's Manual, reads: "Remember to always remove the diskette before the drive is turned off or on. Never re move the diskette when the green drive light is

DILITHiUM PRESS

Rated the BEST educational program for the VIC 20 Creative Computing

CUSTOMERS SAY:

on! Data can be destroyed by the drive at this

". . . delighted with my son's

progress ... he is the only one In his second grade class who touch types at Ihe compuler." "Your Typing Tutor is an excellent program ... our 4 children literally wait in line to use it."

"Thoroughly satisfied, can't believe how fast I've learned to

time!" As you surmised, the manual is in error. The green light is a power indicator LED which

should always be glowing when the disk drive is

type. I've never typed before."

switched on. Commodore meant to warn you

In daily use by schools across the USA,

against fiddling with the diskette when the red LED is glowing. The red LED is called a busy light, and it indicates when the disk drive is

TYPING TUTOR + WORD INVADERS Commodore 64 Commodore 64 VIC 20 (unexpanded)

Tape S21.95 Disk 124.95 Tape $21.95

REALISTIC AIRCRAFT RESPONSE

some data or even mess up the disk. Interrupting

"Has a quality of realism which sets it apart from others, even

a write operation (when saving a program, for in

stance) would leave the file unclosed, and the

those I've tested in (light school."

next file you save could overwrite it,

Compute's Gazette

"Great program!"

Commodore is, however, correct in warning

INFO-64

you against switching the drive on or off with a

"It is tremendous fun."

disk inserted. Although you could probably get

Compute's Gazette

"Flight tested by an air traffic

away with this most of the time, there's a chance that a power surge caused by switching the drive on or off could destroy some data on the disk. Here's the correct procedure for handling disks with 1541 disk drives:

controller, two skilled pilots and

an elementary school class.

Highly recommended by all." Mldnlte Gazette

"This is an unbelievably realistic

simulation of the difficulties

facing a pilot in instrument fly

ing. I'm a 747 pilot and I think that this simulation could do

a lot lo improve the reactions and instrument scan habits of even very experienced pilots." 747 pilot

IFR (FLIGHT SIMULATOR) Commodore 64

VIC 20 (unexpanded)

Tape or Disk $29.95

Cartridge $39.95

JOYSTICK REQUIRED

^5^ Shipping and handing SI 00 per ■■■■ order CA

accessing the disk (either reading or writing). Naturally, if you interrupt this process by pop ping open the drive door, you'll probably lose

residenls add 6% la*

1. Switch on the computer. 2. Switch on the disk drive.

3. When the drive stops its initial whirring, insert the disk and proceed as usual. 4. When you're ready to end the session, re move the disk before switching off the drive.

It doesn't matter if the disk drive door is open or closed when switching the power on or

off. However, many people prefer to close the

SOFTWARE

P.O. Box 6277

San Rafael, CA 94903

(415) 499-0850

Programmers: Write to our New Program Manager concerning any exceptional Commodore 64 program you have developsd. 16

COMPUTERS Gazette

August 19fW

door when the drive's not in use to keep out dust. 48

COMPUTEI's GAZETTE DISK COMPUTEI's GAZETTE is now available on disk

Each month you can receive a fully tested 5'A inch floppy disk which will run on either your Commodore 64 or VIC-20 personal computer. Each issue of COMPUTEI's GAZETTE DISK

will contain all the programs which appear in the corresponding issue of COMPUTEI's GAZETTE magazine. You'll save hours of typing time and gain hours of enjoyment

with all the quality programs found each month in COMPUTEI's GAZETTE.

Here are just a few of the quality programs for the VIC and 64 which appeared in the July 1984 issue: • Ultrafont + —A feature-packed character editor

tailor the program to the child's learning level.

for the 64 written in machine language. Lets you concentrate on your artwork instead of

For the VIC and 64.

programming.

• Space Patrol—Engaged in a battle in space, you

handy utility for the VIC and 64 that displays all possible combinations of character and back

must prevent aliens from landing. An action-

ground colors.

strategy game for the VIC and 64.

All the programs included in each issue of COMPUTEI's GAZETTE are available on disk.

• Robot Math—An excellent learning tool that's fun for children. Included is a menu that lets you

• Power BASIC: Color Chart—A short and very

Order yours today.

Ordering Information To Subscribe: Return the attached postpaid card Or Call COMPUTEI's GAZETTE TOLL FREE 800-334-0868 (in North Carolina 919-275-9809).

All orders must be prepaid— send check or money order or

charge to Visa, MasterCard, or American Express.

Individual Issues:

Subscription Rates:

Individual issues of the GAZETTE

One year (12 disks) subscription

DISK can be ordered for $7.95

(in the US and Canada add $1

$69.95 (add $36 shipping and handling

per issue for shipping and

outside the US and Canada)

handling. Outside the US and Canada add $3 per issue). In

dividual issues can be ordered by calling TOLL FREE 800-3340868 (in North Carolina call 919-275-9809), or by sending your prepaid order to GAZETTE

DISK, P.O. Box 5406, Greens boro, NC 27403.

Two year (24 disks) subscription $129.95 (add $72 shipping and handling

outside the US and Canada)

An Introduction To Plotters Robert Sims, Assistant Editor

There was a time, back in

the days before comput

ers, when clerks with ink-stained fingers func tioned as human machines,

using brass and stainless steel implements to create mechanical

drawings of humankind's inven tions. Drawing precision was measured in thirty-seconds of

an inch, because that's about as small a scale as the human eye and hand can manage.

In those low-tech days, people thought of plotters as 18

COMPUTE's GazoUe

August 1984

malcontents who skulked about

in crumbling basements and ar gued over the best way to get rid of the king. Today, clerks have cleaner

fingers because plotters are merely machines which can draw two curved lines, exactly parallel and a few thousandths

of an inch apart.

In their own quiet, dull

way, these computer peripherals are as revolutionary as their an

archistic namesakes.

Plotters make it possible to turn out contractor-ready

architectural drawings on a

home computer. Students can turn in figures of such symme try, composed of such smoothly

curving lines and exact angles, as would tempt a geometry

teacher to pass out A + grades

left and right.

Artists, if they can arrange a marriage between the rigors

of trigonometry and the free dom of creativity, can use plot ters to expand the horizons of

iON WAGON

'^^

If getting the i

real chafiengi

Introducing a new generation ofcomputer games. Family Learning Games from Spinnaker. Ever notice how a little fun with the family can be a little hard to arrange?

Well, now there's a solution-Spinnaker's

Family Learning Games. A whole family of

great games that make getting the family together seem like child's play. And make "family fun" really seem like fun again. What's more, they'll even help your kids develop some very important skills.

What makes our Family Learning Games

so special? Well, for one thing they're designed to challenge and excite everyone in the family, from grade schoolers to grownups. Their unique combination of

chance and strategy makes them perfect

for young players, yet challenging enough that everyone will want to play them again and again.

But what makes our Family Learning

Games even more unique is how they help kids learn -about problem solving, strategizing. spelling, even Greek mythology. That's

quite a bit more than they'd learn from a

typical board game (if you could even get

them to play a typical board game).

So next time you want to get every body together, don't get discouraged-get

Spinnaker's Family Learning Games.

You'll find the biggest challenge in family

fun won't be on the refrigerator. It'll be on the computer.

Spinnaker games are available for ColecoVislon* and for Coleco Adam." Commodore &!" and Atari" home computers.

UP FOR GRABS.'"

It's New!

ADVENTURE

CREATOR.™

It's a wildly editing crossword

Wnere do monsters lurk? And

Desigi a challenging adventure

Uiinfc fast. More words will help you win - but don't get caugfit with leftover letters!

AEGEAN VOYAGE." which islands have treasures

game tnat everyone can play-

to Benold? Heed Uie oracle's words, (or only Pis dues can

or let the computer design one

return. Ages 8- Adult.

Ages tZ -Adult.

lead yuu to riches and a safe

game where everyone lias to

for you, It's exciting, treat ive-

Ages 8 -Adult.

and utterly addictive I

SP//Y/MX&?

We make teaming fun.

..,

Cartridges for: ColecoVision.Coleco Adam. Atari

arid commooore 54

and AUn.Inc rBp«tneiy.WKii*iUmanflComm!Kion!&>aratrK»mirio DfColKoln(HBIriBiiMCorrmiMOT-eEI«tranicilia.rHp«lively-'01984, 5pin-iaiwr Software Corp All rights r

ner of the paper. Now, simulta

reproductive art.

Although they are much slower than printers, plotters

can even print text, whether it be business letters, book reports,

or program listings. Not only that, they can print it horizon tally or vertically. The more so phisticated plotters can print

text at nearly any angle (even upside down), and also offer italic and bold faces. This precision and versatil ity are possible because of the

way plotters put images on paper.

Printers are character-

oriented and line-oriented. That is, a printer forms each character in a single operation, then moves to the next character po sition on the line. When a line is printed, the printer moves the paper up so the next line can be

printed. But the printer doesn't

keep track of its current position

in relation to what has already been printed.

Plotters, on the other hand, are point-oriented and direction-

oriented. Their function requires that they keep track of current

position in relation to every other point on the paper.

To understand how plotters draw, you must think back to eighth grade geometry, when

the teacher tried to interest you in the Pythagorean theorem,

Cartesian coordinates, and other

angular mysteries.

Plotters work on an X-Y co ordinate system, in which each

plotlable point is identified by a

pair of numbers. The plotter po sitions its pen and paper accord ing to these number pairs. To

draw horizontally, it moves the

pen back and forth; to draw ver tically, it moves the paper; to draw diagonally, it moves both paper and pen at the same time. in order to appreciate the precision required to draw diag onally in this manner, hold the

bottom edge of a piece of paper with one hand. With the other,

press a pen to the lower-left cor20

COMPUTE'S Gazette

August 1984

neously pull the paper toward you and move the pen to the right. You'll get a ragged diag onal line. (For a real test, try

where in this issue) can only draw from point to point. It knows no formulas for making geometric shapes, and it recog

nizes only the basic commands

writing your name this way.) By coordinating the move

which position the pen, place it onto the paper, and lift it again,

ments of pen and paper, a plot ter can produce any shape, from

Bausch & Lomb DMP-40 Plotter

a single point to a complete set of engineering plans for a geo desic dome.

Although the final result may appear to be curved or di agonal, the plotter actually draws only vertically or hori zontally, in a stairstep, â&#x2013; When it receives a com mand, for example, to draw a line between a point in the lower-left corner to a point in

the upper-right corner, it accom plishes this through a fill-in-the-

dots routine. First it draws a line

from the original point to the nearest adjacent point which is

between the original and end points. Then it draws a line

from that point to the next

point, and repeats this process

until the end point is reached. The result is not one straight line, but a series of tiny

interconnected lines. Whether this conglomeration looks like a single line depends on the plot ter's resolution, or how far apart

the individual points are.

Most plotters which can be interfaced with the VIC and Commodore 64 will have a resolution of between .0078 inch and .00] inch.

Although the difference may seem quite small, it is criti

cal to the apparent unity of a line. A resolution of .0078 inch will leave a visible stairstep ef

fect, while a line drawn with

.001 resolution will appear un

broken to the eye. Other plotter features also

vary widely among models.

Generally, the less expen

sive plotters are "dumber" than

the higher-priced models. The Commodore 1520 Printer/Plotter (see the product review else

On the other hand, the (which costs about $800 more than the 1520) recognizes an

entire language of commands which not only move the pen,

but also tell it to draw complete figures such as circles and ellip ses. In fact, if you give it a few

key points in a complex curved shape, it can compute the rest of the points and draw the shape

automatically. The DMP-40 includes other advanced features, like the abil ity to isolate part of a figure, then reproduce it larger or smaller in the same proportion

as the original. This difference in sophistica

tion has a direct bearing on how much math the user must know and how much program ming is required to make the

plotter work. Since the DMP-40

has a built-in computational ability, the user is primarily con cerned with learning the com mands that tell the plotter the general shapes in the design,

and where to place the design on the page. These commands are then sent to the plotter as character strings in BASIC or machine language programs. With the 1520, the user also must work out the formulas, and write a program to calculate the points and transmit the re sults to the plotter.

Some features do not de pend on price. Both the 1520 and DMP-40 can draw in color,

for example, And both have a

problem with pen quality. The 1520 uses special ball point pens which draw a thin,

uneven line, and which tend to

skip. The DMP-40 uses special

felt-tip pens with soft points

that are quickly blunted as the

^ ..-..■ r

You bought a computer to cultivate your kids'minds. Make sure it's bearing fruit, not growing vegetables. Introducing a whole crop or Learning Adventure games from Spinnaker. When it comes to cultivating adventurous young minds, the computer's potential is endless.

Unfortunately, the search for software

that makes the most of that potential has

hours of adventure and learning. So the time kids spend with our games will help them develop valuable skills. Instead ofjust

That is. until Spinnaker created the Learning Adventure Series. A unique collec

and problem solving, for instance.

Adventure games unique - educational value aside- is how much fun they are. Which isn't

that will truly cultivate young minds, pick the Spinnaker Learning Adventure Series.

do things like bargain with aliens, search a haunted house, or build your own railroad

will be fruitful.

But what really makes our Learning

empire.

tion of games that reward curiosity with

It's New! TRAINS.'"

Vbu'rein charge of an old-time Into a Bonanza or a bust depends

on now well you run il But either way you'll (ino mat working on tins railroad is a challenge-and a lotoffunlAgeslO-Aduit.

It's the best way to be sure your search

Spinnaker Learning Adventure games are available for Apple.* Atari.® IBM" and Commodore 64" home

It's New!

IN SEARCH OF

CREATOR.'"

AMAZING THING.

game that you or a f nend can

your B-liner. But you'll have help

exciting-utterly addictive!

the Most Amazing Thing. Ages 10-Adult.

Design a challenging adventure tackle- or let the computer design one for you. It's comple*. Ages IZ-Adult.

SP//YmK&?

We make teaming fun.

*W». «Ufi JM IBM irt rn^fM litomwu rt App» Cnnpuw.lw. Aun. W.

So. if you're in the market for software

computers.

ADVENTURE

railroad - and whether it turns

UrtghanMivM

tant skills. Deductive reasoning, note taking,

tired thumbs.

too surprising when you consider you can

been endless, too.

In fact, our games are so much fun. kids

will really enjoy developing some very impor

THE MOST It isn't easy to fnd-even In

from your Uncle Smoke Bailey as you search the universe to find

Disks for: Apple. Alan, IBM, and CommoOore 64

Cartridges for: Atari and Commodore 64 -

(ADVENTURE CREATOR only)

pen is dropped on the paper, lifted, and dropped again. Both of these problems are most no ticeable when the plotters are printing text because the plotter uses many short, jerky motions to form the letters, and picks up and drops the pen after drawing each letter.

area where the 1520 has the DMP-40 plotter beat—and any other plotter, for that mat ter. Since the 1520 is made by the same company that manu factures the VIC and 64, it is

ter's RS-232 port are wired, and the control codes used to trans mit and receive data.

puter. Just plug it into the serial port as if it were a Commodore

cartridge plugged into the user

can't help much with interface questions. Hooking up a third-

interface cartridge, and the plot

fully compatible with your com

Other plotters (unless they come with a special interface) are usually connected to the computer through an interface

First, the use of plotters with Commodore home com puters is not widespread. Manu facturers are not familiar with the user port's wiring, so they

party plotter requires the user to know at least the basics of how the Commodore user port, the

However, interfacing is one

printer.

port (RS-232). This is not a simple task.

In addition, there is a bug in Commodore's RS-232 hand shaking routine, that portion of

the operating system which al lows the computer to communi cate automatically with devices

on the user port. Because of this

bug, the computer sometimes

doesn't send all its data to the RS-232 device.

Even after you answer the wir ing and signal questions, you must include routines in your plotter programs which by pass the bug. The only sure way to deal with the problem is to keep checking the RS-232 out

put buffer to make sure it's empty after each batch of data is sent, and if it's not empty, to send null bytes until it empties.

You also must be familiar with the plotter's input buffer size, how fast data moves through it, and how the plotter signals that it's ready to receive more data. All of these technical and programming obstacles can be daunting to the beginner, and help is not easy to find. Still,

if you have a practical need to produce hard copy of high-

resolution, computer-generated graphics, the result is well worth the work. V

Version 2.0

EVERYTHING YOU EVER WANTED IN A DISK UTILITY... AND MORE!! FOR THE COMMODORE 64* Fully automatic back-up of almost any protected disk. Copy files [PRG. SEQ, RND] with full screen editing. Three minute back-up of standard disks (even many protected disks]. Format a disk in ten seconds. ■■ View and alter sector headers. Remove errors from any track/sector. Edit sectors in HEX, ASCII — even assembler. Create errors on any track/sector [20, 21, 22, 93, 27, 29] instantly. Drive/64 MON, even lets you write programs inside your 1 541. All features are fully documented and easy to use.

None of our copy routines ever makes the drive head "kick." Yes, you get all of this on one disk for this low price! S39.95

. . . WHITE OH PHONE . . ,

o 6J 4 a rademwfc of

B Buim«s Machines

L22 \

COMPUTE'S Gazette

August 1984

Sr&RPOINT SOFTWARE Star Route 10

Gazelle. CA 96034

[916] 435-9371

VISA or MASTERCARD add$3forC.O.D.

Prentice-Hall speaks a Commodore language other publishers have forgotten. English.

USING THE COMMODORE 04 IK THE HOME by Hank Librae^ and WiHiam BeTvendt Home Ol the

MUSIC AND SOUND FOR TH E COMMODORE

games, and fr.ucl'moro BooVdi&< available £10 95

instruments SH 9S

lulure1 Twenly original programs fofdech book keep ing, loan payments, lamily fiulriMon. educalron.

64 By Bill L. Bedrendi- Hcfw to uss the Commodore 64'z Sound Interlace Dovico and how 10 write programs that match Iho sounds ot various band

SPRITE GRAPHICS FOR THE COMMODORE

84 by Sally Greenwood Laisen Snows how to pro duce higfi resolution, color, animated graphics.

Twenty-live ready-10-rjn sample programs £15.95

COMMODORE 64 VIC 20 BASIC by Hichard

I*5V INTERFACING PROJECTS FOR THE

INTRODUC1NQ COMMODORE S4 MACHINE

o.rarnmir>g gunJo. complole wilh oxamplos iiluslrnicd

William Ishemvood Do:ons ol interfacing ereiocts

prngtamming in machine language algo mclutTos

mue ^e ViC-20s oowor SI2.95

andgame5 S13 95

Haskoll flno Thomas Windeknochl A Top-down proby video screen photos. Lhfl[ introduces the Becjlnnor and advanced user alike lo The concents—and actual

VIC-3O by James Downey. Don Rmdsberg. and

CODE Dylan Sinclair This clear, siep-by-step mtro to

written In BASIC flirJ specifically <)e3ignoil to mn'i-

sophisticated ac plications in las I moving graphics

wilting—ol programs in BASIC S13.95

PRENTICE-HALL BOOKWARE /THE LEADER IN COMPUTER PUBLISHING Fur more information about our computer books and software, write to us;« the address below. De;ilt:r inquiries welcome. Pwntlce-Hall. General Publishing Division, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632

■ Wo fluaranloo Itial all ouf guides ara easy lo read nnd slmpto to apply without the aid ol a reference library, a computer salesperson, or a mace wno Just giadualed Iram M.I.T

A Survey Of Printers For The VIC-20 And Commodore 64 Kathy Yakal, Editorial Assistant

If you've ever browsed for printers at a store where the clerks were less-than-

knowledgeable and morethan-technophobic, you may be

a littie nervous about buying a printer that will "work" with your VIC-20 or Commodore 64.

Granted, you might have to

do a bit of investigation to get the right kind of interface (see

"Selecting A Printer Interface," elsewhere in this issue) if you're interested in a non-Commodore printer. And if you already own a lot of software, you will want to check on the compatibility of

those packages with print

capabilities.

But don't be put off by any one who tells you you have to

be pretty technical to hook up anything but a Commodore

Cardco, Inc.'s newest printer, the LQ/3, offers letter quality print for less than $500.

printer to a VIC-20 or Commo

dore 64. The fact is that your Commodore computer can work with any printer with a

ers, but it's not likely that you'll

Centronics parallel or RS-232

puter and disk drive put together.

serial interface capability.

The following chart is lim

ited to printers that cost less

than $500. There are more ex pensive printers that can be

used with Commodore comput24 \

COMPUTE'S Gazette

August 1984

want to spend more on a printer

than you paid for your com

We have tried to be as com prehensive as possible in these

listings. If any manufacturer has been left out, we regret the omission.

Here's an explanation of the chart specifications: Manufacturer/Distributor: In some cases, this is actually the company that makes the printer.

In others, it's the company that markets or distributes it. Type of Interface Standard: Commodore computers are equipped to communicate with

"Now Your Commodore 64 Can Print Like a Prol"

Grappler

Printer Interface

The Revolutionary Printer Interface for the Commodore 64 A New Era in

A Uniquely Intelligent Interface:

Commodore Printing Power.

• Prints Screen Graphics Without Software • Graphics Screen Dump Routines Include

Grappler CD offers the first complete answer to

your printer interfacing requirements, with many

powerful capabilities unique in the Commodore marketplace. Complete signal translation allows many popular name brand printers to operate

perfectly with the Commodore 64, or to imitate

Commodore's own printer. Even Commodore's graphic character set can be reproduced on Epson, Okidata, Star, ProWriter and other popular printers.

Exclusive Grappler CD features provide a variety

of graphic screen dumps, text screen dumps and formatting. No other Commodore interface can offer this. If you own a Commodore 64...

If you're serious about quality, trouble free printing... You need the Grappler CD.

Contact your nearest Commodore dealer or call Orange Micro for a dealer near you. 'p 64 ana Commodoce IW5 *'( utCvrwk* of Commocon Ei«Troi-ic* Limiisd Epuxi

Rotated, Inversed, Enhanced and Double Sized Graphics.

• Full Code Translation From Commodore's PET

ASCII to Standard ASCII, the Language of Most Printers.

• Complete Emulation of the Commodore 1525 Printer for printing of Commodore's Special Characters.

• Dip Switch Printer Selection for Epson, Star,

Okidata, ProWriter and other popular printers.

• Conversion Mode for Easy Reading of Special Commodore Codes.

• Text Screen Dump and Formatting Commands

• 22 Unique Text and Graphics Commands

SlOrange micro 1400 N. LAKEVIEW AVE., ANAHEIM. CA 93807 U.S.A. (714)779-2773 TELEX: 183511CSMA c Oun^e Mieio In* . 1M3

ITrS YOUR TIAAE BOTTOAA COMMODORE OWNERS now have an alternative to the frustrating LOAD ... wait ...UNLOAD... wait... RELOAD... wait pro cedure. The NEW MSD DUAL DISK DRIVE ... SUPER DISK II will eliminate those hours wasted during task performance and time

lags that inflate expensive labor costs and

deflate your bottom line. One SUPER DISK II will copy, format, and

verify in less than two minutes ... a pro cedure that normally takes 30 to 40 minutes using 2 single drives. Yes, SUPER DISK II is

TWENTY TIMES FASTER!

MSD provides quality craftsmanship that is backed by an exceptional six month warranty. The SUPER DISK II workhorse drive never overheats, so why be aggravated by the loss of time and money?

Invest today in SUPER DISK II, the SMART disk drive which contains its own microputer to command the drive and then con

tinue. SUPER DISK II does the work quickly so

that you can get on with your program. As for the money you will save in unpro ductive labor costs ... perhaps you will invest it in a daisychain of SUPER DISKS. These workhorse drives will allow you to connect up to four drives for maximum speed and reliable, continued performance. ■:•:■■;>•'■■'■ <.?■&-"■■■■

SUPER DISK II DESIGN ASSETS

• Sturdy sheet metal casing and heat sink • Vertical load for ergonomic space efficiency

• Smart disk contains microprocessor and memory in each drive

• Status lights to display which drive is in use • Three steel bands for repeated accuracy of alignment

• Flexible use of serial or parallel communication • Access flexibility configured as drive 0 or drive 1

SYSTEMS, INC. Dealer and distributor inquiries invited.

SUPER DISK II Features and

PARALLEL BUS

COMPATIBILITY .. Commodore 64,'" VIC-20,"

DAISYCHAIN .... Up to 4 drives

Specifications

PET" CBM

BUFFER MEMORY CAPACITY 6K COMPLETE

DUPLICATION

OPERATIONAL SUPPORT

Less than 2 minutes. (Compare

manual.

OVERHEAT TIME

NONE. Tested for weeks of con tinual operation.

WARRANTY

6 MONTHS. (Compare to 3 months for 1541). 48 hour factory repair service.

& Verify a Full Disk.

TIME TO FORMAT

17 seconds. (Compare to 1

SERIAL BUS

YES. 2 connectors.

min/20 sec. with 1541).

Power-on diagnostics to ensure proper disk drive operation. LED status lights display where error is occurring. Easy to understand instruction

t0 30-40 minutes with two

TIME: Format, Copy 1541s)<

YES, for enhanced speed, IEEE for Commodore compatibility.

WHEN YOU ARE READY TO GET DOWN TO COMPUTING RELIABLE SINGLE DRIVE READILY AVAILABLE

MSD Systems also offers COMMODORE OWNERS the reliable and efficient SUPER DISK I, a single disk drive which is compati ble with the COMMODORE 64, VIC-20, and PET computers. Like the dual drive, MSD's SUPER DISK I never overheats ... its internal state-of-the-art design provides exceptional durability and longer life even in continuous run cycles, with more speed and power for internal operations.

Local service centers.

MSD SUPER DISK DRIVE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS STORAGE*

Total Capacity

Sequential Relative

174848 bytes per diskette

168656 bytes per diskette 167132 bytes per diskette 65535 records per file

Directory Entries ... 144 per diskette

Blocks

683 total per diskette

Tracks Sectors

35 per diskette 17 to 21 per track

664 available per diskette

Bytes

256 per sector

Diskettes

Standard 5'/«". single sided single density

•NOTE: The SD-2 contains two disk drive mech

anisms and can therefore handle two times the above capacities (one for each diskette).

SOFTWARE

16K Bytes Operating System

4K RAM buffer area (6K for the SD-2) Microprocessor based disk controller (6511Q)

Commodore Compatible Serial Bus Interface Commodore Compatible IEEE Parallel Bus Interface

PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS

A greater 4K double capacity buffer memory allows users to open more files at any one time. The drive accomplishes many

SD-1

quire. The SUPER DISK I can format disks in 17 seconds, and

Depth 13.3" (338 mm

execute utility commands in a minimum amount of time.

The SUPER DISK I has both serial and parallel buses. Up to

adding the MSD IEEE 488 interface (CIE) and IEEE/PET cable. The unique vertical load architecture of MSD's SUPER DISKS reduces desktop space normally required. The durable sheet metal casing minimizes heat retention and contributes to the re liability and long life of the SUPER DISKS. MSD confidently offers an exceptional 6 month warranty to support SUPER DISK users.

SD-2 )

6.2" (157 mm)

13.3" (338 mm)

INTERFACE

Dual Commodore compatible Serial Bus Jumpers for selecting device number 8, 9,10 or 11.

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS Voltage .. Frequency Power ...

110 or optiona 220 VAC 50 or 60 Hertz 50 Watts

10031 Monroe Drive, Suite 206 • Dallas, Texas 75229 • 214-357-4434 • Outside Texas 800-527-5285

printers through their serial ports. If you want to buy any kind of printer other than one that is "Commodore-ready" (one that can be connected di

rectly to the Commodore serial port), you will have to buy an interface.

Basically, there are two kinds of interfaces. One trans lates Commodore serial into

standard RS-232 serial; the other turns Commodore serial into standard Centronics parallel.

Some manufacturers offer both serial and parallel versions of a particular printer. This column on the printer

Good graphics capabilities, a variety of character sizes, and a speed of 120

cps make the Gemini 10X, from Star Micronics, a popular printer for Com modore owners.

chart tells what interface(s) is standard and what, if anything, is optional. Print Technology: In this price range, there are two types: impact and thermal. Impact printers transfer

characters to paper by actually making contact with it. Dotmatrix printers form characters and graphics with a set of wires

that strike the paper in the de sired configuration. Daisywheel printers have a printhead that

contains fully-formed characters like those in a typewriter, except that the characters are arranged in a circle like the petals of a

flowerâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;hence the name daisy wheel. Both use inked ribbons. Daisywheel printers gener ally offer better print quality, while dot-matrix printers' big

gest selling points have tradi tionally been low cost and graphics capabilities. Not neces sarily so for much longer,

though: Some dot-matrix print ers now approach letter quality printing, and daisywhee! print ers can be had for less than

$500. Thermal printers burn off a special aluminum coating on thermal paper so the black sur

Blue Chip Electronics, Inc., has introduced the M120/10, a correspondencequality dot matrix printer that interfaces directly with the Commodore 64.

An RS-232 serial interface is optional. 28

COMPUTE'S Gazette

August 1984

face under the coating will show through in the pattern of de sired characters. This technology is quiet and cheap, but the spe cial paper required often ages

READER'S DIGEST INTRODUCES PLAY-AND-LEARN SOFTWARE FOR A VERY TOUGH AUDIENCE.

p In the eyes of any red-blooded, American four-five-or-six-year-old,

computer software is nothing more than a new toy. And when it comes to a new toy, kids have never been known to fool around. It's either good or bad, fun or boring, worth playing with or not, right from the start. Nothing in between and no bones about it.

So when we created our early learning series, we did it without any illusions. And, judging from the

kids who've tried our games so far, there's not a dull learning tool in the group.

Each game is fun. And worth playing over and over. So our programs continually reinforce early

learning skills along with basic computer commands. And unlike some other early learning programs, Reader's Digest Software games are designed so that even nonreaders can follow the fun. Whether it's Little People's Puzzles" for pleasure, Micro Habitats; the creative construction set, or kooky, unspooky Alphabet Beasts and Company'," there's a lot of color, animation, sound and even music to turn

our toughest customers into a captive audience. Look for it now at your software store or call Customer Service at 1-800-431-8800 (NY: 1-800-262-2627; AK. HI: 914-769-7000; Canada: 514-934-0751). SOFTWARE GOOD ENOUGH TO GO OUT AND BUY A COMPUTER FOR.

ailable for Apple* II. II Plus. He, lie- 48 K with Disk Drive, Commodore* 64

■rfacnKh'KiW

Lillle

and joystick preferred for Micro Habitats.

i< ■ nstltml iwfeninfcaf Commtdcr ElnlnxTK..Umiirf IBM ,. > iciiuifnl InAsuik oi Initrulmul Bmimt usnlm Im Micts11ibi<uiHi4 Alplubn B™iii Comwny iiciralniurliol Soft.ifr Produciian > Dipu Strvim Inc Micntompuin Suliwirf Divluaa, PitiunlvilV. Nr» Y«k IGSW

infomuimivnliiblf upon •")"«' "• "il

Alprtacarn, Inc.

Alphaccn. Inc.

Cardco. Inc

Commodore Busness

Alphacom«

Alpriacom 81

CarocoLQ-2

Commodtre 152S

Everett/CriarlBS Marketing

Parallel ana Beiral csUes nvaiaWe:

Cornmodorn-rcaOy

Star Microncs

HJue Cfiip BectrOniCS

Panasonic

Legend Peripheral Products

Cardco. Inc.

Blue Crap Electronics

Wudata

Commodore Business

Gorrmr 10X

ir-ww

KX-P1090

KX-P1091

Legend BOO/1000

L&3

M120/10

ijwis eo

MPS-801

NEC Home Elsaroncs USA), Inc.

ConpuEer Ptnprfieiats

C. Itoh

Axiom Caponxbon

Aucn Corpcranon

Axonix Corporation

Hewteti-Packaro

Prmtote*

Prownler 8510-AP

Seitosha GP-1OOA

Soikmria GP-250X

Thm-PnntBC

Thinkjel (HP2225)

USA), Inc.

NEC homo Electrcoics

NECP&S023A

NECPC-6021

Parallel

Facil Data Products

1 ... ■> 4510

Machines

BoHi parallol and serial

Epson America. Inc.

Parallel. HP-IB, and NP-IL available

Parallel and serial avaiablo

Pajallei and senal evatoble

Parallel and serial

Parallel

cables avaiacie (or Councilors. IBM PC, Rado Snack

Parallel and serial standard, interface

ParaBel standard: senai optional

Parallel

interface requreO lor Commodore 64

Serial end paraBel standard: no special

ParaleJ; oun-in Ccmmooore interface

Parallel standard: senai opnonal

Parallel standard: senal c^bonal

Parallel slandard: senBI optional

interiaco roquired (or Ccfnmodore 64

Serial and paralel standard: no special

Para*el stanOo'd. serai <Wic™i

Parallel

Dataport

ParaDet

Parallel slandant senal npDonaJ

Commoooifl-iBacty

Commoaco corrouters

Parallel standard: txdt-n mtarfsce tor

also CommoOore, Atari, Tl. Appto

Epson MX-80

Service. Inc.

p r.criar

Paralel and senel cades available. g3so Commocore. Alan. Tl

Dataport

CP-BO Type 1

Micro 0

Abalr LQ-20

Machines

InterlscB Stindird

Parana! Standard; serial

Typool

'-'2nji..;;..r ,

Distributor

MocM

Name Butler

ik-jet

r»i_r;riai

impact (cbt-matnx)

mpact (rtoT-matni)

■npact (dot-mainx)

mpact [rkx -matrix)

mpact fdc<-matrl>)

"bermal

mpact (dot-matni)

mpact fdot-matnuj

mpact (dot-matrix)

mpact {rJarsynrieef]

mnact (Oot-maWi)

mpdct (dat^notni)

mpact (dot-matrix)

Thermal transfer

mpaci (rSs.num.)

Impact idot-rnatr»)

Impact (dot-matmij

mpact (datsyvrfiMQ

Impact tOot-malrti!

impact (dot-maffw)

Impact (OasyYfneel)

Thermal

Impact {datsyvrtieel)

150 ops

40 cps

50 cv-

Wcps

120 eps

160 cps

100 cps

40 cps

50 cps

80 cps

120 cps

13 cps

BOcps; Leg end 1000. 100 cps

Legend 800

120 cps

80 cps

120 cps

120CPS

BOcps

15 cps

80 cps

per minute

45 inches

12-20 cps

80 cps

80cps

18 cps

40-142 cpl

80-136 cpl

Ocpl

32 c0

0-17 cpi. BO-136cpl

40 cpl

80-136 cpl

40 cpl

80 cpl

80-132 cpl

10-16 cpi

40-142 cpl

10-15 cpi

6-17 cp.

10-17 cpi

80 cpl

eocci

40-142 Cpl

eOcpl

Max. BOcpl

10 cp

10 CP

120-180

1000 byres

80 bytes

None

>ie line

None

}ne line

Nona

256by1flS

NA.

optional

1K standard: 4K

Optional

IK slanaarfl. 4K

256 bytes

4Kor8X

One Ira

None

One Ime

One lino

One line

1.SK

Yes

Yos

Yds

Yos

Yes

Ye^

Yes

YBs

res

Yes

Dtscendera

Pitch

Trw

Spnd

Technology

Pm and IrcDon

Fnction teed

Both fnction and pm

Fnclioncrty

Both pm and friction

Fnctcn

optional

Pm and fncfion; tractor

Both pm and friction

optional

Fnction standard, pin

dard

Fnction and pm stan

Pm and fricOon

Pm and Iricdon

BoDl pir and (ncoon

Both fncrjon and pm

dard

Fnctoo and cm stan

Fnctionand pin

Fncbon

Pin and tractcr

Fnctionand pin

Fncbon

Friction

FncOon

optional

Friction standard. c<n

Typ.

9.5

425

9.5

N.A.

9.5

3.5

B.7

8.75

4.5

Width, In.

Max. Paper

£495

S2T9

5199

S389

$495

SI45

$499

S24995

undor S300

$449

SJ49

S44995

S0O.W19 10OOS3S9

SIM

S399

S495

SJM

S295

S275

inter S300

S349.95

S169.95

S119 95

S479

Retail Price

Suggested

WE CREATED IT. FAMILY COMPUTING RATED IT.

INTRODUCING "4 STAR" PUZZLE MANIA. Puzzle Mania" is a challenging jigsaw program for puzzle lovers. Puzzle Mania is also an inspired jigsaw program for puzzle creators.

Because in addition to the seven great puzzles on the disk, you can

create your own pictures on the screen, paint them in sixteen different colors and let the program turn them into puzzles to save on a separate disk.

Each Puzzle Mania puzzle (including your own creations) can be

played on six levels of difficulty. There's help when you need it. And

all turns are tallied. So you can lurn the puzzle play into competitive

play. If you have to part with a puzzle before it's finished, there's a stop-and-save feature built into the program, too.

Reader's Digest Software created Puzzle Mania for kids and their

friends and their parents and their grandparents and everybody else who likes fun and games. Look for it at your software store or call Customer Service at 1-800-431-8800. (NY: 1-800-262-2627: AK, HI: 914-769-7000: Canada: f.14-934-0751). SOFTWARE GOOD ENOUGH

TO GO OUT AND BUY A COMPUTER FOR.

wrihfiBio Ha0er\ Dwnl Sen™. I in-. M.trotom[>ul«Sc(l.»ri [)»i.™u .HtjwnMlk. N T IUTpTU funk Mima rum i* Applt* II. II Mm. lie. IfcHWl. Com™luir«<H. IBM* It ami PCir. DtikAw imlciilw nuniinrtwmHl. Pimil, Cnmputiittni pufdpcslKiniJ SrMj.iit. ]nc n. I™ Comm.i*Br ii i mruimd ludtmi.lol CtmtnoArr Ekttron«i Ijnmrf IBM ,i irgtilrfrt IrM-nurVol ImmulBnil Huiirmi H»rniiir\U«ii

Major Printer Manufacturers And Distributors If you are interested in finding out more about a particular printer, it's best to check with a local computer dealer first. If they don't have the informa tion you need, contact the

manufacturer or distributor listed here.

Commodore Business Machines 1200 Wilson Dr. West Chester, PA 19380 Computer Peripherals 6400 Canoga Ave. Suite 305 Woodland Hills, CA 91367 Com rex 3701 Skypark Dr.

Torrance, CA 90505

Alphacom, Inc.

2323 S. Bascom Ave.

Campbell, CA 95008 Apple Computer

20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, CA 95014

Axiom Corporation 1014 Griswold Ave.

5525 Olinda Rd.

Bldg. A El Sobrante, CA 94803 Epson America, Inc.

San Fernando, CA 91340

3415KashiwaSt. Torrance, CA 90505

Axonix Corporation

Everett/Charles Marketing

417 Wakara Way Salt Lake City, UT 84108 Blue Chip Electronics 7406E. ButherusDr.

Scottsdale, AZ 85260 CAL-ABCO Legend Peripheral Products 14722 Oxnard St. Van Nuys, CA 91401 Cardco, Inc. 300S.Topeka

Wichita, KS 67202

quickly. Some new thermal transfer printers do not require special paper.

Speed: How fast the printer prints, usually measured in

characters per second (cps).

Pitch: How many characters per inch (cpi) or characters per

line (cpl). This will vary in printers that are capable of

printing different sizes of char acters, like double-wide and compressed.

Buffer: Most printers can

"hold" a certain amount of text while printing what's directly ahead of it. In printers of this price range, this buffer is not

significant, averaging around one line (80 characters). 32

Data port Computer Products Research Facility

COMPUTEI's Gazelle

August 1984

Services, Inc. 6101 Cherry Ave.

Montana, CA 92335 Facit Data Products 235 Main Dunstable Rd. Nashua, NH 03060 Fujitsu America, Inc.

3055 Orchard Rd.

Integral Data Systems Milford, NH 03055 Leading Edge 225 Turnpike St. Canton, MA 02021 Micro Peripherals, Inc. 4426 S. Century Dr. Salt Lake City, UT 84123 NEC Home Electronics (U.S.A.), Inc. Personal Computer Division Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 Okidata Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054

Panasonic Company One Panasonic Way

Secaucus, NJ 07094 StarMicronics 200 Park Ave. Pan Am Building

New York, NY 10166 Swintec Corporation 23 Poplar St.

P.O. Box 421 East Rufherford, NJ 07073

Tandy Corporation/Radio Shack 1800 One Tandy Center

San Jose, CA 95134

Fort Worth, TX 76102

Hewlett-Packard

Trans tar

3000 Hanover St.

P.O. BoxC-96975

Palo Alto, CA 94304

Bellevue, WA 98009

The advantage of having a larger buffer is that it frees up the computer for use while the printer is printing.

little toothed wheels on either end of the platen. Tractor-feed paper is 9.5" wide, standard 8.5

True Descenders?: An impor tant consideration if you're

on either side for the tear-away

going to use your printer for anything more than informal

Maximum Paper Width: You may never have occasion to use anything other than standard typewriter or pinfeed paper. Some printers, though, accom modate wider paper, and a few aren't wide enough for regular

home applications. Do the "tails" on lower-case letters like q, y, and p actually descend be

low the iine? Feed Type: Two kinds are available. Friction feed is similar to the way typewriters hold paper. You can either use single

X 11" paper with an extra W

perforations.

paper.

Suggested Retail Price: Man ufacturers' suggested price at

sheets or continuous-feed rolls.

press time. Prices may vary

Tractor feed printers (some times called pinfeed) grip special

from dealer to dealer. Shop around, ffi)

perforated-edged paper with

If you're having a hard time getting organized, good news. here's some

The Home Cataloger."

More ways to use

With The I lome Cataloger, you can .set up a complete home inventory system 10 cross-file your wine, book and rec

The Home Cataloger: Orjwnize your stomp

ord collections. Or even keep your favorite recipes. Remember birthdays, anniversaries

and your Christmas card list effortlessly. You won't even have to try to recall who sent you a Christmas card last year— The Home Cataloger will tell you. And since it'.s .such a flexible and easy to use program, you'll be able to put it to work almost immediately. Even if

collection according to country, commem-

nralives, people, places mint, cancelled, orflrsi day categories, Catalog your coin

You'll also be amazed at the low price. If fact, you'll probably wonder what

you ever did without it. Available for: Apple II/JIc, Commodore 64, IBM PC/XT and PCjr.

For your free 64 page booklet, "Tips for Buying Software," and complete prod

And, find things easily:

Organized your wine collection by vintner, year, classification, district, grape, color,

uses: telephone list, Inventory, travel

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To help you out, The 1 lome Catalo^er

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Selecting A Printer Interface J. Blake Lambert, Assistant Editor

Perhaps the easiest way to set up a printer sys tem for your VIC-20 or Commodore 64 is to

purchase a Commodore printer. This way, you can just plug it in and have the special Commo dore graphics symbols and re verse-video characters. But if your needs are different—if you

want to print foreign language characters, use a wide variety of printing fonts and styles, define a large special character set, print scientific symbols,—you may decide to purchase another

brand of printer. To use a nonCommodore printer with a VIC

through a parallel port, which is like an eight-lane highway. That is, the printer wants to receive all eight bits of the data at once over eight separate wires. The interface is the junction where the number of lanes increases from one to eight. At this point in the road, each car chooses a different lane; the cars continue travelling as a group, but now

they are side-by-side. So, while the computer sends out the eight bits of data that make up a byte sequentially (one after the other), they arrive at the printer side-by-side and at the same time.

or 64, you'll probably need an

interface. Some printers have built-in interfaces, but most

Interfaces are tools used for

do not.

computer and printer. And they allow you to print your work in

Most non-Commodore printers need an interface to

work with a VIC or 64 because

the-computers send signals in a

form the printers can't under stand. The VIC and 64 commu nicate with peripheral devices (like printers and disk drives) through the serial port—all data is sent and received over one wire. Think of the cables from

the computer to the interface as a highway. The cars on this highway are the individual pieces of data the computer is sending to the printer—each one represents a bit of data. The computer sends out the signals

in groups of eight, called bytes; each byte represents one charac ter. We can think of the bytes as eight-car caravans. While the serial line..from

the computer is like a one-lane road, most printers receive data 34

COMPUTEfs Gazette

August 1984

communication between your

the form you want. Like

wrenches, interfaces come in many different forms. Some are

adjustable and some are not. Some are designed for special

high-resolution graphics. It al lows you to access the special character sets of your printer,

and to send codes to your printer to make it print special fonts or styles. Often this mode can be used just after power-up

to put the printer into a special state (for example, emphasized print or double-strike) before listing a program or printing a memo. In addition, some word processors recommend using the transparent mode to be able to

access all of the features of your printer. A slight drawback to transparency is that if your com puter is sending out Commo dore ASCII and the printer expects standard ASCII, the re sults may not be what you ex pect. Capital and lowercase

letters may be switched, for ex ample. You can usually avoid this problem with a short con version program. • Emulation. This is a must

for any printer interface unless

purposes, and therefore are not you plan to never use software as versatile. The key to selecting written by others for your Com the right tool, though, is know modore. Most commercial soft

ing what you plan to use it for. The most common features found in interfaces for the VIC

and 64 are transparent interfac ing, emulation, text handling,

listing, and special ROM (Read-

Only Memory) character sets,

ware written for the VIC and 64 assumes that you will be using a

Commodore printer. If you have a different printer and your in terface does not provide emula tion, some strange results can occur. Emulation allows your

Let's look at each of these in

printer to pretend it's a Commo

greater detail:

dore 1515 or 1525 by translating

• Transparency. This is a standard feature of printer Inter

the codes sent from the com

faces. It converts the serial data to parallel data without altering any values. This is sometimes called the graphics feature, since it is used most often to print

puter into the codes that will work with your printer. This is similar to translating a passage in British English to American

English: Most things remain un changed, but a few need to be

STOCK ANALYZ

your investment advantage!

Stock'Analyzer is the only complete portfolio manage

ment program for the Commodore 64. Designed to assist your investment decisions, through auto-

/matic calculations, it accurately records your stocks' performance, including: percentage and dollar gain,

loss, sales, purchases, splits, and more. At the touch

of a key a full series of statistical reports and ^^v charts can be generated for both individual stocks or the entire portfolio.

,.ock Analyzer is the advantage you need

to get maximum results from your money.

For Commodore 64

translated.

â&#x20AC;˘ Text. This function varies from one interface to another. In general, this function prints text normally, and handles special codes differently. Some inter

faces print special mnemonic

representations of these codes (see "Listing" below); others ig nore the nontext data altogether.

â&#x20AC;˘ Listing. Most interfaces

offer a special mode for listing

important as choosing a printer.

But if you know how you plan to use your printer, the decision

will be easier, (f you plan to do mostly word processing and

versatile interface which pro

vides listing mode, emulation,

semble many of the Commo

acter combinations would trig

ated by sending codes to the printer, redefining the pattern of dots for one or more characters.

ger the special features of the printer; you might suddenly go into another print mode, or even lock up in the middle of a

listing. (Selecting the wrong mode is an easy mistake to make, so SAVE your work

before you print it. This way, you won't lose the program if

the system locks up.) â&#x20AC;˘ Special ROM characters. The simplest printer interfaces do not provide a method of printing the Commodore graph

ics characters on other printers,

The printer then places the new pattern of dots where it would

have put the standard charac ter.) Remember that most word processors which allow you to select a specific printer from the menu (and most programs with special graphics) use the trans parent feature anyway. On the other hand, if you want to print Commodore graphics with no hassles, or if you want special features like

built-in screen dumping, you

but more expensive interfaces

will need to get a more expen sive interface. The key to

can access the Commodore

making the right decision lies in knowing what you want, what is available, and what you can afford. If at all possible, see the printer and interface at work to

do. They are able to do this be cause the graphic character set is permanently stored in ROM in the interface. This way you

characters at times, then switch modes and still be able to access the standard character set in the printer's ROM (or even access a

RAM set that you have defined

recently been replaced by the CARD/7B, which performs the same functions but is in a smaller housing. The CARD/7A is a

characters which closely re

where things like cursor moves and color changes are included

in the program. If it were not for the listing mode, some char

print"). The CARD/7A has

don't mind using the graphics characters in your printer's ROM, a simple interface will do. Some printers already have

dore graphics characters, and some allow you to define as many as 96 downloadable char acters. (These characters are cre

your programs, so you can see

Perhaps the best known of these interfaces is the CARDCO CARD/7A (pronounced "card-

gether before making a pur

chase. Also, consider whether or not the interface manufacturer

offers a trade-up policy, and in

transparent mode, and allows

for sending or omitting auto matic line feed codes. Mode selection is easy from

the keyboard or within a pro gram, and the interface works

well with word processing pro grams in both the emulation and graphics modes. To list a

program in upper/lowercase with line feeds added, for ex ample, you simply OPEN4,4,6:CMD4:L1ST

The 6 in the OPEN command is a secondary address. This inter face checks the secondary ad

dress to determine what mode to use. It also allows you to lock it into a mode, and stay in that

mode until you turn off the power. After the listing is complete, PRINT#4:CLOSE4

will redirect output to the moni tor screen.

The manual for the

CARD/7A covers the basics of printing, including a section on

sending control characters to the printer to initiate special print

features. It also contains a few short programs including a sub

vestigate what software is avail

routine that allows you to print

able for use with the interface.

a Commodore graphics charac ter if you wish. CARDCO also

reverse-video characters as well.

Some simple interfaces are able to print Commodore graphics with the proper software.

special ROM characters is the

There are many good inter

ing mode found on the lowestpriced XETEC (pronounced "z-tek") interface described later.

cally for the VIC and 64. For

beforehand). Note that not all

interfaces that offer Commodore

graphics allow you to print

One interesting application of

"correspondence quality" print

With all these features to choose from, it'seasy to see that choosing a printer inter face can be as difficult and as 36

COMPUTE! s Gazette

August 19BJ

faces on the market specifi many VIC and 64 owners, the most practical option is to pur

chase an interface in the $50 to

$60 range. These are the simple interfaces which don't provide Commodore graphics printing without additional software.

markets an excellent printer util ity program for use with the

CARD/7A, which may work with other simple interfaces. CARDCO says that the utility program, which provides screen dump functions, Commodore graphics, and banner poster printing, will work with the CARD/7B and the CARD/7 + G.

The CARDCO and XETEC interfaces draw power from the cassette port. However, this

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Each system includes:

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limited array of reports -- easily and quickly. YOU select the information you want, and YOU determine the sequence of the report column headings.

A program which can be used by itsell (stand alone), or can be interfaced, one at a time, with

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â&#x2013; Registered Trademark ol Commodore Computer Systems [ l9fl3Timewoiks. Inc. All nohts reserved

doesn't keep you from using the cassette unit because CARDCO and XETEC provide a special plug for tape users, If you don't plan to use a tape unit, though, you should wrap the contacts on the special cassette port plug to prevent damage to the com

puter from accidentally shorting the connections. Also, if you

plan to use the interface with the portable 5X-64 computer, the CARDCO and XETEC prod ucts will not work in their present forms because the SX-64 has no cassette port. One of the major complaints made about dot-matrix printers is the print quality. Op

tions like double-strike and em phasized print help, but many still feel this is not good enough. XETEC attempts to re solve this problem with what

they call "correspondence qual ity" dot-matrix print.

The "correspondence qual ity" print mode, which works with Epson and Gemini print ers, uses ROM characters within

the interface to perform double pass printing. But it is not the

same as double-strike because the dots that form the character on the second pass are not in

the same configuration as those in the first pass. Between passes,

the platen shifts upward 1/144 of an inch, so that the final character is a composite of the two dot patterns.

CARD/7 + G, the Tymac Con nection, and the Orange Micro Grappler CD. Each has special capabilities, so the choice is yours. All of these interfaces have transparent, total emu lation, and text-handling capabilities. TheCARD/? + G is similar in appearance to the CARD/7A, but it has ROM within to pro vide Commodore graphics, in cluding reverse-video characters. Printing graphics using the in

terface is not as easy as it first

would seem, though, and many times the spacing of a printout will not match that of the origi

nal on-screen representation. This is because the CARD/7 + G

leaves extra space between the graphics characters with some computers. So, if you print a picture with writing in it, the re sults are likely to be poor, un

less you find a way to correct for the spacing problem. The CARD/7+G has sev eral nice features not found on

the CARD/?A, though. Program listings are easier to generate, because the listing feature is in corporated into the text modes. This reduces the number of times you need to OPEN and CLOSE channels and change secondary addresses to select the mode you need. Another helpful feature of the CARD/? + G is the special mode that will print all charac ters sent through the interface

The XETEC interface has essentially the same capabilities as the CARD/7B, and XETEC offers an optional 2K print buffer ($10 extra, installed). A more expensive XETEC interface

as their hexadecimal equivalent. This is an especially useful fea

ture for machine language (ML) programmers, since ML pro grams are generally assembled

into hex code. The CARD/7 + G

offers the 2K buffer as standard, and adds Commodore graphics

also allows the use of the spe

and reverse graphics capabili

the VIC 1525 printer, including dot-addressable graphics. The internal DIP switches

ties, but does not offer the "cor respondence quality" option. Both XETEC interfaces offer transparent, emulation, and text-

handling options. Three popular interfaces

which will print Commodore graphics are the CARDCO 38

COMPUTEI's Gazotro

Augusl 19B4

cial commands available with

of the CARD/7 + G can easily be reset to allow changing the device number of the printer,

locking the interface in the "no ASCII correction" mode, and se lecting automatic line feeds.

Some of the switches tell the computer what printer is being used, and these should be set

before printing the first time. The DIP switches also insure

that if you need to use the inter face with another compatible

printer, you will get good

results. Like the CARD/7 + G, the Tymac Connection contains a ROM set of characters for pro ducing Commodore graphics. In addition, the spacing between the graphics characters is better. The Connection does not allow printing reverse-video text char acters, although it does print Commodore graphics characters in reverse-video.

Giving up the reverse-video characters has its advantages, though, as the Connection has an internal 2K buffer, which holds data until the printer is ready. In many cases, this will

free up the computer sooner, so that you can go on using the computer while the printout finishes. The Connection draws its power through the printer con

nection, so it will work with the SX-64. This method of drawing power is also less awkward in terms of the physical arrange ment of your computer system's components.

Unlike the CARD/7 + G, the Tymac Connection is printer specific. This means you need to order the Connection that con tains the ROM chip for your particular printer. Tymac sells replacement ROM chips, in case you later change printers. The manual for the Con nection is brief but thorough. Short programs illustrate the features of the interface and ex

plain the additional commands that are available in the emulate mode. These commands allow you to examine and change the device number of the printer, skip the perforation on the pa per, and set left and right margins.

The Connection also has a

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ready light, a reset button, and a printer test. The reset button al

lows you to recover from a sys tem lock-up without having to turn the computer off. Orange Micro's Grappler

CD is a sophisticated interface for the 64 only, which performs the transparent, listing, and text-

handling functions and has spe cial ROM characters. The Grappler CD plugs into the ex pansion port of the 64, but pro

vides its own expansion port, so games can use the port as well. The graphics generated by the Grappler CD are better than those on any of the other inter

faces we've seen. The interface removes the space between the graphics characters when printing

them, and there is also a text

The Grappler CD is con

the special functions are only

trolled by DIP switches and OPEN statements like other in

terfaces, but also allows you the option of sending commands in PRINT statements using what are called "Control-A" com mands. The Grappler CD re sponds to Control-A commands rather than sending them to the printer. This way, many text for

matting and graphics commands are available. For example, the Grappler CD allows you to fill the monitor screen with text or graphics, then print an inverse, rotated double-size image of the screen. Few if any other inter

faces allow you to do so much so simply. The interface is easy

don't run together. The Grap

pler CD does not print reversevideo graphics, but prints a normal graphic character wher ever a reverse one should be.

"The Rabbit"

for your VIC 20 or CBM 64

will need to remove them before running those programs

with the CARDCO interface, for example. For this reason, the

Control-A commands will be most helpful when used from the keyboard or in your per sonal programs. Machine language program mers can try out their skill with

the Grappler CD easily, since the manual contains an Appen dix of ML entry points. This way, you could add a section of

to use and the accompanying manual is excellent.

code in your ML program to perform a graphics screen dump

screen dump available, which

leaves the spaces in, so the letters

available to Grappler CD users. Programs written to use with other interfaces will work fine with the Grappler CD. But if you use the Control-A com mands in your programs, you

If you often share programs

(by loading the accumulator and

with friends, you should each consider purchasing similar in

ues, then JSRing to the starting

terfaces if possible. Since the

address of the graphics screen

Grappler CD uses commands embedded in PRINT statements,

S39.95

II you own □ VIC 20 or a CBM 6d and hove been

X-register with the proper val

dump subroutine). The Grappler CD does have

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[The Roobit for (he VIC 20 contains an expansion connector so you

• 9 Quick Read functions • Similar to our famous STCP Terminal package • Works with Commodore Modems and supports

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products are BusCard II (see re view elsewhere in this issue), INTERPOD, and C64 LINK. Amazingly, these units allow

the use of parallel, serial, and RS-232 (another standard

method of transmitting signals) devices. Since these products are much more than printer interfaces, we'll look at them in more detail in a future issue. Cardco, Inc.

313 Mathewson Wichita, KS 67214 CARD/7B $49.95

CARD/?+G $89.95 Micro Ware 1342B Rt. 23 Butkr, Nj 07405

The Connection $119 Orange Micro, Inc. 1400 N. Lakeview Ave. Anaheim, CA 92807 Grappler CD $139 XETEC, Inc. 3010 Arnold Rd.

Salina, KS 67401 XETEC $49.95 (with graphics, $79.95)

its limitations. It uses about 8K

of the 64's RAM to store hi-res screens, and the screen dumps will not print sprites, because of the way sprites are stored in memory. Also, the screen dump

feature can't be used when an other expansion cartridge is be ing used. It seems impossible to get a screen dump without also

printing the commands that generated it, so your picture of

the sunset will have PRINT'AG" somewhere in it. It is possible to screen dump from within a pro

gram without these commands appearing on the screen, but

only if the RUN/STOP key is still enabled. The Grappler CD comes in a well-designed housing, and draws power safely with no ex posed connections. In addition to the parallei printer interfaces we've covered, there are several other products

for the VIC and 64 which serve as interfaces but offer many other features. Three of these A2

COMPUTE'S Garotte

August 1984

User Group Update Kathy Yakal, Editorial Assistant

When writing to a user group

for information, please remem

ber to include a self-addressed, stamped envelope. Send addi tions, corrections, and deletions for this list to:

Citrus Commodore Users Group Ralph Julia no P.O. Box 1494 Inverness, FL 32651

Parsons Commodore User Group

(904) 344-2793

(316) 421-9210

Commodore Club of Augusta

Baltimore Area Commodore

David Dumas

929 N. Willow Wick Drive Grovetown, CA 30813 Board # (404) 863-7733 Stone Mountain User's Group-M (SMUG-64) John Chambers P.O. Box 382

SnelMIe, GA 30278

COMPUTE! Publications P.O. Box 5406

Greensboro, NC 27403 a tin: Commodore User Groups

Northwest Arkansas Computer Users Association Mike Mahoney

1556 N. Leverett #11 Fayetteville, AR 72701 Commodore Computer Club Joe Ragsdale

Pocatello Commodore Users Croup Gary R. North 82 Mountain Drive Pocatollo, ID 83204

Springfield Pet User Group (SPUG) Bui Eardley 3116 Concord Springfield, 1L 62704 (217)753-8500

Wilmington Area Computer Users Croup John Marshal

P.O. Box 301

Bonnie 3300 Main

Parsons, KS 67357

Users Group (Bay-CUO

Michael M. Broumberg

4605 VOGT Avenue

Baltimore, MD 21206 (301) 325-2156

Southern Maryland Commodore

Computer Users Group (SMCUG)

Stephen Quint is

4115 Cassell Blvd.

Pr. Frederick, MD 20678 (301) 535-5872 (301) 586-0386

Suburban 64 Users Group Ken Partridge P.O. Box 919

Islington, MA 02090 COM-BADES

Best Business Equipment Joan M. Evanosky 269 Lincoln Street

Worcester, MA 01605 (617) 829-2344

Wilmington, IL 60481

(815) 476-6575

P.O. Box 6000 So. Station

Ft. Smith, AR 72906 Harrison Users Group Dennis C. Lolsolet Rl. 2, Liar, Apt. #3 Harrison, AK 72601 (501) 741-3425

Canyon De Chelly—Four Corners Users Croup Larry Di Lurch io

Calumet Consulting Box 1945 Chinle, AZ 86503 (602) 674-3421

Valley Computer Club Marcia Esparza

P.O. Box 310

Denair, CA 95316

Lowell HS Commodore 64 Users' Croup Ben Lee

1566 9th Ave.

San Francisco, CA 94122

Commodore Users Group of Santa Cruz

Elli Gould

P.O. Box 8068 Santa Cruz, CA 95061-8068 (408 335-2082

(408) 476-0294

VI CD ore I Kits Group Wayne Sundstrom 326 Emery Drive

Longmont, CO 8050] (303) 772-2821 Ram Rom 84

Nancy Kenneally 1620 Morning Dove Lane

Englewood, FL 33533 (813) 474-9450

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COMPUTED Gazelle

August 19W

VIC-20/C-64

MODEM

Tri-C.U.G.

Mark D. Meyers P.O. Box 45

Bay City, MI 48706

(517) 893-6999

Michigan Commodore 64 Users Group, Inc.

[an Rooks

P.O. Box 539

East Detroit, MI 48021

300

baud

Originate/Answer • Full Duplex • Carrier detect LED

World's laweit cost modem. High performance Texas Instrument single chip modem design. Worti lor bath VIC-ZO and Commodore 64.

Plugs into user's port. Use with single or multi

line phones. Plugs into telephone Base.

300 baud. Direct conned. Originate/answer.

Akron Commodore Software Exchange Daniel Shibley P.O. Box 9243 Akron, OH 44305

(517)426-3520

Port Clinton—Commodore 64 Users

Cladwin, MI 48624

Young Peoples' Computer User Group (YP-CUG)

Dave Grost

200 North Foster

Lansing, MI 48917 (517) 321-4359

Includes Basic lilting of Terminal Program. Terminal Program available on tape, $4,95 and

The Commodore Club David Daniel Small don 7761 South Williams Road St. |ohns, Ml 48879 (517) 669-5963

Save VIC-20

Coastal Commodore Club Chris Elliott Waldoboro Village, Apt. 19

Full duplex. Carrier detect LED. Crystal controlled

cartridge, $19.95. Specify VIC-2Q or C-64.

Cartridge Programs on tape

Waldoboro, ME 04572

Platte Valley Commodore Users Group (PVCUG)

Jim Parts

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Gering, NE 69341 (308)436-3211

Adapter board lets you save VIC-20 cart

ridge programs on cassette tape and run tnem

Silver State Commodore Users Group Karen Douglas 5109 South Reeder Circle Las Vegas, NV 89119

and turning VIC-20 on and off.

Connecticut River Commodore User

using BK RAM board. Provides cartridge backup, eliminates plugging and unplugging cartridges

Include] adapter board that plugs Into expan

sion port and softwaro to save and run cartridge programs on cassette tape. Requires 8K RAM

Board (net Included).

RS-232 Interface for VIC-20/C-64 MFJ-1238

Group

Ronald Greenleaf

Charles town Community Room Charlestown, NH (603) 826-4183 Grey Locker User Group Mark Ford Littleton High School

Littleton, NH 03561

*3995

Bordentown Area Commodore Users Croup

Joe Griner 10 Spring St.

Provide! RS-232 voltage convBrslon (or

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VIC-20/C-64 serial port. Use V

RS-232 printers, modems, speech synthesizers and other RS-232 peripherals. Switch reverses transmit/receive lines tor DTEor DCE operation.

Use as null modem. Standard 25 pin RS-232 con nector. Plugs into user's port. Powered by com puter. 2MxZM inches.

VIC-20 Capacitance Mater Measure 100 pi to 100 Mid.

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Delta com Users Group 64 Joe Parifico Delta Video and Computer Center 248A North Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801 (914) 632-5500

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Cape Atlantic Commodore Users Group

B. ]. Chadwick 1440 Old Stagecoach Road Ocean View, NJ 08230 (609) 398-4044 Commodore 64 NJ Users Group Anthony Germinario 87 North Queen S tree I Bergenfield, NJ 07621 Rancocas Valley User Group M. Eisenbacher

P.O. Box 234

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Olympian Computer Club Paul A. Mullens Box 4277

APO New York 09223

Commodore 64 Software Group Michael S. Kimmel

3028 Verity Lane

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Group

2158 North East Catawba Road Port Clinton, OH 43452 Tulsa Area Commodore Users Group

Craig Bowman

7804 N. 117th E. Ave.

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Scranlon CUG Mark Davis P.O. Box 211 Clarks Summit, PA 18411 Wyoming Valley Commodore Users Group

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Oxford Circle 64 Users Group Roger Nazelev

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C-64 Users Group of Florence Scott Warren 115 Allen Road

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(803) 395-0270 EL PASO 64's

Joe Gross inger

2713 Dean Martin St.

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CEN-TEX Commodore Users Group Chris Peltier 1406 Alta Mira Kileen. TX 76541

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Commodore Users Group David M. Boyter Rt. 2, Box 278B Boydton, VA 23917 Burlington Area Commodore Users Group Steve Lippert 6 Mayfair South Burlington, VT

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Richland, WA 99352 Central Washington CUG

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755 THE QUEENSWAY EA5T. UNIT 8, MISSSSALJGA. ONTARIO. CANADA, L4Y 4C5

Campaign Manager

Todd Heimarck, Assistant Editor

This two-player national election simulation ranks as

one of the best games we've published. With the right strategy, your candidate can

make it to the White House. For the Commodore 64.

The Democratic delegates are gathered in Moscone Center, wearing straw

PLAVER

hats, carrying balloons and signs. The floor fights are done. The time has come to

FEftBODV

EPUBUCAN CAHDTDFTE

CHAR STAH INTL EXPR

nominate.

"Maryland?"

''Mister Chairmanâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the

REPUBLICAN CONTENTION

WiViVW.

8 IMFLN 123-456 7 CRIME 1234SG 8 AGRIC 123456 5 EOUCH 123456

APPL 3 DFENS 123456

great state of Maryland, The Free

State, Home of the World Cham

pion Baltimore Orioles, casts all of its votes for the senator from

In this game, the Republican player chooses the senator from Nebraska,

who has excellent charisma and intelligence.

Arizona."

The chairman pounds his

gavel. The din of cheers and jeers subsides. The convention is deadlocked. And you control a large block of uncommitted dele gates. It's all up to you.

The vice president from

Rhode Island has good charisma

and intelligence, but you know his health is poor. The reverend

from Arkansas is attractive, but a bit conservative. Although the

senator from Arizona is experi enced, he's not very smart. Per

haps the New Jersey doctor? No,

the Ohio senator has the best combination of personality and issues, plus you'll get a home re gion advantage in the populous Heartland. 46

COMPUTE'S Gazoilo

August 1934

Now it's the Republican's

turn. Of the five choices, the woman from South Carolina is the best all-around candidate. She has high charisma and fundraising appeal, which trans lates well into television ads. It's time to hit the campaign trail.

The Democratic senator starts with $9 million and 59

health points. He rests two days (to build up his health), then spends two days fundraising.

Campaign stops in Illinois and

Texas sway the voters slightly to the Democratic side. The Republican campaigns in her home state of South Caro

lina. She then moves on to

North Carolina, Virginia, and Florida, followed by a couple of days resting. As the campaign progresses,

the Democrat concentrates on personal appearances in the in dustrial northeast, plus forays

into the larger states such as Texas, California, and Florida. The Republican candidate does less actual campaigning, pre ferring to spend more time on fundraising to pay for the (ex pensive) television ads.

In the crucial eighth week, both candidates rest and fundraise in preparation for the last minute campaigning. The Demo

crat does a media blitz in the Pa cific, Southern, and Atlantic

SUMMER GAMES.

WHY WATCH THE OLYMPICS WHEN YOU CAN BE IN THEM?

'-r -â&#x20AC;˘

You're an Olympic athlete competing in eight key events at the Summer Games.

How well can you score in track, swim ming, diving, shooting, gymnastics and more? So realistic, there's even an Opening ceremony and awards presen tation after each event.

Unlike other "Olympics-Like" games, Summer Games has incredible realism, superb state-of-the-art graphics and sound effects (including national anthems from 18 countries), and it is a true action-strategy game. In each event you

must plan and execute your game

strategy in order to maximize your score. It is not just a matter of how fast you can move the joystick. So change into your running shoes,

grab your joystick and GO FOR THE GOLD!

One or more players; joystick controlled.

epyx Strategy Games for theAction-Game Player

states. The Republican hits the Heartland, Arklatex, and the Urban Northeast. Initial returns from New

England show the Republicans sweeping the region, but the large states of New York and

Pennsylvania went Democratic. The Republicans won most

states from Ohio to the Great Plains, but the Democrats picked up the Southern Atlantic states

and white television, the Repub lican states are the darker ones.

You may notice that states occa sionally switch back and forth, even though neither candidate

campaigned or advertised there. This indicates that the voters in that state are split down the middle, and because of slight errors in polling, seem to be

the GOP, while the rest of the

leaning one way or the other. Since you only have 63 days (nine weeks of seven days), you have enough time to

region went Democratic. The Rocky Mountain states were

campaign in each state once or twice. But in terms of electoral

solid Republican. The Democrats

votes, California (with 47) is far

(except Florida). Texas voted for

won the Pacific States. The final results show the

Republicans winning six of nine regions and capturing the presi

dency, with 315 electoral votes to the Democrats' 223. Three of the four biggest states voted Democratic, but Ohio and Illi nois (with 47 electoral votes be

tween them) made the difference. The TV ads in the last week moved these two key states into the Republican camp. Written entirely in machine

language, "Campaign Manager" pits you against an opponent. Each of you manages

the campaign of your candidate.

The player who makes the right decisions gets his or her candi date elected. You have nine weeks to campaign. Each week you plan your moves and enter them via

more important than some of

move a cursor around the coun

try, to identify which states are

which. If the Republicans are ahead, the state is red, Demo cratic states are cyan (tight

blue). If you're using a black 48

COMPUTE!'* Gazette

August 1984

at non-presidential elections, you

will find a lot of states that elect Democratic governors, senators, and representatives and then vote for a Republican president. And a lot of those basically Democratic states were split by

third-party campaigns (Wallace in '68, Anderson in '80). To even things up, and

electoral vote advantage of 282 to 256, although four of the

State

Electoral Votes

NY TX PA IL OH

36 29 25

24 23 20

Winning the election re quires 270 electoral votes (of a possible 538). The ten biggest

states account for 254, just 16 short of a majority. At the beginning of the

campaign, each state has a large pool of undecided voters. As the

for all of a state's voters to de

The MAP option allows you to

them to begin the game with a huge advantage. But if you look

Generally, it makes more sense to campaign more heavily in the ten biggest states, some times called "megastates".

ways to gain votes, campaigning

map of the U.S. which indicates which way each state is leaning.

Since the Republicans have won three of the last four elec tions (including a landslide vic tory in 1972), you might expect

make the game more playable,

game progresses, they make up

turn you see a medium-resolution

publican's two.

the smaller (three vote) states like North Dakota or Vermont.

the menu on the itinerary. You have two defensive moves, rest ing and fundraising, and two (personal appearances) and ad vertising on television. At the beginning of each

points there, compared to a Re

their minds and the pool dimin ishes. It's possible, but unlikely, cide before the end of the cam paign. You would have to go to

the state at least eight times before the undecided points were used up. Each state has a built-in

bias toward one party, based on past elections for president, sen ator, governor, etc. The District

of Columbia, for example, is staunchly Democratic, so the Democratic candidate will auto matically get seven campaign

the Democrats begin with an

megastates (PA, OH, FL, and

NC) are barely leaning to the Democratic side. The Republi cans have the advantage of be ginning with 29 of the 51 states (since DC has three electoral votes, it counts as a state). Most

of the states west of the Missis sippi are Republican, while the Democrats have most of the in dustrial Northeast and the South.

In addition to the natural political leanings, each state believes certain things about

five general issues: 1) unemployment/inflation, 2) poverty/crime, 3) agriculture, 4) education, and 5) defense.

(The issues are based on census reports, almanacs, etc.) A very urban state might be con servative on crime, but not care

much about agriculture, for ex ample. Each candidate has cer tain stands on these issues. When you campaign or adver tise in a state, you can get up to three extra campaign points for each issue, if you agree with the citizens there. Finally, the candidate you

choose has a campaign effec tiveness rating based on cha risma and intelligence. This factor translates to votes each time you campaign in a state.

You are the DragonHawk. soaring to attack — and

escape from — a host of flying monsters. Your mission

agonHawk1

is to destroy the giant fire-breathing serpent that has wreaked havoc on an entire mountain range.

Can you conquer the flying hordes of spellbound

monsters? Can you survive the lightning storms? Can

you discover the serpent's Achilles' Heel and survive to become Master of the Mountain Range?

DragonHawk is a fast action, fantasy game. Multi ple difficulty levels insure challenging play for even the most adept fast action fans. For the Commodore 64.

CREATIVE ■Commodore 64" is a [rademark oi Commodore Electronics. Ltd.

You might want to flip a coin, the winner choosing either a

because it is part of both cam paign effectiveness and advertis ing effectiveness. Stamina (STAM) rates your

party or to go first or second. In

candidate's health. A candidate

testing, we found that the sec ond player has the very slight

rest frequently to regain health

advantage of making the last

and strength.

move. Next, decide if one of you will start out as the cam paign manager for the president

points to campaign effectiveness

To start the game, choose

which party will go first.

Week 2: Reverend Walker rests, raises money, and campaigns in three Great Plains states.

running for a second term. Being incumbent gives you some extra campaigning strength, and is not recom

mended if you want an even

riftjju

■in;.i ii.m

NIL fl AOBlC ISJlir Sflcn ifjiii

4; Senator Pcabody hits Texas

twice and then jets to the West coast.

Since experience comes with

choice. If you don't own a joy stick, use I, J, K, and L for up, left, down, and right respec tively. Press M in place of the fire button. Players then pick which candidate will represent their

right of the candidate's stats is

the YES/NO counter. Before making your choice, pick NO for each possibility until you have seen all five.They will cycle around again so you can make your choice. The heart of the game is the actual campaign, but in some ways the convention is

■

.'!,.:!'■

i m as

Week 8: The Republican uses a poll to

discover that most of the Atlantic

states are barely leaning to the Democratic side.

COMPUTE! $ Gazette

August 1984

health, although stamina counts for more health points. Appeal (APPL) also contrib utes to fundraising appeals. But

if you have maximum appeal (eight) you may be tainted by your affiliations with special in terest groups, and there is a

backlash when you advertise. It's best to have an appeal of six or seven.

The candidates' attributes are generated by adding three

random numbers, so candidates are more likely to have a middle

number (four or five) than one

of the extremes.

The personality traits trans late into these five campaign factors:

Campaign Effectiveness

(CHAR*2 + INTL): the key fac

more important. Nominate a

tor in campaign stops.

terrible candidate and you'll spend most of your campaign

Strength/Health (STAM*4 + 9 - EXPR): determines the effectiveness of a rest day.

trying to catch up.

EbSJ B IHfLN lViy,C ^^^

he or she has more contacts and connections for raising money. age, it counts against your

candidates are available. To the

■ AiLMI KM

and last minute campaigning. Experience (EXPR) helps you with fundraising. If your candidate has lots of experience,

Note that all choices can be made with a joystick in either port. Move the pointer to a

party. Five randomly chosen

Week 6: After visiting the Heartland, the Democrat checks the map.

Intelligence (INTL) adds

game.

menu item and press the fire button twice to make your

i,-,,,i,i,r.

[HSR II (HUH l?3A-,l Jinn i ctiht i?j.is(

with low stamina will have to

A candidate's personality greatly affects the outcome of the election. In the lower left corner you'll see a list of five

attributes, each associated with a number from one (worst) to

eight (best). With a couple of exceptions, the ideal candidate is the one with straight eights. First is charisma (CHAR), which is personal magnetism, panache, the ability to influence and excite people. This is the

most important personality trait

Fundraising Appeal (EXPR*3 -I- APPL): determines how much money can be raised in a day.

TV Ads (APPL OR 8 + CHAR): translates into votes when advertising. Last Minute Campaigning (INTL + STAM): wins lastminute votes to your side after

the ninth week.

The significance of each factor is discussed later.

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Next to the personality factors are the candidate's stands on various issues. You see five issues, each with a sliding scale

of one {at the far left, represent ing liberal) to six (conservative). A Republican who wants to get tough on crime, for example, will have a rank of six. A Dem ocrat who wants to solve the

unemployment problem will have a rating of one. Candidates will range from two to five on the issues of agri culture and education. On the other three issues, the Demo crats will have stands from one

to four; the Republicans will go from three to six. You will generally get more

the right issues, a state may jump over to his or her side. In

addition, each gets a home state and home region advantage. You should develop a strat egy. If your appeal and cha risma are strong, concentrate on

television ads. If your candidate has a strong anti-crime stance, visit the more urban states. At

the very least, you should plan to visit each of the megastates. You begin in your home state where it is traditional to campaign once (but not twice).

And the first week usually means some fundraising and resting as purely defensive moves.

Under the week's itinerary

votes with middle of the road beliefs. Look for a candidate

are two numbers representing money and health. At the be

with twos or threes if you're the Democrat. Fours and fives are

ginning of each week, your trea

best for the Republican. The ex ception is agriculture and educa tion, where you do best with a three or a four.

Common sense tells you which issues are important in most states. Agriculture is a ma jor issue in the farming states. Your stand on defense makes a

difference in states with a lot of military-related industry. The candidate's personality is generally more crucial than the stands on issues. If you have

a lot of charisma, intelligence, and appeal, it doesn't matter

that you may have radical views on one or two issues.

If you have five very bad candidates, press RUN/STOP-

surer tells you how much money you have, up to a maxi mum of $25 million. Your per sonal physician figures out how

healthy you are. At most you'll have 255 health points. If you fall below $4 million any time during the week, tele-' vision advertising will be use less until you replenish the campaign coffers. If you have

less than one million, you won't be able to pay the pollster (the bar graph to the left of the map will disappear). When your bank account falls to zero, the campaign is paralyzed until you sponsor a fundraiser. You can't even afford to pay your doctor or staff. It takes time away from

RESTORE and try again. It's not

campaigning, but you have to raise money once in a while.

you are destined to lose.

Each fundraising point (expe rience times three plus appeal) is worth $200,000. Campaigning takes a lot out

much fun to run a campaign

After the nominees have been chosen, the first week be gins. You may notice that some states have changed colors. That's because each nominee gets the equivalent of campaign ing once in each state. Some people make up their minds

before the campaign even starts. If one candidate is much more charismatic, or happens to hit 52

COMPUTED Gaza/re

August 1984

of you, so you have to occasion ally take a day to rest and relax. When you decide to catch some Zs, the itinerary will be filled

with (you guessed it) Zs. Each day of rest adds double your strength factor, plus campaign effectiveness, plus the number

of states you are winning to the

health you have. A high cam paign effectiveness gives you optimism; you rest better. If you're behind, you lose sleep worrying about it. Resting two

days in a row gets you 16 extrahealth points. There are two reasons to keep your health up. First, when you campaign in a state, you get an extra campaign point

for every 32 health points you possess, Second, if your health

falls below eight you look hag gard and stutter; campaigning

does you no good. The treasurer counts dol

lars, the doctor counts your health, and your pollster counts votes.

The pollster does three things. First, you get a bar chart that shows how many electoral votes would go to the Demo

crats and Republicans if the election were held at that time. You can see it to the left of the

map. The gray bar marked U represents undecided states too

close to call. Second, you have a map of the U.S. to show you, at a glance, which way each state is leaning. Republican states are red; Democratic states are blue. These first two services are part

of the pollster's contract, and cost you nothing. Of course, if your money drops lower than one million, you have to stop paying the pollster; all you get is the map.

The third service is the most importantâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;regional polls.

To get a poll of all states in a re gion, move to POLL on the main menu and press the fire button twice. You'll see a bar chart showing which way each state in the region is leaning,

from one (half a character wide) to four (two characters). The poll reflects the political situa tion at the beginning of the week; whatever campaigning you have planned for the week is not included. A state with a

thin bar can usually be taken with a single campaign stop.

Don't use polls in the first

lust one more reason to buy Scholastic educational software for the Commodore 64. We really don't want you to buy Wizware™just for the price. Because

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most affordable families of educational

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let kids choose from alternate twists of

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Campaign once and you gain some votes. Stay for a sec ond day and the voters of a

state are flattered; you gain a couple of bonus votes. But stick around for a third or fourth day and you have overstayed your welcome. Do not campaign in a state more than two days in a row.

Although Walker won California and New York, (he Republicans have cap tured the Presidency, 325 to 213.

Each state begins with 255 un

decided voter points. Your main goal is to use campaigning

and television advertising to couple of weeks because most states start out fairly even and you won't learn much. But poll ing can be a powerful tool to

sway the undecided. And you

wards the end of the game. If

appearance can vary. You get

New York is firmly committed to you, forget about further ef forts in that state. And if you find a whole region weakly sup

up to three points for each issue

porting your opponent, you can hit them with TV ads and score

a few dozen electoral votes. Regional polls cost

$100,000 and are not available if you begin the week with less than $1 million. The final character (al though transparent) in your en tourage is the jet pilot. Your jet can carry you on short hops

within a region for almost noth ing. But if you travel to a new region, you shell out $100,000

for fuel, maintenance, etc. As long as you're in a region, you

might as well stay there a few

days to avoid a lot of travel ex penses. Again, you don't actu

ally move to a new region until you have campaigned in one of the states. You can use the travel option to conduct regional

polls; you'll pay $100,000 for the poll, and another $100,000

if you decide to campaign in a

region. If you travel to a region

to poll and decide not to cam

paign, you won't be charged for traveling,

Benjamin Franklin once said that after three days, guests and fish begin to smell. The same principle applies to campaigning, 54

COMPUTE'S Gazerto

August 1984

have to maintain your health and money. The effects of a personal

(if the state agrees with you), one point for every 32 health points, and up to 24 for your

campaign effectiveness (intelli gence plus double charisma),

and a two point bonus if it's your second day in the state.

If your money is down to zero, you get no campaign

points. If your health is below eight, you get a single vote. Each campaign stop de creases your health and money.

It's possible to run out in the middle of the week, making

each succeeding visit ineffective until you rest or raise money.

Let's say you go to Connecticut

and impress 23 of the 255 undecideds. The pool of avail

able voters is reduced by that number. Half of 23 (11 points) is charged against your health. Half again (5 points) times

$100,000 is subtracted from

your money. In addition, each

state has some people who

don't agree with you, so a quar ter of your total (five points)

goes to your opponent as a re

action against your speech. If

you had previously been in a different region, travel expenses

of $100,000 are subtracted.

Television advertising is a little different. It affects every state in the region, and quickly swings voters to your side. To

advertise, first travel to the re gion and make at least one cam paign stop to establish your presence.You can then place the cursor on TV ADS and press the

fire button twice. After cam paigning once, advertise as

much as you like. Unlike resting and cam paigning, the effects of advertis ing do not accumulate from day to day. If you advertise two

days in a row, you don't get bo nus points. Advertising does grow in strength from week to

week, however, and will be more effective towards the end

of the campaign.

If you flood the region with ads, it's possible to bring a whole section of the country to your side. But it is costly. In each state, advertising credits

you with half your campaign ef fectiveness, half your TV ads effectiveness rating, points for issues, plus two times the week

number (in week seven, for ex ample, you get 14 extra cam paign points). The cost is the usual one-

fourth of campaign points gained, plus double the TV ads'

effectiveness. The large regions can cost a tot. Going on TV in the Atlantic States (all nine) or in the Rocky Mountains (eight) can deplete your treasury.

On the day you plan to ad vertise, you must have at least four million dollars. If you don't, you waste the day and gather no new votes. So, if you

begin the week with $5 million, and campaign in six states, it's

likely you'll have less than $4 million by Saturday. Your ad campaign will do you no good. There is one more item you

can choose: RECONSIDER. If you make a mistake, this option wipes your itinerary clean so you can start the week anew. Your choices are not permanent until you fill out the seventh day and press the fire button. (If you pull down on the joystick, your slate will be wiped cleanâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; a quicker way to reconsider.)

Second, when you have

Main Menu Command Summary CAMPAIGN—allows you to make a persona! appear ance in one of the states of the region you're visiting. Re

sults depend on campaign effectiveness, built-in party bias of the state, health, and issues. Does not work if you have

zero health or money, or if all undecided voters have been

claimed. Gains votes, costs health and money. TV ADS—blankets the region with advertising. Re duces health and costs a lot of money, but can quickly de

liver a big chunk of votes. Net votes based on TV advertising effectiveness, campaign effectiveness, and issues. Does not work if you have less than $4 million.

FUNDRAIS—raises money for your campaign based on

fundraising ability. Takes a day, gains no votes, costs nothing.

REST—builds up your health points, according to strength factor. Extra points if you rest two days in a row. Gains no new votes, costs nothing.

MAP—moves the cursor around the map, prints the state name, electoral votes, and region number. For infor

mation only, costs nothing. POLL—provides a bar graph showing which way the

states in the region are leaning. Costs $100,000 (immedi

ately). Not available if money falls below $1 million. RECONSIDER—erases the week's itinerary if you make a mistake.

TRAVEL—takes you to a new region of the country. Costs $100,000 (not charged to you until you actually cam

most hectic. If you spon

sored some fundraisers in week eight, you will want to spend a lot on TV advertising in the re

gions where you have a chance. Polls can tell you which states are most vulnerable. After both candidates have finished their last week of cam paigning, a couple of things happen. The last region to be visited by a candidate gives a few extra votes to him or her.

And the last-week routine goes into action, as all the undecided voters make up their minds. Each candidate gets his or her last-minute campaigning points (intelligence plus stamina) added to each state in the coun try. The undecided voters are split between the candidates and ties are resolved (based on the built-in bias to one party or

prompt PRESS FIREBUTTON TO CONTINUE appears, let your opponent study what

moves you made, and he or she can then press the fire button. Third, since polls cost

money, they should be kept pri vate. When the other player is taking a poll, avoid looking at the screen.

Special Instructions For Entering Campaign Manager Since the program is written en tirely in machine language, you must use the MLX machine lan guage editor (elsewhere in this issue) to enter it. Before loading

MLX, you have to protect part of BASIC memory by typing the following line: POKE 642,50: SYS 58260

You'll then see the usual start-up message, but you'll notice less than the normal 39K RAM. Next LOAD MLX using a start address

of 2049 and ending address of 9518 and begin typing. The program uses about 10K, which was crunched down to about 7K

paign there).

The ninth week is usually the

filled out your itinerary and the

the other).

The map is drawn for the final time. The final bar chart

appears to the left (which should indicate at a glance which candidate won). Begin ning with region one (New Eng

land), the electoral votes are displayed, with region totals

below. The winner is the candidate

with the most electoral votes. There is a slight chance that

to make typing it in a little easier. Since it's such a long program, you may want to enter it in parts. If you choose to do so, make sure you follow the MLX

instructions for loading and saving, and enter the above POKE and SYS before you re sume using MLX. The newest version of MLX has a numeric

keypad, which should save you some time.

When you have finished

there will be a tie, in which case

typing Campaign Manager,

you'd have to flip a coin. If you

make sure to save it to tape or

want to play again, press RUN/ STOP-RESTORE and type RUN. Here are a few rules of eti quette which help to make a fairer game. First, if you're playing with

disk (maybe a couple of backup

two joysticks, try to avoid inter

the command SYS 2061.But you

fering with your opponent's choices. Remember, the joystick routine reads both joysticks.

don't have to remember the

copies as well). Turn your 64 off and then on, LOAD the pro

gram (as if it were BASIC), and type RUN. The first few bytes

look like a BASIC program with

SYS; it's built into the program.

See program listing on page 141. 9 COMPUTED GazBlte

Augus!1984

Balloon Blitz Michael T. Bohn

Floating along in your hot-air balloon is a nice way to spend a beautiful summer morning. But you've got a mission: To de stroy the enemy's tanks, which are threat ening your force's flank. Originally written for the 64, we've added a version for the VIC with at least 8K expansion. A joystick is required.

beautiful summer morning. And hoping the enemy stays out of sightâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;but you know they won't.

They're sending their best tanks (which are wily and evasive) to get to your troop's southern flank, and your job is to destroy them. If you're

skillful enough to stop the first wave, you're ready for the next game level.

Elusive Targets Alone in your anti-tank hot-air balloon, you're drifting along and enjoying the tranquility of a 56

COMPUTErs GazertB

Augjst 1984

At the beginning of each game, you are asked to choose a difficulty level from 1 (easy) to 6 (hard). After your selection, the action begins.

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With a joystick (port 2 for the 64 version), move your balloon right and left. You may in crease or decrease your flight speed at any time during the game by pressing any number from 1 (slowest) to 9 (fastest).

Drop bombs by guiding your balloon over an enemy tank and pressing the fire button. You're given 20 bombs to start. When you've dropped all of them, you're given a rank based on your hit/

miss ratio. It doesn't sound difficult, but the tanks are unpredictable and do their best to avoid your

bombs—and they can hide in the trees making it impossible for your bombs to do any damage. Also, the higher difficulty levels give the tanks more speed and direction options.

After your 20 bombs are expired, you're of fered the option to play again and choose a diffi culty level.

The initialization routine for the 64 version is

found in lines 100-165. Sprites, screens, and vari ables are set up in this section. The program then executes lines 2-14, the main movement routine. These lines read the joystick and move the bal loon, tank, and clouds—and remain in a loop un

til the fire button is pressed. If a press is detected,

control is passed to lines 15-32. This routine maintains all movement handled in the previcis routine, but adds the bomb with the correspond

ing sound. It also tests for a hit on the tank and, if one is made, passes control to lines 33-38. These

lines make the tank explode and return control to line 2.

If the tank is not hit, lines 15-32 go back to line 2 without going through lines 33-38. After 20 shots, the program executes lines 50-80, the endof-game routine and new game option.

VIC Notes The VIC version requires at least 8K memory expansion. Before loading the game (right after

the computer is turned on), carefully enter the

following two lines in direct mode (without line numbers): •

POKE POKE

The 64 Version

43,1:POKE 44,32:POKE 3192,0:NEW 36869,240:POKE 36866,150:POKE 6

4S,30:PRINT"tCLR}"

The original version, written for the 64, uses

sprites, which of course are unavailable on the

VIC. As a substitute, four short machine language

routines are used to move the balloon, tank, cloud, and bomb smoothly around the screen.

This bomb is right on target (VIC version).

The sprites are set up at the beginning of the program so execution is faster. Here's a rundown on each of the eight sprites:

Sprile

Description

DATA Lines

tree

bomb

217-219 210-212

2 3

cloud

220-222

tank explosion

207-209

tree

213-216 217-219 217-219

free

balloon

202-206

cloud

220-222

See program listings on page 149.

This evasive tank has gone into reverse as the bomb was released (64 version).

Sfl

COMPUTE'S Gazelle

August 1984

■

Available on the COMMODORE 64". Disc or Cassette

HINTS &TIPS

64 LIST Lockup Alan King

If you've discovered a clever, timesaving technique, or a brief but effective program ming shortcut, send it to "Hints & Tips," c/o computed gazette. If we use it, we'll

pay you $35.

you can make the computer lock up when some one tries to look at your program. Put these two tines at the beginning of your program: Line 1:

Type the line number and REM Type two quotes (SHIFT-2)

The Commodore 64 is subject to something

Delete the second quote Type CTRL-9 (RVS ON) and eight T's

pen, move the cursor to the line at the bottom of

Type 25 Q's

called the "strange lockup bug." To make it hap the screen. Now type anything to fill up two

complete screen lines. After the cursor has

wrapped around twice, scrolling the screen twice,

press the DELete key. If you have.a program in memory, it will run and the screen will say

READY, with a blinking cursor. But you won't be able to type anything. The computer is locked up. (Commodore's new portable SX-64 does not have this problem, which suggests that a solution has been found.)

This bug is not a problem if you do it on

purpose. But if you have been developing a pro gram for three hours, and have not backed up your work, it can be very annoying to lose every thing you just did.

One way to escape, if you own a Datassette, is to press the left SHIFT key and 3 at the same

time. You will see the prompt, PRESS PLAY ON TAPE, Press the play button, hit RUN/STOP and the computer will be back to normal. Let's take advantage of this bug. There are occasions when, for whatever rea son, you don't want people to LIST your pro gram. And with just a couple of program lines, 60

COMPUTEVs Gazelle

August 1984

Type SH1FT-M

Type back arrow (the key above CTRL) Press RETURN Line 2:

Type the line number and REM Type seven SHIFT-Y's Type two quotes and delete the second one Enter RVS ON and SHIFT-M Type 15 T's and Press RETURN

Now SAVE the program. If you try to list it before saving, you'll get the lockup. You should probably save a listable version

for yourself, in case you want to make changes some day. And note that while this prevents list ings, it does not affect LOAD, RUN, or SAVE.

People can still make copies of your program. And if you use this trick on lines one and two, the user can get around it with LIST 3 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; . Your best bet is to sprinkle these two lines throughout the program. The first line makes sure the cursor is at the

bottom of the screen. The second causes the lockup to happen. A REM followed by a quota tion mark puts the computer into quote mode. A reverse-T is then interpreted as a delete, reverse-

SHIFT-M is a carriage return, and so on. W

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Andy Keplinger

Nobody ever climbed Everestlilonhis.

if you can drive your super fast turbodnven tractor to the top in this game for the VIC and 64.

^np

rfr

hrrV" fnr a keypress, adds 1

TcTrrre-+Maexfclaj34..!ets 4! *e computer p continue.

I've changed this a little. l The new order is to go to the sprite movement routine, then continue with the normal interrupt routine functions. So

The Sno-Cat is a super-powered turbo-driven

now, every Vao second, it will move every sprite down a little and move the Sno-Cat.

tractor that can go zero to fifty in less than a sec

ond. It has a minor problem, however: It shifts its own gears. It starts in second, shifts into third

Two Things At Once

automatically after ten seconds, then into fourth

If you press RUN/STOP during the game you can

doesn't need to. It's difficult to maintain control in

fied interrupt routine is still functioning. Pressing

after fifty seconds. It can't go any higher, but it third gear, let alone fourth. Fortunately you have brakes, very powerful

brakes that will slow you down to almost zero in tricky situations. To stop overuse, the brakes (con trolled by the fire button or space bar) cause the distance meter to stop as long as the brakes are pressed. But the timer still runs, so your time may

be impaired by using the brakes too much.

Internipt-Controlled

If you look at the main routine, you may notice

there are no statements for controlling the player or the trees. These are controlled by an interrupt routine in machine language, those first few lines of data (lines 10-64). The routine automatically moves sprites 1 through 7 down the screen and moves sprite 0 (the Sno-Cat) according to the joy stick's position.

An interrupt routine is a special program that is run every l/eo second. The computer's normal interrupt routine is used to read the keyboard

and update the values in the timer. It's called an interrupt routine because it stops whatever the 62

COMPUTE! s Gazelle

August 1984

move the joystick around and see that the modi RUN/STOP and RESTORE together returns things to normal.

The first reason for an interrupt is speed. With an interrupt routine, the computer can pro cess a BASIC program and still execute the sprite movement routine at the same timeâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;in effect, doing two things at once. The second reason is for smoothness in movement. This routine is performed every Veo second while the BASIC portion of the program is completing a loop about ten times a second. Without an interrupt routine, the sprites would blink and jump around the screen. The machine language data is broken into

two parts, but only the first part is called from BASIC. It simply tells the computer to add the sprite routine to the normal interrupt sequence.

Sprite Movement The second part is the sprite movement routine it self. It starts at memory location 841 and is bro ken into two more parts. The first is the machine language equivalent of this BASIC program:

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Programmer's Notes: VIC

D 1ST 334

Version

T IME 024

Kevin Mykytyn, Programming Assistant

The VIC version of "Sno-Cat" is divided

S N

into two parts to fit into the unexpanded VIC (be sure to remove or disable any mem

ory expanders). The first, Program 2, POKEs

in machine language and redefined charac

ters and then loads the second part, Pro gram 3, which is the main portion of the game. For the autoload feature to work

1 Distance and time are displayed as you maneuver the Sno-Cat up the mountainside (VIC version).

properly, Program 3 must be saved on tape or disk with the name SC. Tape users must

MEMSTABT =

gram 2 on the same tape.

FOR X=l

A=PEEK(MEMSTART):REM GET

change the 8 in line 100 to a 1, and should save Program 3 immediately following Pro

SPRITE

RTICAL

53251:REM VERTICAL 1

7:REM

COUNT

A=A+2:IF A<256

THEN

A=251:REM A

251

FROM

>255

IN LI

40 VERTICAL

SPRITE

POS.

NEXT SPRIT

POS.

80 NEXT X:ENDsREM E

70 MEMSTART=MEMSTART+2:REM GST E

SPRITE X'S VE

IF A WAS

POKE MEMSTART,A:REM PUT A S

POSITION

BACK AROUND UNTIL SPRIT

REACHED

The second part moves a sprite right- or left according to the joystick input. If you don't have a joystick, use the CTRL key for left and the 2 key for right. The space bar can be used to apply

the brakes. There is no special provision for this

in the program; it is built into the computer's key board reading routine.

This version includes a slope littered

with rocks in addition to the trees, so there are more obstacles to be avoided. Large

multicolor characters are used for the trees, rocks, and the Sno-Cat, in place of the 64's sprites. The Sno-Cat character is moved

with an interrupt routine as described in the 64 version, but the trees and rocks are scrolled in BASIC. The Sno-Cat is steered

with the Z (left) and X (right) keys.

The major difference from the 64 ver sion is that the VJC Sno-Cat has no brakes. Instead, you select from ten difficulty levels at the start of the game. This way you don't have to deal with a runaway tractor when you're just learning how to play, but you can still increase the challenge of the game as you become more proficient.

BASIC Program Parts The BASIC part of the program is broken into five parts: the main routine in lines 150-180, the opening screen in lines 400-880, the instruction

screen in lines 1000-1180, the YOU MADE IT screen in lines 1500-1700, and the YOU CRASHED routine in lines 3000-3240. All of these, except the instruction screen, call the tree scroll routine.

If you would like a copy of the program on â&#x2013; PRESS iftLtt TO START

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Pressing the fire button puts you immediately in the res

Andy Keplinger 251 Upper Grassy Hill Rd. Woodbury, CT 06798

cue chase (64 version).

See program listings on page 134. <S

COMPUTES Gazelle

August 1984

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COMPUTING

What Makes Good Software? Fred D'fgnazia, Associate Editor

Courseware Report Card What does a parent look for when shopping for software for the family? What kind of software should a teacher look for?

One of the best guides to educational software is the Courseware Report Card, published in Cornpton, California. (The Report Card was recently absorbed

by PC Telemart of Washington, DC. When parents and teachers go shopping for new software they can ask the same questions asked by the Report Card's reviewers. For example, what is the software's:

• subject area

• age/grade level • medium (tape, disk)

• publisher's address • type of program (drill, tutorial, etc.) • type of computer (computer, memory size, etc.) • price

Next a parent or teacher should evaluate a program's: • performance • en-or handling

• documentation • ease of use • appropriateness

• educational value 66

COMPUTE! $ Gazette

August 19BA

"Documentation" and "ease of use" are selfexplanatory categories. "Performance'' means how flexible the program is, how quickly it fills screens full of words and pictures, how quickly it saves and recalls information, etc. "Error handling" is what the computer does when a person types an unexpected button (for example, RESET). "Appro priateness" is how appropriate the software's

methods are for teaching a certain subject. For example, it would not be especially appropriate to teach map-making with an all-text program.

"Educational value" means what learning the pro gram actually promotes. Does it help a child learn how to follow directions, determine cause and effecty leam how to spell or do addition problems, tell his left hand from his right?

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A Look At Tess The EPIE {Educational Products Information Ex change) and Teachers College of Columbia University have just published TESS (The Educa tional Software Selector). TESS is the size of our Roanoke, VA, phone book, and is filled with descriptions and evaluations of educational soft ware. Many of the evaluation and description

categories are the same as those employed in the Courseware Report Card, However, TESS also recommends that you look at a program's:

• uses (home, classroom, both? remedial, curriculum?)

• grouping (is the product best used alone or in a group?)

• lesson length (time to complete a lesson or session with the computer)

• record keeping of the learner's progress • copy protection

• printed components—workbooks, stickers, maps, etc.

• user site (other users of the product who can be contacted)

More Basic Guidelines To this list of basic guidelines I would like to add some of my own: First, when you shop for soft ware, you should look for a warranty card. A war ranty gives you some guarantee that you can

return the software or get a full refund, in case

the software is defective. Most warranties range from 30 to 90 days.

Second, you should look for a replacement

disk offer. If, for some reason, the disk gets dam

aged, you will not want to pay full price for a replacement disk. You should be able to order a disk from the company at a low price. Third, you should look carefully at the pack age and the documentation. The writing in both

should be clear and low-key. It should explain, in simple language, what the program does. Both

should have full-color screen shots that show you

exactly how the program looks when it is running

on the computer.

Fourth, look to see if the software offers self-

teach and help features. Newer programs are substituting these features for lengthy printed manuals and guidebooks.

When you turn on the computer, a menu of program options should appear on the screen.

One of the options is a tutorial. If you choose this option, the program teaches you about itself. Ad vanced programs feature several tutorials that

gradually teach you more and more sophisticated

features of the program. You learn by hands-on 68

COMPUTERS Gazelle

Augus! 1984

experience with increasingly sophisticated and complex versions of the program, until, at last, you are using the program at the "expert" level. Newer programs also offer a HELP key. Whenever you are stymied and don't know what

to do next, you just type HELP. The program hopefully will show you just what you need to know to make your next move. The instructions

or hints should be in regular English, not in cryp tic programmer jargon.

Last, you should look for a hotline phone number. If the program does something un

expected, or if it looks like you have made some kind of disastrous error, the dealer (where you bought the software) may not be able to help you.

In that case, you will need to go back to the source—the program's manufacturer—to advise you on what to do next.

Do-It-Yourself Guidelines Software is a swiftly evolving medium whose

potential we have barely begun to tap—or under stand. Software is hard to evaluate because we are not sure what it can already do.

All the guidelines I've given you are basic rules of thumb that you can use when you pur chase a new program. But these are not the only guidelines you should follow. In fact, with a little effort, you can create your own. If software were a static form of art, entertainment, instruction, and communication,

we could draw neat boundary lines around it. Critics and experts would quickly emerge and de scribe what lies within the boundary lines and

what lies without. Fixed standards to help us tell good software from bad could be created and need never be changed.

But experts and standards, though already in great supply, are only of limited use. Software is moving and growing too quickly for us to accept any rigid standards or any critic's pronouncements

as gospel. This is why it is important for you to be your own critic. How do you and your family react to

the software? What do you notice that's good (or bad) about it? What are your gut feelings? What do you notice about the software that is a sur prise—something you never read about and didn't expect?

Getting Intimate With Your Software As serious computer users, we are all becoming

on-the-job software critics and software experts. We have never been to software school or taken a course in "Software Appreciation," but we are gradually discovering software we like and soft-

ware we don't like. We are learning to recognize features in a program that we find attractive.

Many of our opinions and observations about

software are highly personal. That's because soft ware is not like a head of lettuce or a light bulb. There are many different kinds of lettuce and light bulbs, but most of us agree on what makes a head of lettuce rotten or delicious, or a light bulb bright or burnt out.

But software is different. It is more like music, movies, and books. Or like statues, paint

didn't think was possible. Third, humor. I always prefer a light, airy pro

gram to one that is somber, dreary, and dull. I'm not sure that I want a program to be a wise guy all the time. That would get tedious and irritating. But a program that makes me and my kids laugh, even occasionally, is a definite hit in our house. Fourth, process vs. product. 1 used to tell people that the computer is just an immature appliance. That one day, when it has grown up, it will be just as invisible as a refrigerator is when

ings, and plays. Twenty people might work with

we want to get at something inside.

the same program and have twenty different re actions. Ultimately, our impression of a given program will be very personal, and, in part, sub

of the fun of computing, for me, is not in getting

jective. Our means of judging the software will be based on our gut reaction and an intuitive

comparison between this particular program and the dozens of other programs we alone have used.

And perhaps "used" isn't even the right word. We don't use software the way we use tis sue paper or scotch tape. And we don't consume

software the way we consume potato chips or soda pop.

Instead, we establish a relationship. We meet the software, get acquainted, then play with it or work with it. As we become more familiar with the software, we become more intimate with it. Our relationship ceases to be conscious and be comes almost second nature. Our relationship with the software evolves each time we get to

know it at a new level.

Charm, Humor, And Wonder My family and I have used dozens of software packages in the seven years since we got our first microcomputer. Most of the programs we have used have been educational. Here are some of the informal criteria I have come up with from watch

ing the way my family interacts with software. First, charm. Charm is one of my most im portant criteria for evaluating new programs.

Charm is something intangible, but when a pro gram has it, you know it. It makes you smile; it makes you feel good when you use the program. It makes the program delicious. It might be a cute

little bit of music, letters that look like puffy doughnuts, or the way the program "talks" to you in a voice all its own. Second, wonder. I like programs that surprise me, startle me with their intelligence and their imaginative responses to my stumbles and bum

bles, my muddling thought, and my queries. Pro grams provoke a sense of wonder in me when they outpace my expectations. The wonder might

But I'm not sure I believe that anymore. A lot the job done but in the doing. It is in process, not

product. Programs that charm me the most don't just reward me if I get the right answer, they re

ward me even before I get the right answer. The reward I get isn't just in completion of the task, it is the fun and joy I feel on the way. Last, treating me like a human being. I think that the fault with many programs is that their ideal user is not a human but a computer. These programs treat the human being like a computer

instead of like a person. Exchanges between the person and the computer are reduced to transfers of dataâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;dry, stuffy streams of bits and tidbits that turn computers on but leave people cold. But I like a program with pizzazz. The more personality a program gives a computer, the more human, warm, humorous, and intimate the ex changeâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and the more I like it. After all, I am a human being. I am not a computer that operates

on only one, dry, cerebral wavelength. Instead I

am a creature of many wavelengths and many dimensions. I am a sensing, feeling being, and I

like to be treated as suchâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;by other people and by programs. A program that recognizes my human nature makes me more productive, and also hap pier and easier to get along with.

What Do You Think? I would like to hear your response to this month's column. What are important criteria that you use to

evaluate new software? Did you find those criteria here?

What makes programs extraordinary, and what are some extraordinary programs? What are some features you think should be included in programs but still haven't been invented? What do you think about the "do-it-yourself" method of software evaluation? What guidelines do you recommend? Send your comments to:

come from the speed of a program's footwork, or the neat, original way it handles a mundane task,

Fred D'Ignazio

or from watching it do a backward handspring I

Roanokc, VA 24015

2117 Carter Road, SW Iff COMPUTEI's Gazette

Augusl 1984

Sprite Magic: An All-Machine-Language Sprite Editor Charles Brannon, Program Editor

Sprites make animation on the 64 fun and easy to program. But actually drawing and creating sprites with graph paper can be tedious. "Sprite Magic" simplifies their creation, and lets you concentrate on the artistic aspects of sprite design.

on a grid 24 squares across and 21 squares high. This is three bytes per row (8 bits*3 bytes = 24

bits) and 21 rows of bytes (3*21 = 63 bytes). But after you've drawn the sprite, you have to con vert the squares into binary, and then into deci mal so that you can put the numbers in DATA statements.

Most of the what you've read about sprites covers how to program them: setting them up, protecting memory, moving and animating them, and using them in games. But sprite design is usually left up to you.

A sprite is defined by 63 binary numbers. The one bits (on) represent solid pixels. Zeros (off) represent blank areas in which the screen back ground is visible. Normally, you sketch a sprite

짜

There are utility programs that will do the conversion for you, even editors that let you clear and set squares with a joystick. Since you're using a computer, other functions can be supported to

let you clear, invert, reflect, reverse, shift, and test out your sprite. The more work the computer

does, the less you have to think in terms of binary numbers. Sprite Magic offers the best features of most sprite editors, including true multicolor mode,

Alternating between two similar shapes creates the illusion of motion. 70

COMPUTE'S Gaze/IB

Augjsl 1BB4

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and pulls it off with the speed and power of an all-machine language program. Sprite Magic's style (and even some of the coding) is

■ ■■■■■■■■iiiiiiimiiiii

similar to "Ultrafont +," which appeared in last month's issue. Many of the commands are the same, so you can get up to speed quickly. If

you've learned how to use Ultrafont +, it won't take much to become comfortable with Sprite Magic.

Typing It In Since Sprite Magic is an all-machine-language program, you cannot enter it as you do a BASIC

program. We've included MLX, a machine lan guage editor, in this issue for use with this pro

gram. If you haven't used it before, read the

explanation of its use and commands. After you've typed in MLX, run it, and an swer the prompts of Starting Address and Ending Address with 49152 and 51851, respectively. You'll then be ready to start typing in Sprite

Magic. Type in each line from the program listing. The last number in each line is a checksum, so type it carefully. If the checksum you've typed matches the checksum computed from the line

Sprites can be used as custom cursors and pointers.

manner. One fine point: With the joystick, you can hold down the fire button and move the cursor. If the first point you change was set, then

the fire button will continue to set points as you

move the joystick, regardless of the other points' original state. If the first point you change was

you typed, a pleasant bell tone tells you you've typed the line correctly. If the number doesn't

empty, then you can hold down the fire button

match, a buzzer warns you to re-enter,the line. This way, you should be able to type in Sprite

passes over. Notice how any changes are im mediately visible in the actual sprite.

Magic correctly the first time.

If you've just entered Sprite Magic, the grid is probably full of garbage pixels. To clear out the grid for a new picture, press SHIFT-CLR/ HOME. You now have an empty area {a fresh

Assuming you've typed and saved Sprite Magic, here's how you get it up and running, If you used the filename "SPRITE MAGIC", type: LOAD "SPRITE MAGIC',8,1

(for disk)

LOAD "SPRITE MAGIC',1,1

(for tape)

Be sure to add the ,1 to the end. After the com puter comes back with the READY message, type NEW and press RETURN. This resets some im portant memory locations, but leaves Sprite Magic

in its protected cubbyhole at SC000.

Doodle Activate Sprite Magic with 5YS 49152. Instantly, the main screen should appear, with a large 24 x 21 grid. The grid is a blow-up of the sprite you are editing. The actual sprite will be seen to the right of the grid. The flashing square within the large grid is your cursor. Move the cursor with either the cursor keys or with a joystick

plugged into port 2. To iight up a blank spot {in other words, to turn that pixel on), press either

the space bar or the joystick fire button. If the square is already lit, it will turn dark. This sig nifies that the pixel has been turned off. The but ton or space bar thus toggles points on or off.

You can draw your sprite quite easily in this 12

COMPUTE!'* Gaiette

AugusM984

and move about, clearing anything the cursor

canvas, so to speak) to draw upon. You can press CLR/HOME without holding down SHIFT to home the cursor to the upper-left corner of

the grid. Does the cursor move too slow or too fast? To change the velocity (speed) of the cursor, press V. Answer the prompt with a number key

from 0 (slow) to 9 (very fast).

Shift, Expansion, And Symmetry Sometimes when you're drawing, it's necessary to reposition the shape within the grid. The first two

function keys let you shift the sprite shape around within the grid. If you shift something out of the grid, it wraps around to the opposite side. The fl key shifts right, f3 shifts down. Use the SHIFT key along with the function key to move in the opposite direction: f2 moves the sprite shape left, f3 up. After you've drawn something, press F. In stantly, the sprite is flipped upside-down. Press it

again to flip it back over. Remember F as the command for Flip. Now try M, for Mirror. The shape you've drawn is mirrored left to right. Of course, if you've drawn something symmetrical,

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you may not see any change.

Now try CTRL-R or CTRL-9. The sprite will

become reversed. Every square that was on is now turned off, and vice versa.

A sprite can also be expanded or contracted

either horizontally or vertically, or both hori zontally and vertically. The X and Y keys on the keyboard let you do this. Press X to switch from wide to narrow, or vice versa. Press Y to switch from tall to short, or vice versa. Regardless of your choices, the main grid will not change size or proportion.

An unusual command is Symmetry. I added this command after some suggestions that many shapes are symmetrical from left to right, as if a mirror were put in the middle of the grid. To en ter the Symmetry mode, press the back-arrow (•-)

key (found in the upper-left corner of the key board). Now, every square drawn on one side will be instantly mirrored to the left. Blank squares are not copied over, though, so you can not erase in this mode. This command is not only quite useful, but is also a great deal of fun to play with. To return to normal editing, press the back-arrow key again. Notice the number in the upper-right corner

of the screen. This is the sprite page number, which can range from 0 to 255. You start out at the top of the sprite memory. The + and — keys are used to go forward or backward through sprite shapes. Press the minus key and see how you now have a new shape in the grid.

There is a limit to how far back you can go. If you have no BASIC program in memory, you can step back to sprite page number 32. However,

character information resides in sprite pages be low 128. You can still clear the page and draw a sprite shape on pages below 128, but it won't really register. To be safe, use only the sprite pages from 128 on up. If you have a program in memory, Sprite Magic will not let you step back past its end. This protects your program from

being accidentally overwritten by a sprite shape. If you want maximum space available for sprite shapes, be sure to NEW out any BASIC program before you SYS 49152. You'll sometimes want to

keep a program in memory, however. We'll show you why a bit later.

Programming note: The sprite page number, when multiplied by 64, gives you the starting memory location for the 63 numbers representing

the sprite.

Put It In The Butter You might use Flip to design two views of a shape, such as a spaceship pointing in two direc tions. Draw one freehand, then do the other with Flip. Mirror can be used to design separate left 74

COMPUTE'S Gazetta

August 1984

and right views as well. But what you first need is a way to copy the original shape to another sprite

area. One way to do this is to copy the sprite

shape to an area of memory (a buffer). You can

use + or — to step to another sprite page, then copy the buffer to the sprite. This, you may

remember, is the way you copy characters with Ultrafont +. The same keys are used in Sprite Magic. Press f7 to copy the sprite to the buffer.

The grid flashes to affirm this. Then go to the sprite page where you want to put the copy and

press f8 (SHIFr-f7). The shape in the buffer re

places any shape already in the sprite grid. You can also use the buffer as a fail-safe device. Before modifying an existing sprite, press f7 to save it in the buffer. Then, if you mangle the sprite, or acci dentally erase it, you can recall the previous shape from the buffer.

Computer Disney? The buffer is also useful for animation. Since you can change sprite pages so easily, you can also use Sprite Magic as an animation design tool. Car toons make only minor changes between frames. Too much change makes the animation jerky. So put the first frame into the buffer, copy it to the next area, then make a change. Put the new im age into the buffer, copy it again to a new area,

then make another small change. Continue in this fashion as you build up a whole series of frames. Put different but similar shapes on adjacent pages,

then hold down plus or minus to step through the shapes. As with cartoon animation, you will get the illusion of motion. Use a cursor velocity of 9 for maximum speed. So even if you don't care to

program sprites, Sprite Magic is a fun tool for making moving cartoons.

A Bit Of Color The normal drawing mode lets you set or clear points, but in only one color. If you're willing to give up half as many horizontal points, you can have four colors to work with. Multicolor mode lets any square be one of four colors, but gives

you only 12 pixels across instead of 24. This is be cause two dots are grouped together to give four combinations, The colors come from four memory locations: Pattern 00 01 10

Color location 53281 Background color register 53285 Sprite multicolor register 0 53287Sprite color registers 53294

53286

Sprite multicolor register 1

There are two multicolor sprite registers, which are shared between all sprites (in program ming, but not in Sprite Magic, you can have eight sprites on the screen at the same time). The bit

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■>•■•■•!«■■

»•••»»

■■■■aiiie

color you're drawing with. If you want to change

one of the four colors, hold down SHIFT while you type the number. The prompt ENTER

■■■■■■■■

IHIIIII

■ ■■■■Ml Illlllllt

■■■■■■■■1

tiimnii

■■■■■■■in mnmiiii ■■■•■•■■it

■■■■■■■■■■u ■■•■■■■■i

COLOR KEY appears. Now you have to enter an other key combination. Press CTRL and one of the number keys from 1 to 8, or hold down the Commodore key and one of the number keys

from 1 to 8. These are the same key combinations you use to change the text color in BASIC. You

can also change the screen background color by pressing the letter B on the keyboard until the color you want appears.

Some Sprite Magic commands act strangely

in multicolor mode. For example, a shift left or

shift right {done with the fl and f2 keys respec An illusion, done with symmetry. Is it a vase or talking

tively) moves the sprite over by only one bit,

which changes the color assignments. In general,

heads?

you must press fl or f2 twice to preserve the same colors. Pressing the M key {for Mirror) re

pattern marked 10 is unique to each sprite, and comes from that sprite's own color register. Pat

verses the bit pairs, so that every 01 becomes a 10. The effect is that colors 2 and 3 are ex changed. The R key (Reverse) also inverts the bits, so that 01 becomes 10, 10 becomes 01, 00 be comes 11, and 11 becomes 00. Colors 2 and 3 are

tern 00 is blank, and whatever is underneath the sprite shape will show through.

The reason for this sojourn into bits and ad dresses is that only the 10 bit pattern has a unique color for that sprite, If you're designing several sprites for a game, remember that any thing drawn in that color can be changed individ ually for each sprite. Squares drawn with bit pattern 01 or 11 will be colored from two loca tions shared by all sprites.

Many sprite editors let you see how the sprite would look in multicolor, but you still have to pair up the pixels yourself, and keep track of bi nary bit pairs. No fun! Instead, Sprite Magic offers

a multicolor mode. When you press f5, the screen instantly changes. Each square in the grid is now

rectangular, two squares wide. The cursor has also been enlarged, and can be moved about as before in the new grid. But the way you set and clear points has been changed, since you are now working with four colors.

Multicolor Palette The fire button or the space bar always sets a point, but you have to tell Sprite Magic which color you are currently drawing in. The number keys 1 to 4 select the drawing color. The number you press is one number higher than the binary

value of the bit pairs in the table above. The 1 key, for instance, chooses the 00 bit pair, which represents the background color. In practice, you are choosing from a palette of four colors. The 1

key can be used when you want to erase, al though the fire button can still be used to toggle points on and off.

When you press a number key from 1 to 4, the border color changes to remind you which 76

COMPUTE!5 Gazelle

Ajgust 19S4

switched, as well as colors 1 and 4.

If you want to go back to normal (nonmulticolor) mode, press the i6 key (SHIFT-f5). There's nothing to prevent you from designing both normal and multicolor sprites on different pages.

If you changed colors in the multicolor mode, some of the colors in the normal mode may have been changed. You can alter these col ors as in multicolor mode. Press SHIFT-1 to change the color of the empty pixels, and SHIFT 2 to change the color of the on pixels. (You'll be prompted to press a color number key after each SHIFT-1 or SHIFT-2 combination. Remember to press either CTRL or Commodore simultaneously with the color key.)

Mobilizing Your Sprite If you want to try out your sprite in action, press J (for Joystick). You can now move the actual sprite

around with the joystick. The speed of movement

depends on the current cursor velocity. When you've finished putting your sprite through its paces, press the fire button to return to Sprite Magic. Also, if you want to test the animation

while you are moving about, hold down the SHIFT key to step forward through the pages of your defined sprites, or the Commodore key to step backward. You can lock the SHIFT key to

keep the animation happening while you move around.

Saving Your Sprites After all your work, you surely want to save your

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creations on tape or disk for future use. You can save an individual shape, or all the sprites. Press

S (for Save), then either D (Disk) or T (Tape).

Next, enter the filename. You'll be asked if you

want to "Save all from here?" If you press N, for No, then only the current sprite you are working on is saved. If you press Y for Yes, then every sprite from the current sprite to sprite 255 will be saved. Thus, if you want to save a range of sprites, be sure to use the minus key to step back to the first sprite you want saved.

To recall your sprites, press L. The Load com

mand loads everything that was saved, If you're

loading in more than one sprite, be sure you step backward far enough with the minus key so that all the sprites will fit between the current sprite and sprite 255. The sprites load starting at the current sprite page number. After you press L, en ter T or D for Tape or Disk.

Making Sprite DATA

starting with line 1. If you want, you can save just the DATA statements to tape or disk, using the normal SAVE command.

To exit Sprite Magic and return to BASIC, press CTRL-X. You can also use RUN/STOPRESTORE.

Quick Reference Chart B:

Cycle through background colors

Flip sprite upside-down

Move sprile with joystick. Press button when done. Load sprite from iape or disk

L: M:

Mirror sprite from left to right

Save sprite(s) to tape or disk

V; X:

Set cursor velocity Toggle X expansion on/off

Toggle Y expansion on/off

CTRL-D: Create DATA statements CTRL-R or CTRL-9: Reverse sprite CTRL-X; Exit to BASIC

If you're a programmer, you're probably more in

+: Next sprite page

terested in DATA statements. That way, you can use BASIC to READ and POKE the numbers into

CLR/HOME: Home sprite editing cursor

memory. If you have some kind of "DATA maker," you can run it on the memory used by the sprite in Sprite Magic (again, the memory

location is the sprite number times 64). But Sprite Magic has a special DATA maker of its own. It's

similar to the Create DATA option in Ultrafont +, but it's been enhanced.

Press CTRL-D to create a series of DATA

statements from the current sprite in memory. Just tap the key, or you'll get hundreds of DATA statements as the key repeats. Sprite Magic will create eight DATA statements, with eight bytes per line. The last byte is not strictly used. Sprite shapes are made from 63 bytes, but the sprite areas are padded out so they will conveniently fall

—: Previous sprite page

SHIFT-CLR/HOME: Erase grid

Space bar or fire button: Set/clear points CRSR keys or joystick in port 2: Moves cursor Back arrow: Symmetry mode Keys 1-4: Select drawing color for multicolor mode SHIFT 1-4: Change a drawing color

H: Shift (2: Shift left f3: Shift down

f4: Shift up f5; Multicolor mode f6; Normal mode ft Store sprite to buffer ffc Recall sprite from buffer

See program listing on page 138.

in 64-byte ranges. To create DATA statements for another sprite, use the + or — key to move to the correct sprite page, then press CTRL-D again.

If you have a program already in memory, the DATA statements are appended to the end of the program, starting with the next available line number. To add DATA statements to an existing program, then, first load Sprite Magic. Type NEW.

Load your BASIC program, and SYS 49152 to en

ter Sprite Magic. You can then load in sprite shapes and use CTRL-D to add those DATA statements to the end of the BASIC program in memory,

You can check to see that these DATA state ments were added by exiting Sprite Magic (press

CTRL-X) and typing LIST. Your program should have eight new DATA lines for each sprite pat tern. If there was no program in memory, the DATA statements form a program all their own, 78

COMPUTED Garatfs

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[_____

HOME TELECOMMUNICATIONS Robert Sims, Assistant Editor

UPLOADING On-line data bases were created to disseminate large amounts of information to a broad segment of the population. Before the advent of the com puter, public and private libraries served this function.

Most commercial data bases, in fact, still are

organized along the same lines as a library. Ma

terial is published, collected and collated, then

it is catalogued and made available for downloading. Tapping into the vast amount of information in data bases, while undoubtedly valuable, is essentially a passive activity: Someone else has made available this data which you retrieve.

If you want to move from being a passive

information receiver to being an active infor mation provider, then according to the estab

lished order you must compose your message, find a publisher who agrees that the world needs to know, and get the work distributed to libraries

The third way is to prepare the data off-line,

and use the automatic upload feature of your terminal software to upload the file directly from disk.

By coincidence, these three methods are used to compose and send three forms of communication. If you want to tell everybody something, you can leave a message on a bulletin

board. If your message is private, send it as elec

tronic mail, which is just a private letter deliv ered electronically. These two forms are informal and temporary. A message will stay on a bulletin board for only a few days, and electronic mail usually is erased as soon as it is read. To deliver a long program or a long text file which will be available to others on a more permanent basis, you upload it to special upload/download areas set aside on the net works and bulletin boards.

and data bases. Only then wiil the world get

On-Line Word Processors

your message.

To allow you to compose a bulletin board mes sage or electronic mail on-line, bulletin boards and networks have built-in word processing

Direct Delivery In the less structured domain of home tele communications, the path from creator to user is

more direct, and more immediate. If you have a

home computer and a modem, all you need in

order to tell the world is a short course on how to upload the message.

Whether your message is a private note to a friend, a checkbook balancing program, or the first chapter of your new novel, there are three ways to upload it.

The simplest, and slowest, way is to log on to

a bulletin board or network and type the data in manually. Another way is to prepare the data before going on-line, then load it into the terminal soft ware's capture buffer and transmit it after you log on. 80

COMPUTED Gazelle

August 1984

routines. Most bulletin boards have a line editor, which permits entry and editing of one message line at a time. The simplest line editor will only allow you to edit by deleting your mistakes and retyping the line. If you want to change word or der or insert text, you must delete everything back to the point where you want to insert, then retype

the rest of the message. This limited word processing capability is a

function of available memory and processing speed. Bulletin boards are usually run on home

computers, and memory is at a premium. A fullfeatured word processor would take up too much of the RAM needed to hold the main bulletin board software. The information networks such as CompuServe, Deiphi, and The Source use banks

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Now, let's examine how these organizers work, There arc 3 CRT-Models. CRT-1 holds a Monitor or T.V. Set ;tnd B VIC 20 or 64. All wires & cartridges fit neatly under the organizer.

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of mainframe computers. Since memory is not a major limitation, the networks provide fullfeatured word processors which can be used to compose messages on-line. Even though these word processors are much more sophisticated than line editors, it's still not possible to edit your text by simply moving the cursor around on the screen of your computer, inserting or deleting words at will. Because of the

relatively slow transmission rates of 300 and 1200 bps (bits per second) involved in telecommunica tions, your computer and the host cannot interact

fast enough to allow editing text directly on the

the host sends. The user doesn't have to put the upload file into the capture buffer; the terminal software will take it directly from the disk. The user selects one-line-at-a-time uploading, and the software asks for the host prompt character. The user types in the prompt character, and the terminal software then takes over. Every time the host sends a character the terminal software

compares it to the prompt character provided by the user. If the characters are the same, the termi nal software sends a line of text from the upload

file. After the file has been uploaded, the terminal

software returns program control to the user.

screen.

For that reason, on-line word processors re

quire that you edit your message in pieces, with out seeing the whole. Each editing operation,

whether deleting a single letter or inserting a paragraph, is performed by sending a unique command in an exact syntax. The process is nec essarily time-consuming and ungainly. The in experienced user can call up help files which

briefly describe these commands, but to become proficient a user must buy the printed manuals.

Composing Off-line Because of these disadvantages, experienced users

prefer to compose and edit their messages off-line, then upload them after they log on.

The usual way to do this is to compose the message using a word processor. Then the mes

sage file is converted to a form which the terminal program and the host computer can process, and

this upload file is stored on disk. (For a discussion of the conversion process, see last month's column.)

sage text, then uploads the file from the capture

buffer instead of typing it in.

Uploading The Message Text

Generally, the on-line word processor will accept

text a line at a time, and will send a special prompt character when it is ready to receive the

next line. If your text file is sent all at once, the host will receive only one line, and the rest will be lost. For that reason, the file must be uploaded one line at a time.

Some terminal programs provide a function key which, when pressed, uploads one line of

text. The user waits for the prompt character and pushes the key, repeating the process until the end of the file is reached.

Other terminal software does this automati cally, if the user knows which prompt character COMPUTE'S Gazette

Uploading programs and text files into data base areas where they will be downloaded by other users is more complicated than uploading messages.

First, the program must be converted to a for mat which can be uploaded (see July's column) and stored on disk.

Then, when the user is on-line and accesses the upload area of the bulletin board or network, the host will ask for information to be included in the data base catalog. This may include file length, a brief description of the program's func tion, and some keywords which other users can search for to identify the file. The user who is uploading may be asked to provide a filename by which the uploaded file

will be stored on the host system. All this information must be complete and correct in order for other users to locate, download, and make use of the uploaded program.

The upload file is loaded into the terminal software's capture buffer. Then, after logging on and accessing the on-line word processor, the user waits for the host's prompt to enter the mes

Uploading Programs

August 1984

File Extensions Often, the host will give the uploader a choice of file extensions, or suffixes appended to the

filename proper. These extensions identify the for mat in which the file is stored. If the wrong exten sion is attached to a filename, it may make the

file impossible to download. (For a discussion of file types, see last month's column.)

For example, an extension of .BIN should

mark a file as a program which has been con verted to ASCII representations of hexadecimal numbers. It may be a BASIC program or a ma chine language program.

If an uploader mistakenly labels a program

file with a .DOC or .TXT extension, a user who downloads this file will convert it as though it were text, and the end result will be useless

garbage.

After the catalog is entered, the user will be prompted by the bulletin board or network as to

the actual upload procedure. This can be one line

grams in the public domain for the VIC and 64, free for the taking, but too often users obtain a program and then find to their dismay that the

at a time, or the entire file may be uploaded automatically.

program contains no instructions.

Providing Documentation Besides the basic catalog information for a file, a responsible uploader will provide documentation for any program he uploads.

This documentation should include detailed instructions for using the program, and should be uploaded as a text file with a .TXT or .DOC extension. Its filename should be similar to the program's name so downloaders can connect the two, and reference to the program it documents should be included in the descriptive notes that go with the documentation file's catalog entry.

The documentation file can be a text file cre ated with a word processor, or it can be generated as a program listing consisting entirely of REMark statements, converted, and uploaded as a program

file with a .BIN or .IMG extension. Such a file can

be downloaded, converted, and LISTed, allowing the end user to get a printout without using a word processor.

But however the documentation is handled, it

is important that it accompany the uploaded pro gram. Failure to document software before offer ing it to other users is a major problem in home

If you have questions or ideas about subjects you'd like to see covered in this column, write to: Home Telecommunications, computed gazette,

P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. Or, you can send me electronic mail. My CompuServe ID is 75005,1553. For Delphi, it's BOZART. W

Please help us serve you belter. If you need to con!

us for any of Ihe reasons (isted below, wrtle to us at: COMPUTE!'s Gazette P.O. Box 961

Farmingdale, NY 11737 or call (he Toll Free number listed below.

Change of Address. Please allow us 6-8 weeks !o effect the change; send your current maiting label along with your new address.

COMPUTE!'s Gazette 800-334-0868 In NC 919-275-980

telecommunications. There are thousands of pro

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COMPUTED Gazette

August 1984

THE BEGINNER'S CORNER C. Regena

Using A Printer A printer is one of the more important peripherals you'll buy or use. To get the most out of your printer, it's best to know how to use it with your VIC or 64, and to understand what it can do. This month, we'll work with the Com modore 1525 printer. Much of our discussion, though, applies to other printers as well.

Talking To The Printer To use any printer, you must first OPEN a communication channel to the printer. OPEN1,4 is the command to open file number 1 to the printer, which is device number 4. You may use

any number from 1 to 255 for the file number, but always use 4 for the device number. If you use a file number over 127, the printer will double space. I often use the number 4 for both, so I only have to remember one number for the command—OPEN4,4. To get a program listing on the printer, use

CMDh (where n is the same number as the file number in the OPEN command) to transfer the

A Printer Is For More Than Listings A printer should serve for more than listings, however. Other common applications are word processing, mailing labels, graphics, or anything you'd use a typewriter for.

To access your printer from within a pro gram, use the OPEN and CLOSE commands we've already discussed. Then, to write something or PRINT with the printer, use PRINT#n where n is that same file number. We'll use 4 in our ex

ample, but you can use any number from 1 to 255. Just make sure that you use the same num ber in the OPENn,4 command, PRINT#n com mand, and CLOSEh command. PRINT#n is typed with no spaces and cannot be abbreviated. Here is

a sample of how the commands are used. 10 20 30

REM PRINTER 1 OPEN4.4 PRINT#4,"HELLO

PRINT#4

CLOSE4

END

PRINT#4 is similar to the PRINT command

control from the computer to the printer. Now

add the command LIST. Instead of listing on the screen, the listing will appear on the printer. This can be accomplished in one line: OPEN 4,4:CMD4:LIST

You may list certain sections of the program by using the standard LIST commands: LIST -200

all lines up to 200

LIST 300-320

lines numbered 300 to 320

LIST 800-

lines from 800 to the end of the program

To turn off the printer and return to the screen, type:

which properly closes the file. COMPUTE!'* Gazone

you're already familiar with, except the printing will go to the printer instead of the screen. PRINT#4 alone prints a blank line. If you want to print a specific message, type a comma after PRINT#4 and then your message in quotes. You may also print variables and functions and use TAB and SPC. (Note: A bug in the VIC's operat

ing system prevents the use of TAB or SPC im mediately following a PRINT* command. The result is a SYNTAX ERROR. To remedy this, print anything—for example, a null character ("")— following the PRINT# command but preceding a

TAB or SPC.) Here are some sample PRINT* commands.

PRINT#4:CLOSE4

THERE"

August 1984

PRINT#4,X

PRINT#4,N$;"

AND

";M$

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30 PRINT#4,A;B,A+B

lines 100-150 prints two lines of numbers. The

40 PRINT#4,TAB(12);SIN(C)

loop in lines 110-140 prints ten random numbers

If you look on a chart of ASCII codes, you'll see the character code numbers for various sym

bols. PRINT CHR$(65) will give you the symbol

corresponding to number 65, or A. You can use the same code when using the printer, PRINT#4,CHR$(65). However, some of the character codes are used to change some of the printer procedures. For example, CHR$(13) is a carriage return. (Note: Some of the codes may be

different with different printers. The printer man

ual should have a list of character codes with their functions.) On the 1525, we can use expanded print

with spaces between them across the printed line. Lines 160-180 draw the lines under the

problems. Line 210 closes the file to the printer, and line 220 ends the program.

Program 1: Multiplication Test Refer to the "Automatic Proofreader' article before typing this

program in.

10 REM MULTIPLICATION TEST 20 OPEN4,4:PRINT#4

30 PRINT#4,CHRS(15)"NAMEE30 Pﾂｧ" 40

PRINT#4

PRINT#4,"DATE&18

E10 P3"

(double-width) character mode. To enable this larger printing, PRINT#4,CHR$(14). Now any thing sent to the printer will be in the expanded

60 PRINT#4:PRINT#4

print. To get back to standard printing,

PRINT#4,CHR$(15). The following program illus

PRINT#4,CHRS(15):PRINT*4 FOR ROW=1

FOR

1=1

110

FOR

P=l

REM

120 A=INT{10*RND(0))

OPEN4,4

130

PRINT#4,"{3 SPACES!"A"[ 2

30 40 50

PRINT#4,CHR$(14)"TITLE" PRINT#4,CHRS(15) PRINT#4,"BACK TO STANDARD

140

P:PRINT#4

150

PRINT#4

160

FOR

CLOSE4

END

PRINTING"

:rem

:reni :rem

85 104

70 PRINT#4,CHRS(14);TAB(12) ;"MULTIPLICATI ON" :rem 161 100

179

;rem

P^"SPC{ 30)"SCORE

trates these two styles of printing. PRINTER

:rem

P=l

:rem :rem

78 186

:rem 4 :rem

:rem

SPACES}"; :rem

168

:rem

-rem

:rem

170 PRINT#4,"(3 SPACESJE2 T 3(3 SPACES]": :rem

109

180

Printing Math Tests

190

PRINT#4:PRINT#4:PRINT#4

:rem

186

Earlier in the school year, my daughter's class was

200

:rem

201

210

CLOSE4

reviewing multiplication facts. One of the drills

220

END

ROW

:rem

:rem jrem

61 107

was to see how many problems could be done in one minute. As the children were practicing the

speed drills at home, I noticed that the test used was always the same; the students were actually memorizing the answers in order窶馬ot really doing

the multiplication. But with a computer and a printer, a different test can be produced each time by printing the problems in a random order.

Program 1 prints a randomly generated test

Since Program 1 uses random numbers to create the problems, it's likely that problems

could be repeated and not all possible combina tions used. Suppose you want a test that has all

combinations of multipliers but in a random or der. Since the numbers can be from 0 to 9, there are 100 combinations. (Refer to the sample test

of multiplication problems. The multiplicands

on the following page.)

and multipliers may be numbers from 0 to 9. The program simply prints random numbers across

There are several ways to accomplish the task. The way I did it was to use a two-dimensional

the top, then random numbers below, and then draws lines under the problems. Line 20 opens file number 4 for the printer

and prints a blank line. Line 30 makes sure the printer is in standard size printing and prints a

place for the student's name. Line 40 prints a blank line, then line 50 prints a place for the date and a place for the score. SPC(30) means to leave

30 spaces horizontally. Line 60 prints blank lines. Line 70 sets the printer to expanded print to

print the title then tabulates over 12 spaces. Line 80 returns the printer to standard printing size.

The FOR-NEXT loop in lines 90-200 sets up the printing of ten rows of problems. The loop in 90

COMPUTErs Gazette

Angus! 1984

array, as shown in Program 2. The numbers in

the subscripts of the array are the two numbers to be multiplied. Line 20 initializes all elements

of the array to be zero. As a problem is chosen randomly, the element is changed to 1 so that problem will not be chosen again. This time I have printed the problems hori

zontally, four problems to a line, and 25 rows of problems with double spacing between lines. Also, I used an asterisk to indicate multiplication.

If you prefer an X, change the symbol in line 130. You can easily change this to an addition

test by changing the title in line 80 and putting a plus sign in line 130.

Sample Subtraction

Sample Multiplication Tesl

Program 3: Subtraction Test Refer lo the "Automatic Proofreader" article before typing this program in.

REM SUBTRACTION 20 FOR 1=1 TO 9 s FOR J=0

Program 2: Revised Multiplication Refer to the "Automatic Proofreader article before typing 1hls program in. REM

MULTIPLICATION

FOR

1=0

TEST

:rem

T J,1

:rem

OPEN4,4:PRINT#4

PRINT»4,CHR$(lS)"NAMEg30

PRINTff4

PRINT#4, "DATEE18 V% "SPC ( 30 ) "SCORE £10

229

TO 9:F0R J=0 TO 9:N{I,J)=0:NEX

P3"

P^"

204

irem

:rem

srem

:rem

: rein

PRINTK4; PRINT#4

PRIMT#4,CHR$(14);TAB(12)'fMULTIPLICATIO

:rem

PRINT#4,CHR?(15):PRINT#4

100

FOR ROW-1

110

FOR

P=l

105 L03

:rem

:rem 232

:rem

120 A=lNTt10*RND(0))!B=INT(10*RND(0)):IF ESPACE}n(A,B)=1 THEN 120 trem 105 130

PRINT#4,A"*"B"="SPC(12);

140

N(A,B)=ltNEXT

150

PRINT#4:PRINT#4:NEXT

160

PRINT#4:CLOSE4

170

END

:rem

235

:rem ROW

irem

:rem 95 irem

111

The subtraction program is similar to the previous program; however, the number to be subtracted must be less than or equal to the first number. I used numbers from 1 to 9 for the first number, so there will be 54 combinations. This

time the printing is done with 18 rows of three problems each.

:rem 147 I:N(IrJ}=0:NEX

T JfI

Tesl

t ren

221

30 40

0PEN4,4:PRINT#4 PRINT#4,CHRS(15)"NAME£30

:rem 71 Irem 19

|jl0

:rem

70 80

PRltTT#4:PRINT#4 i rein 105 PRINT#4,CHR$(14);TAB(13)"SUBTRACTION"

FRINT#4fCHR$(15):PRINT#4

P^" 50 PRINTH4 :rem 73 60 PRINT#4,"DATEE18 P3"SPC(30)"SCORE P3"

: rein

100

FOR

ROW^l

140

N(ArB)=l:NEXT P

150

PRINT#4:PRINT#4:NEXT

160 170

PRINT#4:CLOSE4 END

136

:rem

:rem 234

110 FOR P=l TO 3 :rem 13 120 ft-IHT(9*RND{0)+l):B=INT[(A+l)*RND(0)) :IF N{A,B)=1 THEN 120 :rem 42 130 PRINT#4,"l3 SPACES}"A"-"B"="SPC(15);

ROV/

:rem

: rem

irem 95 :rem 111

The procedure for the division test is similar to the multiplication test Two numbers are cho sen randomly. The problem for division will be the product of the two numbers chosen divided by the first number. There are 81 possibilities, so the test is printed in 27 rows of three problems each. Since the dividend may be either a twodigit or a one-digit number, 1 changed the prod

uct A*B to a string variable Q$, then adjusted Q$ so the problems would line up properly. If A*B is a one-digit number, the length of Q$ (which is a space plus the number) will be 3, and I put anCOMPUTE'.S Gazoue

AuggsM9&4

Sample Division Test

PRINT#4,"DATEBlS PH"SPC(30}"SCORE E10 P3" PRINT#4

100

:rem :rem

88 77

PRINT#4,CHRS(14);TAB(15)"DIVISION" :rem

202

110 PRINT#4,CHRS(15):PRINT#4 :rem 120 120 FOR ROW=1 TO 27 :rem 236 130 FOR P=l TO 3 :rem 15 140 A=INT(9*RND(0)+1):B=INT{9*RND(0)+1)ll 150

F N(A,B)=1 THEN 140 QS=STR$(A*B)+" ":IF ="

LEN{Q$)=3

"+Q$

:rem 213 THEN Q$ :rem

117

160

PRINT#4,"(3 SPACES}"QS;CHRS(8)D$;CHRS {15)A"="SPC(15); :rem 26

170

N(A,B)=1:NEXT

180

PRINT#4:NEXT

190

PRINT#4!CLOSE4

200

END

srem

ROW

:rem

29 238

srem 98 :rem

105

Making A Letterhead Another use for your printer is to make your own letterhead. You can use different styles of print to

make the letterhead more interesting. If your printer doesn't have graphics capabilities, you can make up a design using regular symbols, If you have a printer that can support graphics, consult your printer manual to see how to draw some

thing. The 1525 has the.graphics symbols dis

other space in front of the number. Line 150

adjusts Q$.

The 1525 does not have a "divide by" sym bol, so I designed my own symbol. If you have a different printer, you may have the symbol al ready, or you can define graphics in a different manner. If you use a 1525, refer to pages 21-22

of the manual. You can define your own charac ter by coloring in dots of a 7 X 7 matrix,

played on the keys of the VIC and 64. It can print any of these symbols with the standard PRINT# command. Program 5 uses the standard Commodore graphics symbols to make a design for a letter head. I used the symbols just as if they were in standard PRINT statements. B$ is defined in line 30 as the reverse space, which is a solid block. TAB() is used to start the printing in a different

column (rather than the very first column at the left). SPC() spaces over the specified number of spaces.

converting the graph to numbers, then using

DATA statements in the program to define the character. Lines 20-30 of Program 4 define a character (D$) to be the division symbol. In line

160, before using D$, I set the printer to graphics mode with CHR$(8). After printing the special graphics character, CHR$(15) returns the printer to standard printing.

Program 4: Division Test Refer to the "Automatic Proofreader article before typing this program in.

REM

DIVISION

:rem

170

20 DATA 136,136,136,170,136,136,136 :rem

184

:rem

246

FOR

1=1

TO 7:READ D:D?=DS+CHRS{D):NEXT

FOR

1=1

TO 9:FOR J=l TO 9:N(I,J)=0:NEX

T J'I

OPEN4,4:PRINT#4

60 PRINT#4,CHR$(15)"NAME&30 PÂ§" 70

PRINT#4

COMPUTE'S Gazette

Augusl 19B4

srem 208 :rem 73

jrem 21 :rem

HBCKER5 F>.

aim env,

USERS 1501

mtÂť

The name used in this letterhead is fictional and for illustration purposes only, but it might provide some ideas for a letterhead for your users group, or a family or Christmas newsletter.

Program 5: Letterhead Refer to the "Automatic Proofreader" article before typing this program in. 10

REM

LETTERHEAD

20 OPEN4,4iPRINT#4,CHR$(15; 30

B$="{RVS)

lOFFi"sS$=""

srem

:rem

srem

PRINT#4

50 PRINT#4,S$TAB(21)"{RVS]{3

:rem

"SPC(6)B5SPC(5)B$SPC{4)B$SPC{5)B$SPC{6

)"{RVS}{3 SPACES}(OFF}"; 60 PRINT#4,S$SPC(17)"[RVS}£

[OFF}"SPC(5)B$SPC{10)BSSPC(5)B$SPC(4) B$SPC(5)B$; :rem 178

SPACESjjOFF)

:rem 55 E*3":rem 106

70 PRINT#4,"{3 SPACES}[RVSTE10 SPACES}

160 PRINT#4,S$SPC(4)B$SPC(3)"{RVS)

{3 SPACES](OFF}[2 SPACES}{RVS} (17 SPACES}{OFF}|-3" irem 193

170 PRINT#4F"(RVS){15

SPC{4)BS; 80

srem

179

PRINT#4,S$SPC(5)B$SPC(5)B$SPC(3)BSSPC(

:rem

180

EOFFU"

irem 148

90 PRINT#4,"{2 SPACES]{RVS}[2 SPACES) (OFF]{3 SPACES}{RVS}[2 SPACES}(OFF} [3 SPACES}[RVS}(2 SPACES]{OFF)"SPC{5)B $SPC(5}B5SPC(4)B$SPC(5)B$SPC(4)B$; :rem

100

(7)"(RVS}

{OFF}{2

SPACES}{RVS}

110

{OFF}"

210

:rem 89

BSSPC{10)B$SPC(5)B$SPC(4)B$;

:rem

[off}[2

spaces){rvs)

{2 spaces}(rvs} 130

128

230 240

{off}

[7 SPACES)"

SPACES}Q[SHIFT-SPACE]Q

{4 SPACES)Q[SHIFT-SPACE}Q"SPC(8)"

FOR

1=1

3:PRINT#4:NEXT

USERS

260

PRINT#4,S$TAB(33)"P.

270 280

PRINT#4 PRINT#4,S$TAB(28)

PRINT#4,S$SPC(4)B$SPC(13)"(RVS]

290

PRINT#4:PRINT#4

300

CLOSE4

310

END

:rem 222 {RVS}(12 SPACES}

trem

GROUP"

PRINT#4,"{2 SPACES][RVS}{2 SPACES} (OFF}{3 SPACES}{RVS){2 SPACES}{OFFj {3 SPACES}[RVS](2 SPACES}{OFF}"SPC(5) B$SPC(10)"(RVS}[7 SPACES]{OFF}"SPC(4)

:rem 4

PRINT*4,S$TAB(15)CHRS(14)"CEDAR

PRINT*4,CHR$(15)

{OFF)

" irem 130

PRINT#4,"{3

250

{12 SPACES}" 150 PRINT#4,"(RVS]

:rem

PRINT#4,S$SPC(3)BSSPC(6)B$SPC(3)B$"

:rem 231

BSSPC(5)B$; 140

:rem 43

PRIHT#4,"{RVS){15 SPACES](OFF]§4 13 (RVS} {OFF}{3 SPACES}[RVS] {OFF}"SPC(

[RVS]{3 SPACES}(OFF]"SPC?6)BSSPC(5)B?

{off){2 spacesHrvs}

{SPACE}[OFF}[2 SPACESJEF3"

SPACES][OFFIuCI

SPC(6)"[RVS][3 SPACES}[OFF}";:rem 247 220 PRINT#4,S$SPC{8)"{RVS}{3 SPACES}(OFF} "SPC(6)"QQ[2 SPACES}J*K[3 SPACESjQ (SHIFT-SPACE)Q(SHIFT-SPACE)H"srem 201

print#4,s$spc(5)b$spc(4)bsspc{13)"

{rvs]

SPACES)"

12 O3ERVS}{7 SPACES}{OFF}B H{RVS)

PRINT#4,"[2 SPACES}[RVS}(2 SPACES] {OFF)[3 SPACES){RVS}(2 SPACES}(OFF3 {3 SPACES}[RVSj[2 SPACES}{OFF}"SPC(5)

120

(RVS}{7

5)BSSPC(5)B$SPC(5)B$; 200

252

PRINT#4,S$SPC(5)B$SPC(4)B$SPC(5)B$SPC SPC(5)B$

190

226

PRINT#4,S$SPC(5)B$SPC{4)B$SPC{5)B$j"

[2 SPACES){RVS)(7

7)"[RVS)(5 SPACES}{OFF}"SPC(4)"g*3 [RVS}

SPACES}{OFF}"SPC(4)

B$SPC{5)B$SPC{4)B$SPC(5)B$SPC(4)B$;

(OFF)"SPC(7)BSSPC{3)B$SPC(5)B$SPC(5)B$

BOX

CEDAR

233

HACKE

:rem

: rem

1502"'

CITY ,

SPACES}84720"

: rem

157

: rem

125

UTAH : rem

242

: rem

157

: rem

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REVIEWS The Commodore 1520 Printer/Plotter Robert Sims, Assistant Editor

Plotting Commands A secondary address of 1 tells the 1520 to draw a figure: OPEN 1,6,1

The 1520 is almost a great prod uct, it's an inexpensive plotter which uses special ballpoint pens to draw in four colors on a

ery line must be drawn twice. This is merely inconvenient, however, because the 1520 is easily capable of drawing the

Plotting is handled by PRINT#1 statements which send com mands to move the pen, put it

roll of paper 4V2 inches wide.

same line twice in exactly the same place. A less important problem is the distance between plotting points. Although .0078 inch

it up.

In its printer mode, the 1520 can print upper- and lowercase text left to right or

top to bottom in four sizes, with

seems small on a ruler, it is wide enough to cause a visible stairstep effect that is most

up to 80 characters per line. It is capable of plotting in tricate designs by addressing 959,040 X-Y plotting points, with .2 millimeters (.0078 inch) between points. But using the 1520 is a lot like putting a size 9 shoe on a size 9V: foot; you can make it work, but don't plan to do a lot of dancing.

pronounced in lines which are almost horizontal or almost ver tical. If your needs lean more toward art than precision, this can be considered an interesting

Plotting On Note Paper

Whether the 1520 is easy to use depends on your BASIC pro

The most important drawback is the paper width. While 4'/2 inches is a good size for note paper and memo pads, it's not

much good for anything else. If you want to use the 1520 for something other than highresolution doodling, you will have to transfer your designs (by photocopying or some printing process) to full-size paper. The transfer will bring out the next problem: line quality.

Ball point pens produce a thin, uneven line which does not re produce well. Also, they tend to

dry out and skip, leaving gaps in the lines. To get the best quality, ev94

COMPUJErs Gazelle

August 1984

down on the paper, and pick Your BASIC programming

skills will also be needed to de bug the manual. While it con

tains a detailed, illustrated explanation of how to set up the

1520, the manual is seriously flawed in its demonstration pro

grams. For example, the most impressive demonstration is Program 8, Geometric Designs,

which plots this circular figure:

effect rather than a shortcoming.

Programming The 1520 gramming skills.

Plot and print features are

selected by using certain second ary addresses in OPEN state ments, in either the immediate or program modes. For example, a secondary address of 0 tells the

plotter to print characters: OPEN 4,6,0

To select character size, you

must open a second file with a

Unfortunately, the program con tains two errors which cause it to crash:

secondary address of 3:

150 PRINT#,"M";0,-260: REM

OPEN3,6,3

220 X2=240 + L*SIN(2/N'J* * >

and PRINT#3,0

to select 80 characters per line. To print the text, you then use PRINT#4, AS

ORIGIN PT

Anyone familiar with the syntax

of the PRINT# statement could spot the bug in line 150; there is no logical file number following PRINT#. But in line 220, one

REVIEWS

trigonometric function has been erroneously substituted for an other. Users who don't know trigonometry are in trouble. To get the figure above, you must change lines 150 and 220 to read: 150 PRINT#l,"M";0,-260: REM ORIGIN PT 220 X2=240+L*COS(2/NTtt )

Of the five other demonstration programs I tested, Programs 4,7, and 10 worked. However, in

Program 1, Concentric Circles, line 170 should read: 170 C=C+1:IFC> = 4 THEN C=0

In Program 11, Changing Forms, substitute these lines: 110 OPEN 4,6 :REM PRINT CHAR

300 XX(I) = X1<I) + K'AX/(M+1>

Complacency or curiosity?

A Lot For The Price The 1520 is a worthwhile prod uct, despite the inaccuracies in the manual, the small paper size, and the visible stairsteps in plotted lines. If your needs call for an 80column printer and you don't care about full-size paper, the 1520 will serve admirably, and for far less than even an in

expensive dot-matrix printer. Al though the 80-column text size is small, it is legible and su perior to dot-matrix print quality. If you want to experiment with graphics on a plotter, you won't find another product at anywhere near the price.

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REVIEWS

VIC Auto-Clock Harvey B. Herman Associate Editor

Of course, you must supply the additional hardware necessary

for the latter functions.

Basically, the Auto-Clock is

a timer which remembers the The VIC Auto-Clock is quite

unlike most other plug-in car tridges. If you need a peripheral

which can be used as the heart of an intelligent controller, this is just the ticket.

What exactly is an intelli gent controller? I can best de

scribe it by an application 1 heard about recently. Someone wanted to periodically monitor

and control the temperature of a greenhouse. This could be done manually, which is not really

practical, or by constructing a circuit that performs only one fixed task. A better way, how ever, would be to use a com

day, date and time, even with AC power off, and can turn on

and off controller accessories with its alarm function, much

internal clock chip (National Semiconductor MM58167A) is

simplified by several ROM subroutines.

Running It Through The Paces A little preliminary work was re

extension cord and wired it to the in/out pads inside the car

changes.

tridge. When the VIC is plugged into the extension socket and the extension plugged into the wall, the Auto-Clock can turn the VIC on and off under computer con

ature and converts the signal into a digital value. You need a control circuit which can heat or

cool on demand. Finally, you need a clock which keeps track

of real time, so you know when to take measurements. Where does the Auto-Clock fit in? As the name implies, it

keeps track of time, but that's not all. It can be used to turn the VIC on at any future date and time, and then run a pro gram which would perform the monitor and control functions. 96

COMPUTErs Gazelle

August 1984

GO!;:Ill 100,REM NDS AHEAD

SET

ALARM

SECO

20 A=PEEK(450B0)iREM RETRIEVE A PR OM

STORAGE

30 40

A-A+l PRINTA

50 60

POKE 450B0,AiREM STORE A FOR 1-1 TO 2000iNEXTIlREM

DELAY

120

easily modified by software

a greenhouse. You need some

matically when power is re stored. Interaction with the

and whose function could be

thing which measures temper

supplied.

70 SYS 41023iREM VIC OFF NOW/VIC 0

quired before I could test the Auto-Clock. Following the direc tions in the manual, I cut an old

Several items are needed to

lasts, even with no AC power

like many clock radios. Also in cluded is a small amount of bat tery powered RAM which can hold programs that run auto

puter-controlled circuit (intelligent controller) which would not be limited to one task

build an intelligent controller for

be there as long as the battery

80 IBB

SECONDS

FROM

SET

END REM

SET ALARM

110 X-45074iREM

BEGIN ALARM

REGIST

ERS

POKEX,0iPOKEX+1,0iPOKEX+2,0iRE M

130 1-10

SET

DELAYS,HOURSFMIKUTES

POKEX+3,10iREM SET SECONDS POKEX+4,0iREH ALARM RELATIVE T 0

REAL

150

SYS

160

RETURN

TIME

41002iREM

SET

ALARM

NOW I

The program turns on the VIC every ten seconds, adds one to a variable, prints the variable

on the screen and then turns the VIC off. Progressive Peripherals has

done a nice job with this un common piece of hardware. I could not test everything, but, with one exception, all the func tions I tried worked. February 29 did not come up normally in 1984. However, the company claims that leap years are handled correctly by the res

trol. Doing it this way, rather

ident firmware. Perhaps I have

than an alternative method in the manual, required no perma nent change in the VIC. For review purposes, I wrote a program which illustrates some of the Auto-Clock features, but isn't particularly useful. The pro gram was saved in the AutoClock RAM with a ROM SYS call. Any program in its RAM is

an earlier version of their program.

Also, I would rather have seen the hardware schematics

included with the manual. They are indispensable if service is

ever needed. Other than that, I recommend it to anyone inter ested in intelligent controllers. VIC Auto-Clock

run automatically whenever the VIC is activated, unless RETURN

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REVIEWS

BusCard II: The Magic Box Ian A. Wright

rapid access for those little "fixes" that are part of program

ming in machine language. BusCard also has BASIC 4.0 built-in so that commands are simplified. For example, to

sible, although most users will set them only once for their spe cific system. The cartridge slot has also

been moved to the right side of the board, and the IEEE slot is

scratch a file you now type: sC

now at the rear. According to

printers and parallel printersâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;

"filename". All the commands of the later PET/CBM machines are enabled by SYS61000, and for a student (or anyone) who works with various machine

printer connector wiring now

al! via the same interface.

types this is a boon.

The BusCard II, a small rectan gular box slightly larger than a cigarette package, allows the

Commodore 64 to access IEEE drives and serial drives, IEEE

I've been using the BusCard as an interface to connect my 64 to 4040, 2031, 2031sl, and 1541 drives (in various combinations) without any problems. Attach ing both a Commodore 4023

(IEEE) and an Epson MX-80

The 36-page manual that accompanies the BusCard uses

photos and text to explain how

to attach the interface, how to set the switches, how to use the monitor, and explains the

Batteries Included, there is less strain on the 64 motherboard while changing cartridges with this configuration. The IEEE and comes from the rear of the 64.

One change quickly be comes apparent when the new BusCard II is installed because there is now only one clip that has to be connected to the inside of the 64. This wiring change is

BASIC 4.0 commands in detail. There is even a lengthy descrip tion of how the BusCard works

an indication that the latest ver

also worked without problem. Even beyond that, I hooked up two printers, two drives

that will be of use to the ad

predecessors.

vanced programmer.

Similarly, this new version also lets you reset the mini-

(both IEEE and serial), the 64

arises when discussing IEEE

and a 4032/8032 PET, and was

interface units for the 64 is:

able to selectively work with

"Will it load program X?". I've loaded and run hundreds of commercial and public domain programs from my 4040 drive and there were very few that would not load through the BusCard. Any problems that

(parallel) printer to the 64 and then printing to either printer

each of these machines linked together. This configuration can be a real time saver for soft ware designers, reviewers, or programmers.

Monitor And BASIC 4.0 Included Another useful feature provided by the BusCard is the built-in monitor. The monitor is ac

tivated by SYS 8, and provides

A common question that

occurred could invariably be traced to excessive disk checking in programs that were heavily protected.

Upgrade Improvements

register and memory display, a simple assembler and dis assembler with automatic addressing, save, hunt, fill, load, and transfer memory, and print ing of the disassembly. Although

a few visible changes on the new BusCard II. The miniswitches, which allow you to se

far from a full-featured assem

lect various devices, have been

bler this monitor does allow

moved so as to be more acces

COMPUTEIs GB2OIJo

August 1984

For those who own the earlier version of the BusCard, there are

sion of the BusCard II is even

more transparent than its

switches without resetting the

machine (turning off/on). If you should decide to change input/ output between IEEE and serial devices, you do not lose what ever program you have in memory.

Having BASIC 4.0, a mon

itor with assembler and dis assembler, a complete manual, the ability to load programs such as Blue Max with one keypress, a

loading speed four to five times faster than the 1541, and the abil ity to use the "brainpower" of a 4040 dual driveâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;all of these features come from the BusCard II, This is truly a magic box. Buscard II Batteries Included Lid. 186 Queen St. West

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REVIEWS

Music Writer III For The V Iw'/iU

David Florance, Programming Assistant

Music Writer III, the latest music software from Nufekop, turns your VIC-20 into a smart musi

cal instrument. The program, designed by David Henry Funte, lets you write, edit, review, save, or load songs and melodies. People who wonder about

the memory limitations of an unexpanded VIC will be sur prised at what this package can

do in less than 4K. Music Writer

goes into memory and the pro cess is repeated until the tune is finished. If it is not to your liking, the previous input is erased and the process is started again. The program erases one

note at a time, so only the val ues just put in are erased.

After your melody is writ ten, you can review the work by using the cursor keys. This quick editing feature allows change of any note, octave, or duration. .

available on tape or disk.

Easy To Use After loading and running the program you see a window in the center of your screen. This is

the measure of music being played or written. Pressing fl loads an example piece into memory, which is a smorgasbord

of familiar tunes. The example demonstrates the versatility of the program.

To write music, first clear memory by pressing f8. A star indicates which note is current.

The program needs to know four things: Is the note flat or sharp?

(Default is natural); What is the note? (letter name); the octave (1

or 2); and the note value (1/4, 1/8, or 1/16).

Quick Editing After a note is selected, the pro gram asks if the information in put is correct. If it is, the note 100

COMPUTE'S Gozetlo

August 1984

notes equal one dotted half note). Since the program has a capacity for 500 notes, there is

plenty of room for elaborate melodies.

Playing With Music Music Writer HI can do a number of things for both experienced and novice musicians. It can in crease a novice's ability to write tunes, understand basic theory, and hear and sharpen listening skills.

If you're a more experienced composer, it provides a fast way

to compose and edit a melody

III is written entirely in machine

language, which makes it fast, powerful, and versatile. And it's

note. This is easily overcome by adding values (e.g., three quarter

A Musical Tutorial

when you may not be able to

If you have a background in mu sic, this program is very friendly. But suppose you know almost nothing about music. Does the program lend itself to the person without musical training? It does. With a few hours of prac

strument or a piece of staff pa per. And the program lets you

tice, your VIC can sound like a real song machine. Just keep in mind that a quarter note (1/4) is

twice as long in duration as an eighth note (1/8), which is twice as long in duration as a sixteenth note (1/16). You can put your favorite songs on your VIC, or write your own original compositions. Naturally there are some

get to another musical in

hear your melody immediately. The versatility of Music Writer III makes it one of the better music programs available for the VIC-20. Music Writer III

Nufekop P.O. Box 156 Shady Cove, OR 97533

$16.95 (tape)

$19.95 idisk)

Advertise your

limitations. It is possible to save the tunes to tape or disk, but should you want to use the mu sic in a program of your own,

program or produc

data statements will have to be generated. Also, in writing tunes that are slower in tempo (speed) the program will not display note values more than the quarter

reach hundreds

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The MICROLOG AIH-1 cartridge will turn your VIC-20 or

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HAM radio operators all over the world. A whole new use for

your home computer. The AIR-1 contains both program in ROM and radio interface circuit to copy Morse code and all speeds and shifts of radio teletype. Plus the on screen tuning

With keyword or manual printer control for permanent paper copy, you won't miss a single bit of the action. If you've been looking for something to spice-up your

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indicators mean you never have to take your eyes off the video for perfect tuning.

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• "3-D Tic-Tac-Toe" (June) contains no

Bug-Swatter:

Modifications And Corrections

programming bugs, but suffers from a conceptual

flaw. Several mathematically-inclined readers have informed us that if the first player takes the middle position and makes no mistakes in sub sequent moves, the second player always loses.

One way of correcting this would be to rewrite the game to use a 4 X 4 X 4 board, rather than

a 3 X 3 X 3. An easier fix would be for both players to agree that neither will place a marker • The VIC version of "Frantic Fisherman" (June) works as listed, but the instructions for

in the middle space, unless it is necessary to block (or complete) a tic-tac-toe.

tape users on page 60 contain a typo. The second POKE should be 631 (the keyboard buffer) rather

• "Ultrafont +" (July) contains a few in consistencies. The original Ultrafont, published in

than 531 (the middle of the input buffer). Line 700 should read POKE 198,1:POKE 631,131:END. • "Sea Route To India" (March) runs as listed. However, readers Harry R. Meyer and David W. Kenvin discovered that it is possible for the water supply to run out, and even fall to a negative number, with no ill effects. Adding the following line will allow you to perish more

gracefully when the water runs out: 11015

IF WT<1 THEN PRINT"fCLR)OUT OF WATE R":PRINT"(DOWN)Y0U DIE OF THIRST.": GOTO

17000

:rem 57

• "File Converter" from "Speedscript Revis

ited" (May) works as described in the article, but will occasionally report an I/O error where there is none. If you check your disk directory, you should find that the file was converted, in spite

of the message to the contrary. To fix the pro

COMPUTE'.'s First Book of 64 Sound and Graphics, could only redefine the uppercase/graphics character set. Since many people design entirely new character sets, Ultrafont + also lets you al ter the lowercase character set. Two commands that are case-sensitive were not adjusted, however.

The Fix command, which restores a character from its image in ROM, will always replace the character with its uppercase image, even if you are working in lowercase. More troublesome is

that in lowercase, the DATAmaker (CTRL-D) will list almost every character pattern, even those

that you haven't changed. This is because Ultrafont + compares the redefined character set

to the uppercase/graphics set in ROM, so natu

rally most of the lowercase set does not match. If you redefine the entire character set, this prob lem is of no import, (fif

gram change line 380: 380 SYS(ADR):IF(PEEK(144)AND191)=0THENPRI NT"[DOWN}DONE.":GOTO280

:rera

184

• Two characters were accidentally cut from line 30 of the 64 version of "Spelling Critter" (June). The correct line is: 30

S=54272:V=54296:AD=54277!SR=54278:HF=5 4273:LF=S:SD=54276

:rera

117

• A printer's gremlin deleted an apostrophe from line 1030 of "Castle Dungeon/64" (June). Because it happened to a PRINT statement, it does not affect the running of the program, but does cause the Proofreader checksum number to appear to be incorrect. The line should have

been: 1030

PRINT"12 1

KEY

RIGHTjA BEAST.

FOR A

PRESS THE ;rem

'L 198

• Line 80 of the VIC version of "Cassette

Beeper" (May) was misprinted. The second to the

last number (a nine) should be a 169. In addi tion, the —1141 in line 75 should have a comma between the first two Is ( — 1,141). 102

COMPUTErs Gazetm

Augusl 1984

additiona warn

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MACHINE LANGUAGE FOR BEGINNERS Richard Mansfield, Senior Editor

ML Mailbag This month we'll answer some more reader questions:

A second way to boot is to put your custom

ML loading routine into addresses $02A7-$02FF and then make addresses $0304-5 point to

S02A7. All this is then saved. $0304 is a special

Automatic RUN Q.'. I've noticed that commercial ML programs often use an "auto-start" technique where the mere act of

loading the program causes it to run. Could you please explain how this works? Bob Burdick

A; Aside from the degree of copy protection that

"warm start" pointer. Following a LOAD, the computer always goes where this address tells it to窶馬ormally that will be a routine which prints

READY and puts the machine in BASIC standby mode, waiting for further instructions. However, you can tamper with this pointer, giving your

own ML routine control of the computer.

DATA In Machine Language

this technique permits, it also has real value to the programmer. If you use a disk drive, you can simply load in one of your own customized boot

GLw. Data tables. I've tried every combination of

programs and it can then call in another program

What is the proper way to enter data tables?

automatically and start it running. (The term boot refers to the phrase "pulling itself up by its own bootstraps.")

There are several ways to take control of the computer following a disk LOAD. One way is to

alter the stack. This is the section of memory be tween addresses 256-511 which holds all active RTS (ReTurn from Subroutine) addresses as two-

byte numbers. Each time you JSR (Jump to SubRoutine) in ML or GOSUB in BASIC, the address

following the JSR/GOSUB is pushed onto the top of the stack. If you change the address on the top of the stack, you change where the computer will go when it encounters the next

RTS/RETURN at the end of a subroutine. By placing a new address on top of the stack, you can force the computer to execute your own ML routine. A boot program can be saved in a special way so that it includes the stack.

Then, when loaded, the altered stack covers over the normal one and, when the LOAD is finished, the computer obediently pulls off the artificial re

numbers, dollar signs, and numbers signs, but my monitor, Supermon, keeps giving me error messages.

Chris Solar

A: Data tables are to ML programming what

DATA statements are to BASIC. They are zones of non-instructions, places where pure information is stored for the program's use. For example, sup

pose your program needed to know the ages of your three children: 10 DATA 5,7,9

20 PRINT "LAURIE IS";:READ XtPRINT X 20 PRINT 'TOMMY IS";:READ X:PRINT X 20 PRINT "BILL IS";:READ X:PRINT X

In BASIC, the computer ignores any infor mation following the word DATA unless it comes upon a READ statement. In ML, you've got to know where your program starts and ends and then locate data tables outside of the program it self. There is no automatic sliding past data.

Coming upon a data table located within an ML program, the computer will try to interpret the table as instructions. The consequences are un

ML load-and-run routine awaits). For specific

pleasant. Likewise, the computer does not keep track of which data items have been read. That, too, is up to you. By convention, ML data tables

information on how to set this up, see Dan Carmichael's article "Autoload" in an upcoming

are stored at the end of an ML program. To print the childrens' ages (not their names)

issue.

in ML:

turn address and goes there (where your special

104

COMPUTERS Gazolto

August 1984

6502 commands; they cannot know that you

$FFD2

20 30 40

LDY #0 LOOP LDA TABLE,Y; LOAD ITEM BEQ END; ZERO MEANS FINISHED

JSR

want certain numbers to remain as pure num bers, pure information.

To enter letters of the alphabet with LADS,

I NY

70 80

JMP ;

LOOP

END

RTS

you would program: 10 TABLE .BYTE "ABCDE END

100

;

—

110

TABLE

.BYTE

DATA

LOOP

TABLES

and to do the same thing in a monitor assembler, you would enter the .M memory mode and type

—

.BYTE

the ASCII code for the letters:

THE

CHILDREN'S AGES

.M 0378 41 42 43 44 45 00 FF FF

When using a monitor assembler, how do you know where the table is located, where to

Obviously, this ML isn't using Supermon or any other monitor. It's an advanced assembler

LDA from? You can either plan where you're going to put the table before writing the pro gram, or go back and reassemble over the

which allows variable names (see line 10), com ments, and simplified data entry (any numbers or letters following the .BYTE command tell the

instructions which reference it after you find out where the table will be located.

assembler to put them directly into memory as is—they're not to be assembled as ML com

mands). You write your ML the same way you'd

If you have any questions thai you'd like lo see

(This is the LADS assembler from my new book,

answered in this column, please write to Machine Language For Beginners, P.O. Box 5406, Greens

write a BASIC program, using line numbers, etc. The Second Book of Machine language.)

boro, NC 27403. W

Since ML written and listed in this form is far easier to read and study, we'll be using these conventions from now on in this column.

C-64

However, if you're assembling from a mon itor, the .BYTE instruction is not available and you must enter the direct memory mode via the .M command. After you finish writing your ML program, exit the assembly mode and type .M XXXX XXXX to display a section of memory

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Your error was trying to enter data while in the .A assembler mode of the monitor. Simple assemblers will try to turn any information into

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■ Easy, abbreviated Disk Commands

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VICreations Dan Carmichael, Assistant Editor

Enhancing Your VIC With The Super Expander Commodore's Super Expander for the VIC-20 is a

VIC which POKE or PEEK screen or color mem

versatiSe cartridge that allows you to do hiresolution and multicolor mode drawings, adds eight more colors, adds function key and music RAM memory. If you don't have a Super Expan

ory will run successfully with the Super Expander. The beginning of BASIC is moved from 4096 to 1024. But, because of the VIC's ability to relocate BASIC programs, this shouldn't present any prob lems with programs written for the unexpanded

der, or if you seldom use the one you own,

VIC.

commands, and provides an additional 3K of

here's a look at what you've been missing. After inserting the Super Expander cartridge into the expansion port, you've got not only an additional 3K of usable RAM, but much, much more. It adds extra commands to your BASIC vocabulary which allow you to create works of video art in the hi-res mode. With new com mands such as DRAW, CIRCLE, PAINT, POINT, and CHAR, you can draw boxes, circles, or just

about any shape. The PAINT command allows you to fill your work of art with color. And the CHAR command lets you mix text with your hi res drawings. You can also set four sound tones and the volume simultaneously.

With the RPOT, RPEN, and RJOY com mands you can read the paddles, light pen, and the joystick with a single command. These com mands save programming time and memory be cause you no longer have to write your own

subroutines for these applications.

Using The Super Expander As with all cartridges, turn off your VIC, carefully insert the cartridge into the expansion port, then turn the VIC on. The first message displayed is 6519 BYTES FREE. Unlike the 8K or 16K expanders, the Super Expander does not affect screen and color mem ory locations. It uses memory locations 1024 to

4095. Thus, screen memory (7680-8191) and color (38400-38911) are unchanged. Any programs written for the unexpanded 106

COMPUTERS Gazelle

August 1984

Let's look at the Super Expander commands and see what they do:

GRAPHIC—prepares the screen for graphics use.

SCNCLR—clears the graphic screen area.

COLOR—-allows you to set the screen, bor der, character, and auxiliary colors. REGION—sets character color only. DRAW—draws a straight line between two points.

POINT—allows you to turn on a single dot (pixel).

CIRCLE—draws a circle, ellipse, or arc.

Directional Values With The RJOY Command

PAINT—fills in an enclosed area with color. CHAR—allows you to put text on the graph ics screen.

SOUND—lets you set four tones and the speaker volume simultaneously. These additional functions will read the screen or

a memory location and return a value: RGR—displays the current graphic mode. RCOLR—returns the value in a color

reads the joystick, and returns a value. Enter and RUN the following BASIC program: 10

PBINTRJOY(0):GOTO10

Now move your joystick in various directions to see how this command works. Reading the paddles and light pen is done in much the same way as the joystick. RPOT is used

to read the paddles, and RPEN to read the po sition of the light pen.

A Musical Expander

RDOT—-returns the color of a single point

With the Super Expander, you can also play mu sic by typing directly on the keyboard, or with

(pixel) on the screen.

RPEN—reads the current position of the light pen. RJOY-—reads the position of the joystick. RSND—returns the value in a sound register.

PRINT statements within a BASIC program'. A

nice feature of the music option is the fact that it is interrupt driven. This means that music can be played while the program is doing other things— almost like running two programs simultaneously.

Other features include the ability to display

Hi-Res And Multicolor Modes

the note characters on the screen as they are

With the GRAPHIC command, you can draw in

played, selection of octaves, tempo, and rests, and

multicolor mode, hi-resolution mode, or a combination of the two. A major difference be tween each of these modes is horizontal resolu tion. To demonstrate, enter the following one-line

playing the notes sharp or flat.

program:

GRAPHIC2:DRAW2,512,300TO512,700

This program draws a vertical line down the cen ter of the screen in the hi-res mode. Note the width of the line. When drawing in the hi-res

mode, the resolution is fine (the lines are thin). Now change the GRAPH1C2 to read GRAPHIC! and run it again. This will draw the same line in the multicolor mode.

You'll see that the horizontal resolution is halved (the line is twice as thick). Although multi color mode lets you choose from four colors (as opposed to two in hi-res mode), you do sacrifice resolution.

Programmable Function Keys The eight function keys are already programmed with the Super Expander. When a function key is pressed, a Super Expander keyword (such as

GRAPHIC, COLOR, CIRCLE, etc.) is printed. Al though each of the keys is assigned a keyword, they can be programmed to suit your own needs. With the use of the KEY command, you can assign any string or command to one of the func tion keys up to 128 characters long, including cursor or color controls.

To illustrate some of the Super Expander's capabilities, try this demonstration program. It will show you how your VIC can be a much more powerful machine.

Super Expander Demo

The differences in resolution in these modes also affect text printed to the screen. Enter this fine to print ABC on the screen using the hi-res

GRAPHIC2:SCNCLR:COLOR1,3,0,2

CIRCLE

mode:

40 REGION4:CHARL,5,"COLOR PILL"

GRAPHIC2:CHAR9,9,"ABC"

In this mode, the letters print correctly. Now change the GRAPHIC2 to GRAPHIC1 and run the program again. This changes the mode to multicolor, and as you can see, the letters are somewhat distorted. It's best not to mix multicolor graphics and text on the same screen. However, you can use GRAPHIC3—mixed hi-res and multi

:rem

147

2,512,512,200,280:GOSUB500 :rem

162

20 CHAR1,6,"CIRCLES"

:rem 136 : rem 92

REGION2:PAINT2,512,512:GOSUB500:rem 26

SCNCLR:REGION0:CHAR1,7,"LINES"

REGIONS:DRAW2,200,200TO800,200:GOSUB50 0 :rem 191

REGIONS:CHAR1,7,"BOXES"

:rem 48

:rem 57

REGION6:DRAW2,800,200TO800,800TO200,80

0TO200,200:GOSUB500

:rem

185

jrem

158

100 REGION5:CHAR1,1,"INDIVIDUAL PIXELS" 200

Q=15!R=2 50:S=500:P=400:O=300iFORA=lTO

color—and text at the same time.

210

300 ;rem 255 CO=INT(RND(1)*Q)+0:X=INT(RND(1)*S)+R:

Reading The Joystick

220 230 499

Reading a joystick, paddle, or light pen is simple with the Super Expander. For example, RJOY

Y=INT{RND(1)*P)+O

:rem

REGI0NC0:P0INT2,X,Y:NEXT REGJ.ON0:CHAR9,6,"THE END" END

:rem 98 :rem 164 :rem 125

500 FORT=1TO1500:NEXTT:RETURN COMPUTEfs Gnzolto

171

: rem 142© AugusM984

107

String Search Glen Colbert

This timesaving machine language utility

searches through string arrays looking for a match much faster than its BASIC equiva lent. For the VIC and 64.

Although machine language is fast, BASIC is gen

erally preferable when you are writing a program to handle lots of strings: names, addresses, reci

pes, lists in general. BASIC has built-in string and array functions that make it easy to handle large volumes of information.

ft is frustrating, however, to have to wait

while the program searches through a few hun dred entries looking for a match. The longer the list, the slower BASIC becomes. String Search is fast because it is written in machine language (ML), although you don't have to understand ML to use it.

Special Instructions There are a couple of things you have to do

before using the program: 1. The first and second variables defined in the target program must be strings. To be safe, put

them in the first few lines. And the second string must be the "match" you're looking for. 2. The string array to be searched must be the first array DIMensioned. An integer array containing

the same number of elements must be the second array DIMensioned. The integer array will contain

flags that indicate a match was found. Program 1 is the BASIC loader for String

Search. When you RUN it, the ML routine is located to the top of BASIC memory and the pointers are reset, protecting it from BASIC. Pro

gram 1 can be incorporated into your own pro108

COMPUTE'S Gazette

August 1984

grams or loaded and run as a separate program before loading your own data management program.

To access the search routine, SYS (PEEK

(55) + 256*PEEK(56)). The ML routine is re locatable. If you prefer, you can put it up at $CO0O (49152) on the Commodore 64. Program 2 is a test of String Search. After you enter, SAVE, and RUN Program 1, RUN

Program 2. First, an array containing 300 ele ments is set up. BASIC then searches for a match and you see how many jiffies it took (a jiffy is one sixtieth of a second). Next, the ML routine is

used. You may be surprised at how much faster you get the results.

How It Works The search method used in this routine is quite simple. When it is called, the first operation is to

swap out a portion of the zero page ($D9-$E9) into the cassette buffer. The length of the string to be checked for is put into $D9 and the address of the string is set into $DA-$DB. Next, addresses $DC-$DD are set to point to the zero element of

the integer array. Addresses $EO-$E1 are set to point to the three bytes of string array information (length, low byte of address, and high byte of ad dress) for the zero element of the string array. Things are now in order for the processing loop. The first step in the processing loop is to in crement the pointers for the arrays that are being worked to the next element. For this reason, the zero element is not searched. The information for the string array element being worked is moved to

$E5-$E7. $E5 is checked for a null (string = "") and if it is null, the zero page information is put back in and returned to BASIC. A counter for the search string ($E2) and one for the searched

string ($E3) are set to zero and the search begins. Whether there is a match or not is deter mined by these counters. If the search string

counter is equal to the length of the search string, then there has been a match. If the

searched string counter is equal to the length of

the searched string, then there was no match. In either case, the routine sets the value in the inte

ger array and returns to the main loop to try the

ATTENTION ALL COMMODORE 64, VIC 20, and PET OWNERS! A complete self-tutoring BASIC programming course is now available. This course starts with turning your

computer

on,

programming just

about

next element of the array.

anything you want! This course is currently used in

mulator is loaded with the first character of the search string. This is compared against each ele ment of the searched string until a match is found. Then the second character of the search string is compared against the next character in the searched string and so on until the counter equals the length of the search string. If a match

classes and has also formed the basis of teacher

If the counters do not match, the accu

is not found, then the search string counter is re

set (but not the searched string counter) and the program loops back.

See program listings on page 133. <2f

both High School and Adult Evening Education literacy programs. Written by a teacher, who after having taught the course several times,

has put

together one of the finest programming courses available today. This complete 13 lesson course of over 220 pages

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Disk Purge Daniel Weiner

Get rid of unwanted disk files or recover deleted files with this utility for the VIC and 64. "Disk Purge" works with Com modore 2031, 4040,1540, and 1541 drives.

fortunately, some of the programs are not really great. There are times when the next day is spent typing "S0:FILENAME", deleting useless files and programs.

Disk Purge simplifies this process. It can be used on all Commodore computers, including the Like many other computer users, I go to a local user group meeting once a month and come home

with three or four disks full of great software. Un

64 and the VIC, and it works with 2031, 4040, 1541, and 1540 disk drives. It should not be used on the 8050 or 8250 because, unlike the other drives, these have more than one directory track.

Make Your Personal Computer Even More Useful and Versatile!

CHECK & STATIONERY VINYL CARRIERS FOR ADJUSTABLE TRACTOR-TYPE PRINTERS • Allows quick computer processing ot co riven II an a I checks, stationery, Index cards, invoices, purchase orders etc. • Also use on frldlon-lypo prlnlersar regular typewriters. • Check Carrier tunic, ivitli BASIC

FWeStar64

program

Indicate carrier rail with to order:

V—

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□

I—I S-2W Holds S« Business SBb

|—[

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Envelope! (rnquirns 10-1/2" Iraciof)

L-' Checks

■—'

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110

COMPUTE'S Gazette

August 1984

■^=ry Eastern House =by Eastern.

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Here conies the new generation of SM's

Looking At The Directory If you study the program listing, you'll leam a bit about how the disk drive stores information about programs. First, the program asks which drive you want to purge, and initializes that drive. It then reads in the first sector of the directory, which is

program series for the 64.

track eighteen, sector one.

Your personal profassioii.il addrass-fila-system. Up 10 620 addresses per disc In direct access. Including 5 exlra linos for

These directory sectors contain vital infor mation about the file, such as where the file is on

individual text/record. Totally menue-driven. ^^^^^^

Powerful editing and back-up facilities.

the disk, how large the file is, the filename, and

what type of file it is, which is what we're con

*"onlY S60j

Several hardcopy features.

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cerned with here.

The first byte of the directory sector is the file

type ORed with 128. A 128 is a DELeted file, 129 is a SEQuential file, 130 a PRoGram file, 131 a USeR file, and 132 a RELative file. Using this information, we can restore deleted files, or change the filetype and concatenate two program

files.

Deleting Files We are only concerned with file types that are greater than 128, so line 170 checks to see that a file does indeed exist there. If so, a loop prints out the filename. If you wish to delete the file, press Y; otherwise press N. It is not necessary to press SM SOFTWARE INC.

Here comes the new generation of SM's

262 Bethlehem Pike

Colmar. PA 1B915

RETURN after hitting one of the above keys. Also note that this program is able to delete illegal filenames, such as commas. Each directory sector can hold only eight

program series for the 64.

if"

JJlHISM64

index-soquBntial file manager gives you a new dimension

on direct access files. Up to 40 keys, various length for each record and up to 10 tiles can be handled at the sumo time by this sophisticated module. How cnuld you: programs survive without SM-ISM? PLACE YOUR CHECK OR MONEY ORDER NOW!

files, so every once in a while the program will let you know that it has gone to a new directory sec tor by printing out the next track and sector.

When it has gone through all of the files in

the directory, the program validates the disk. If this is not done, the files will not be removed from the directory. Instead, they will show up as DELeted files, wasting directory space.

See program listings on page 133. ÂŠ

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COMPUTE! s Gazette

August 1984

111

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Error Trapping Alejandro A. Kapauan

message when programming and then

The subroutine at line 3050 POKEs a'small wedge program into the cassette buffer and in stalls its address in the error message printing

search of the culprit line. With this short

routine vector. If the wedge program is ever exe

It's frustrating to encounter an ERROR

spend a lot of time scanning your listing in subroutine added to your programs, you

can pinpoint the type of error and the line number.

cuted, it issues the command GOTO 200; in ef fect, the equivalent of ON ERR GOTO 200.

For safety, the wedge restores the original er

ror message routine vector when it is executed, so

that if an error occurs in the error handler, a nor Many versions of BASIC include a command which allows errors in a program to be trapped by the program itself. For example, in some BASICs the statement ON ERR GOTO 200 or TRAP 200 tells BASIC that if any error occurs in the pro gram, then branch to line 200. This is useful for programs in which errors

mal exit from the program is taken. If you want to reactivate the error handler again, you can set ET

fcrror

Too many files

File open File not open Pile not found

may result from certain values of data input. A spreadsheet program, for instance, may allow for

Device not present

Not input file

mulas to be entered which instruct it to divide the

Not output file

entries in one column by the entries of another. Unless special precautions are taken in the pro gram, a divide by zero, or even an overflow error

Missing filename Illegal Device numbei NEXT without

Syntax

might take place. The ON ERR or TRAP state ment can allow the programmer to trap such

RETURN without '

Out of data Illegal quantity

errors.

Unfortunately, Commodore BASIC does not include such a statement. However, the

Overflow Out of memory

Undefined statement

accompanying subroutine can be incorporated in your own programs to allow automatic error trapping.

Setting The Trap Include lines 200-4020 in your program. To set an error trap, set the variable ET to the line num ber of the error handling routine you want to

jump to when an error occurs, then GOSUB 3050. In your error handling routine, you can call the subroutine at line 4000 which sets EN, LN, and ER$ to the error number, line number, and error

W/M

D.id subscript ReDIM'd array Division by zero Illegal direct Type mismatch String too long

File data Formula ton complex Can't continue Undefined function VERIFY ' . LOAD Break

message string. COMPUTE'S Gazalra

August 19B4

113

to its line number then GOSUB 3060 (line 3050

can be skipped if the wedge is already in place). At any time, you can change the error

which corresponds to the errors listed in the table. The line number where the error occurred

can be found in locations 890 and 891 in low byte/high byte format. I have supplied a sub

handler line number by setting ET to the line number and GOSUB 3060. If an error occurs in immediate mode, the normal error message rou tine is called. Program 2 for the Commodore 64 is slightly different in that an error number of 128 is not really an error, but a normal program END. The lines shown in Program 3 can be added to either Program 1 or 2 to provide a simple

demonstration of the error trapping routine.

routine which starts at line 4000 in Programs 1 and 2 which sets the variable EN to the error

number, the variable LN to the line number, and the string variable ER$ to the error message string corresponding to the error number EN. In this sample program, the error handling routine does nothing but print a message and stop. In your own programs, you might want to

recover from the error and resume execution of your program.

Triggering The Trap

See program listings on pages 156. Q

Lines 10-50 (Program 3) compute the quotient 1/X with X varying from 10 to zero. Of course, everything will be okay until the quotient 1/0 is computed, when a division by zero error occurs. This would normally cause the program to quit and an error message to be printed. However, in

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- Accents Two BKiS EPRoru

DO-IT-YOURSELF CARTRIDGE ICIT._

Therefore, when the quotient 1/0 is computed at line 40, the program immediately jumps to line

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Using The

GET Statement Alfred J. Bruey

GET has many uses, from controlling user

input to interrupting program execution.

Here are some examples of when to use, and when to avoid, this versatile command.

Every program manipulates data. And most re

quire the user to input some of the data. The usual way to do this is with an INPUT statement. But a user can enter anything in re sponse to an INPUT statement: a number, a letter, a special character, even just a cursor movement.

He might even press the RETURN key without entering any data at all.

If RETURN is pressed, you might not get the results you want. If, for example, you have

pressed by the user. Sixty times a second the computer checks the keyboard. If a key is being pressed, the ASCII value of that character is put in the keyboard buffer. Most of the time the letter is printed on the screen and the buffer cleared. But when a program is running, the buffer can fill up. The computer will use the letters when the program ends or when an INPUT or GET occurs.

If there is no value in the keyboard buffer, it goes on without waiting for a character to be entered,

[f you execute the statement ioo GET AS

and there is nothing in the keyboard buffer, A$ will be set equal to the null string. If there is nothing in the buffer when the line 100 GET N

programmed: 200 210

INPUT"ENTER WORD PRINT N?

";N$

is executed, N will be set equal to 0. To see how this works, enter and run these two short programs:

the answer you will get if you press RETURN de pends on what value N$ had earlier in the pro

gram. If N$ had been set equal to the string "HELLO" earlier with the line 100

N$="HELLO"

then you would get HELLO after pressing RE

TURN. If N$ hadn't been assigned earlier, it

10 A$="HELLO" 20

GET

and 10

N=10

GET

N N

would be set equal to the null (nothing) character.

An Alternative In many cases, GET is preferable to INPUT. The operation of the GET statement is easy to under stand: When the computer encounters a GET statement, it assigns the first character in the key

board buffer to the variable named in the GET statement and then goes on. The keyboard buffer is ten memory locations (631-640) which remember which keys were 116

COMPUTE'S Gazetta

August 1984

A String Is Safer If the only input you want to use in a GET state

ment is an integer from 1 to 9, a numeric variable can be used in the GET statement, but normally string variables are used with the GET statement,

if you use a line like GET N and type any key other than the number keys 0-9, the program will stop with a SYNTAX ERROR message. Since the GET statement doesn't wait for you to enter a character, you have to do something to

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slow the statement down. This can be done as fol lows. (Be sure you don't have any spaces between the quote marks in line 100.) 100

GET

A$i

200

IF A$=""

THEN

user to press RETURN to signal that he is done. Next, add: 400

100

Note that when you run this short program,

nothing happens until you press a character. Then this character is printed on the screen by the PRINT command. You can see how it works:

the IF-THEN instruction puts the GET statement into a one-statement loop. Execution stays in line 100 until you press a key.

You may have noticed that the GET state

ment does not prompt you with a question mark or message the way an INPUT statement does. It's a good idea to put a PRINT statement in

front of the GET statement to tell the user when it's time to enter data.

This line checks the value of Z$(K). It will be ac cepted as a valid character if, and only if, it is a digit from 0 to 9, a DELETE character (CHR$(20)), or a RETURN character (CHR$(13)). If it is none

of these, control is returned to line 300 to wait for a valid character.

A RETURN Bug Now run the program again. There is still a prob lem, because you can enter the RETURN key even if you haven't entered five characters yet. So let's add this line: 500

Numeric Input One use of the GET statement is to count charac ters. One example of this might be where you re quire someone to enter a social security number, always nine digits long, or a zip code, which is al ways five digits long.

PRINT"ENTER 5 FOR K=l TO 5

300 GET

900

ZS(K):

1000

Z$(K);

DIGIT

ZIP

CODE

Z$[K)="" THEN

K<6

AND Z$(K)=CHR${13)

THEN

300

This allows the RETURN key to be accepted only as the sixth character. Next we need to add a line to make sure

someone doesn't try to delete a character when there isn't one there to delete: 600

Let's look at an example: 100 200

IF (ZS(K)>"9" OR Z$(K)<"0") AND ZS(K) <>CHRS(20) AND Z$(K)<>CHR$(13) THEN 3

K=l

AND

Z$(K)=CHR$(20)

THEN

300

There's still a problem because the DELETE character counts as one of the characters allowed for input. We can stop this with the line:

300

700

The semicolon in line 900 is necessary for the five digits to be printed on the same line. At first appearance, this program looks just like what we needed. But there are a lot of short comings. For example, the program will allow you

to enter the five characters QWERT as a valid zip code. Try using the DELETE key to correct a mis

IF Z$(K)=CHR$(20) ;:K=K-1:GOTO

THEN

CHRS(20)

300

This statement checks for the delete character.

If it finds it, it prints a delete character. Then it reduces the character count by 1 and goes back to wait for another character.

The Final Test

take; you'll see that the program counts the delete character as one of the five characters. Note, also, that cursor movements count as characters.

Now run this program. You'll see that you can enter and delete characters at will. It almost works. You might have discovered that this coding will allow you to enter a six-digit number.

Adding Error Correction

Earlier we put in a check to make sure that the

Let's put in the changes that we need to allow the user to correct a typing error with the DELETE

key and restrict input so the user can only enter digits from 0 to 9.

FOR

K=l

100

PRINT"ENTER S

RETURN

DIGIT

ZIP

CODE

AND

PRES

These two lines together allow the user to correct

the fifth digit before going on. This requires the 118

COMPUTE-s Gazette

K=6

AND

Z$(K)<>CHR$(13)

THEN

300

Your final program should look like this:

and line 100 to: 100

RETURN character: 800

First we change line 200 to: 200

RETURN character could only be entered as the sixth character; now we need to make sure that, if the sixth character isn't a DELETE, it's a

August 198J

print"(right}enter

five

digit

e and"iprint"{right)press TO

200

FOR

K=l

300

GET

Z5(K)sIF Z?(K)=""THEN 300:

400

IF 0

cod

(Z${K)>"9"

<>CHRยง(20)

zip

return"

AND

Z$(K)<"0")

AND

Z$(K)

Z$(K)OCHRS(13)THEN

500

K<6

600

IFK=1

700

AMD

Z$(K)=CHRS(13)

mon response. The lines below show how this might be programmed:

300

AND Z$(K)=CHR$(20)THEN 300

Z$(K)=CHR$(20)

;:K=K-1:GOTO

THEN

PRINT CHR$(20)

300

B00

IF K=6 AND Z$(K)<>CHR${13)

900

PRINT Z$(K)i

1000

THEN

100

INPUT"PLAY AGAIN

200

300

IF A$="Y" (SPACE].

300

The GET statement can also be used within a program to allow time for a user to perform an outside action. For example, assume the user is

SPECIAL

FORM

PRINTER

1200

D TURN ON PRINTER " PRINT"PRESS C KEY WHEN YOU ARE TO CONTINUE" GET A$: IF A$o"C" THEN 1200

1300

REH

1100

PROGRAM

READY

CONTINUES

OVER":END

If you just press RETURN, the Y will automati cally be entered. If you want to enter N, simply type it over the Y and press RETURN. <ff

VIC & 64

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The GET statement can be used to put a pause in a program. For example, say you have a long print job to do, but you want to be able to inter rupt it at any time. With the GET statement, you can go through the PRINT statement (I'll just

print to the screen here) as long as you want. When you press the S key, printing will stop. When you press C, it will continue where it left off. This example prints integers from 1 to 50000, stopping when you press S and continuing when you press C: 100

FOR

1=1

110

GET

AS:

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120

GOTO

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GET

140

150

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Avoiding The GET Statement Now that we've seen how to use the GET state ment, you should also understand that it isn't al ways necessary to use it. If you want to make it easy for a user to make a default entry, then you can more easily use the INPUT statement. The technique for doing this is to use cursor controls

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the prompt from the INPUT statement. Then pressing RETURN will cause the characters to be entered.

For example, suppose that you want to ask a question for which the answer is either yes or no (Y or N), and that you want Y to be the default entry since you expect it will be the most com

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119

HORIZONS: 64

Charles Brannon Program Editor

Feedback from owners of the MSD disk drive: Most say they are very pleased with the drive and have had no problems with it. Many of the

owners bought their MSD drive because of the unavailability or dissatisfaction with the 1541. Other owners wanted a dual-drive system, and opted for MSD. A few readers are using an IEEE488 interface with the MSD, and find there is a

noticeable though not dramatic speed increase. One thing I neglected to mention in my earlier column is that the MSD drive will format a disk in only 20 seconds. Reader James Baker tried some benchmarks and found that the MSD would set up a data disk for The Home Account ant in seven minutes as compared to eleven min

utes for the 1541. The MSD also runs the Check

Disk program {found on the 1541 Test/Demo

disk) about three times faster than his 1541. By the way, the latest 1541s on the market run much better (cooler, and more quietly) than their

It works with both the VIC-20 and the 64. It uses a tiny ribbon cartridge, and the paper feed is more reliable than the 1525. Some readers

have had trouble finding a replacement ribbon cartridge. Reader E. Thornlimb says that Radio Shack's DMP 110 is much like the MPS-801, and uses the same ribbon cartridge, which is available for $7.95 {catalog number 26-1283). I don't know why the printer is called the

MPS-801 instead of a number like 1525 or 1526,

but that may be the manufacturer's product num

ber. Commodore doesn't design and build its own printers. It OEM's them (OEM stands for Original

Equipment Manufacturer, which sounds contradic tory), then customizes them with a Commodore interface and operating systemâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;yet keeps the price low, which is rather remarkable for an OEM. Radio Shack obviously does the same thing with

predecessors.

their DMP-110. The 1526 printer appears to be an OEM'ed Epson MX-80, but the character set looks more

We've had many requests for the address of Concorde Peripheral systems, manufacturer of

like the MX-70's (which doesn't seem to be around anymore). It has a very good looking

the alleged high-speed C-321P Commodorecompatible disk drive, so here it is:

Concorde Peripheral Systems 23152 Vcrdugo Drive

'Laguna Hills, CA 92653 As this column goes to press, we have yet to receive our review drive for evaluation. We talked with Concorde, and they said they were working out a few software compatibility prob

lems, but that the drive should be available by the time you read this. The drive looks quite promising, and has been advertised for only a

few dollars more than the 1541, but I'd like to

see one first before buying.

New Commodore Printers The new Commodore MPS-801 and 1526 printers have also been the subject of a lot of mail. First, the MPS-801. This printer is a direct replacement for the 1525. It costs the same, works the same, prints the same mediocre character set, and is about as slow. The good news is that it appears to

be built better, and has a more attractive case. The MPS-801 is completely compatible with all 1525 printer codes, and apparently is not as different internally as it looks on the outside. 120

COMPUTE'S Gaialle

August 1994

character set, especially if you use the carbon film ribbon (though the carbon ribbon is used up quickly). You may remember that the 1526 printer was released earlier, then recalled due to serial interface problems {it would sometimes lock up the serial bus, preventing disk access). The current

1526 still has an occasional serial lock-up when used with the 64, but there are serious serial bus problems with the VIC-20. The box it came in was stamped FOR 64 ONLY, which seems to be a

quick fix for the problem. Even 64 owners have had problems with the 1526, and for good reason. The 1526 is a Commodore-compatible printer, but it isn't

compatible with the 1525. The 1526 seems to be a Commodore 4022 printer with a serial inter face. The 2022 and 2023 printers were the Com modore standard during the era of the PET/CBM 2001, 3000, 4000, and 8000 series computers (such as the 8032 and SuperPET). A 4022 printer replaced the 2022 with an MX-80 type printer, but still honored all the 2022 codes and stan

dards. This 4022 seems to be now marketed as the 1526 for 64 owners, but is still the 4022 in ternally. If the 2022 standard was carried over to the 1525, all would be well. VIC and 64 owners could use the business software written for the

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2022/4022. But the 1525 had smaller ROMs, so luxurious features like formatted output were re placed with more limited, but useful features like dot-graphics mode. The 1526 has many powerful commands. Al though it lacks graphics mode, it does have a programmable character. That's right, one pro grammable character. You define it, then print

CHR$(254) whenever you want it to appear. You could do a high-resolution screen dump with it, but many, many passes would be required to print a single line, and a full page could take an hour. In text mode, though, the 1526 is zippy, printing at 60 cps {characters per second). A powerful feature for tabulated reports is the formatting channel. You define a string that describes how you want printed data to appear, then all output through another channel con forms to the "picture" you have defined. For

example, if "AAA $999,99" were the field, and you sent "TOTAL",450, you'd get "TOT

$450.00" on the printer. This is an indirect way to allow PRINT USING, a similar, built-in fea ture on most larger Microsoft BASICs.

The 1526 can also do automatic form feeds between pages, and has a diagnostic mode that displays error messages on the paper if you pro gram the printer incorrectly. It honors cursor up

in the VIC-20 and 64, but even some of the BASIC tokens are different. You can still load

VIC or 64 programs into the 264, since 2.0 to kens remain the same; but even though 264 BASIC has Super Expander and BASIC 4.0 com

mands, these extended commands are not token-

compatible with either BASIC 4.0 or the Super

Expander. Looks like a whole new market will have to spring up to support the 264, and that's only if Commodore is lucky.

Simons' BASIC: 100 New Commands Yet another Commodore product that has gen erated a lot of mail is Simons' BASIC. What is it? What can you do with it? People are curious

about a product which promises to simplify ad

vanced programming on the 64. As you know, there are no commands in 64 BASIC for graphics, sound, or business applications. Simons' BASIC rectifies the situation with over 100 new com

mands. It's on cartridge and uses 8K of address space, giving you a FRE(0) of 30717. It was devel oped by David Simons, a 16-year-old from

England. There is indeed a plethora of com mands. Here are a few, almost self-explanatory commands:

seems to fail on the 1526 because of the change

AUTO RENUMBER FIND CENTRE DIR COLOUR HIRES MULTI LINE CIRCLE PAINT DRAW CHAR FLASH HRDCPY FILL MOB SET DESIGN IF..THEN..ELSE PROC EXEC ON ERROR VOL WAVE ENVELOPE MUSIC PLAY PENX POT JOY

in codes.

The language is divided into several logical

and cursor down to switch between upper- and

lowercase, as well as lowercase mode through a secondary address of 7. But it uses the code

CHR$(14) for elongated characters, instead of the CHR$(15) the 1525 uses. The 1525 printer test

What do we do about the 1526? It's an in expensive, good quality, powerful printer. But it's incompatible with many programs designed for the 1525, and will not work properly with the VIC-20. For about the same price, you could buy a third-party printer and an interface (see else where in this issue for information on these) that makes it compatible with the 1525. You can still use the 1526 with many programs, including

SpeedScript (although some commands, under line for example, won't work). In the future, more programs will probably support either printer. But I wish Commodore would realize

that compatibility makes the industry's job easier, and encourages a proliferation of quality pro grams for their computers. The inexpensive 1520 four color printer/plotter (see the review else where in this issue) also uses a completely dif ferent printer standard.

The latest goof, if you will, is the Com modore 264. This, too, is a powerful, inexpensive computer, but it flies in the face of the VIC-20 and 64. Not only are the BASIC and graphics capabilities distinctly different from those found 122

COMPUTE'S Gazelle

August 19B4

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Input Validation And Text Manipulation. These commands give you control over INPUT, allowing only certain keys. You can read and set the cursor position, center text, align numeric data, check function keys, even interrupt on the press ing of any key. Extended string operations let you insert one string into another, overlay one string within another, search for a substring within a string, and duplicate a character many times.

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COMPUTEfs Gazotte

August 1984

123

Numeric Aids. MOD (short for modulo) allows you to "return the remainder when one integer is

divided by another." For example, MOD(4,3) re

turns 1, MOD(3,2) returns 2, MOD(2,2) returns 0. You can use MOD to extract the low byte of a 16-bit number with MOD(n,256). DIV gives you the integer result of a division; FRAC gives you the fractional part of a number (FRAQ1.5) gives .5). You can do binary to decimal and hexadeci mal to decimal conversions, and Exclusive OR two numbers.

Graphics. This is one of the biggest sections in the language. You can draw, paint, and color in high resolution. PLOT turns on a single dot, LINE connects two points to draw a line, CIRCLE

and ARC let you draw circles and parts of circles and ellipses. PAINT will fill in any shape with a color. With DRAW, you can design a shape with direction vectors, even ROTate it. You can easily put text on the graphics screen, with either character set. There are too many commands to cover here, but you'll find almost anything you

need. The wealth of graphics commands exceeds that found on the Atari or even IBM Advanced BASIC.

Text Screen Manipulation. You can easily use Extended Background Color Mode with BCKGNDS. FLASH will alternate a character drawn in a certain color between normal and re verse field. BFLASH can be used to alternate the border between two colors. Both commands op erate in the background: Your program will con tinue to run while they do their work. FCHR lets you fill a rectangular region of the screen with a character. Its complement, FCOL, fills an area with a certain color. Combined, they give you FILL. MOVE is used to copy one area of the screen to another (handy for multidirectional

scrolling). But wait, there are built-in commands to scroll the screen left or right. You can also INVerse a part of the screen. SCRSV and SCRLD let you save or load a text screen. COPY repro duces the graphics screen on a 1525 compatible printer (but not on the 1526, alas). HRDCPY does likewise with the text screen.

Sprites. There are plenty of commands for sprite programming. DESIGN reserves space. You can draw a sprite or a character with the @ sign,

embedding the shape right within your program. The word MOB is used in many of the commands. Apparently, Commodore called their sprites MOBs (for Movable OBjects) until the more popular term "sprite" (earlier used by Texas COMPUTE! s Gamie

of sprite over background, and whether the sprite is normal or multicolor. MMOB moves a sprite to any screen position, can change its X or Y expan

sion, even move a sprite automatically at various speeds. RLOCMOB merely relocates a sprite to a new position. DETECT allows collision detection

with CHECK. Finally, MOB OFF removes a sprite from the screen. You can also easily set up

There arc two disk commands, which replace the need for a DOS wedge: DISK "command", such as DISK "S0:SNERD" to scratch the file called "SNERD". DIR will display the directory.

124

Instruments and a few others) replaced MOB. So

CMOB sets the color of a multicolor sprite. MOB SET lets you initialize the sprite pointer, priority

August 1984

character graphics. MEM moves the character patterns from ROM to RAM. The memory con figuration moves all around, though. The text

screen is stored at $C000, but is bumped up to

$CC00 after MEM. DESIGN is used again to re place a character, followed by @ and the charac ter definition.

Structured Programming. If all that wasn't enough, Simons' BASIC may change the very style of your programming. Program control of execution is very important. Normally, you con

trol execution with statements like GOSUB, IF/.THEN, and GOTO. Simons' BASIC extends IF.1.THEN to allow ELSE, which will be executed when the IF fails. REPEAT.'.UNTIL will cause a section of code to run until a certain condition is met. A strange command, RCOMP, lets you redo

the condition of the last IF.'.THEN, making the statement following it act as if the IF.'.THEN were repeated. Program looping is simplified (or is it?) with LOOP.'.EXIT IF/.END LOOP. LOOP and END LOOP bracket the code to be repeated. The loop will continue until you leave it with EXIT IF, which is followed by a condition.

A very powerful capability is PROC, which lets you define a subroutine that can be called by

name with EXEC. You can also label a section of code with PROC and use CALL to jump to it (like GOTO). This makes program execution to tally independent of line numbers. A simple sys

tem of LOCAL and GLOBAL variables are also supported. You can temporarily reuse the same

variable names within a procedure without changing the original value, which is restored when you use GLOBAL. Many people think structured programming

inhibits their creativity. I don't flowchart or plan out my programming very much, and resist any suggestions to do so. Like many people, I prefer to just sit down at the keyboard and begin crafting. Structured programming as a discipline does encourage, even enforce this "plan before

you do" approach, but adding the capability to structure your work enhances your options. I wish standard BASIC had IF.'.THEN.'.ELSE.

Simons' BASIC may not keep me from using GOTO, but I definitely prefer branching to a

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named section of code rather than using a meaningless and arbitrary GOTO 5500. Anyway, you can also trap and handle error conditions with ON ERROR GOTO. If there is

a number from 1 to 8, giving one of the direc tions), and PENX and PENY (horizontal/vertical position of the light pen).

Can you memorize 100 commands? The core of BASIC isn't even that big. I find that there are

any error, program execution will divert to a spe

cial error handling routine that you write. You

more commands than you really need. A lan guage should be general purpose; some of the

can also use it to skip over lines that would cause an error, such as printing to a nonexistent printer. OUT disables error trapping. The error number is returned in the variable ERRN, and

commands are too specific, such as LEFT and

RIGHT, which scroll the screen left and right. CENTRE A$ can be easily replaced with the longer PRINT TAB(20-LEN{A$)/2);A$. It's amaz ing that so many commands can be built into the

ERRLN gives the line number where the error occured.

cartridge, but I think Simons' BASIC goes a little

Music. These commands simplify the use of the SID chip, but not too much. You still have to know how to shape the envelope and choose waveforms. Commands just replace POKEs, such as VOLume, and WAVE. The MUSIC command

too far. Don't be intimidated by it, however.

Again, you can use only the commands you need.

Another problem is that you can only run programs written with Simons' BASIC on an

other machine with Simons' BASIC. If you've been using it, write and tell me what you think. Incidentally, Simons' BASIC changes the screen color, even if you use RUN/STOP-RESTORE. So if you're already used to light blue on blue, get

compiles a string of notes, and PLAY executes the music. I'm not sure what the difference is be tween MUSIC and PLAY, except that PLAY can play music in the background while your pro gram continues to execute.

ready to switch again.

Finally, Simons' BASIC simplifies the use of joysticks, paddles, and a light pen. No more PEEKing; just use POT to read the paddle (poten tiometer), JOY to read the joystick (which returns

Simons' BASIC is available from Commodore or your local dealer. Suggested retail price is

$59.95. 48

NEWS8c PRODUCTS Simultaneous Interface For VIC-20 And 64 The Reunion, recently introduced by HyTech, simultaneously interfaces a VIC-20 and Com modore 64 to a disk drive

I'l'l'l'i

â&#x2013;

'â&#x2013;

and/or printer, providing two computer systems.

In addition, through elec tronic coupling, The Reunion per

The Reunion, by Hytech, simultaneously interfaces the VIC-20 and

mits saving and loading of VIC-

Commodore 64 with a disk drive and/or a printer, providing two computer

20 and Commodore programs

systems.

126

COMPUTE'S Gazotte

August 1984

NEWSScPRODUCTS

on the same disk. Cable switch

able cleaning disk should be used.

ing is not necessary.

The $39.95 retail price in cludes the program disk, two cleaning disks and a can of aerosol cleaning spray.

Any items attached to either computer, such as modems, expansion boards, etc.,

are unaffected by The Reunion. Should either computer be oper

ated while The Reunion is set for

Nortronics Company, Inc. 8101 Tenth Avc. N. Minneapolis, MN 55427

the other one, no damage will occur. Instead, a "device not present" error will be displayed.

(612)545-0401

Two models are available at $29.95 each. Model A interfaces the VIC-20 and a Commodore 64 with a disk drive and a printer. Model B interfaces the VIC-20 and Commodore 64 computers with a Datassette recorder.

Activision Software For Commodore

Hi/Tcch P.O. Box 466

Bay Pines, R 33504 (813)398-6661

Head Cleaner For Commodore

and cartridge formats for the fast action to space and adven ture, to sport, humor and strategy.

(415) 960-0410

Mountain View, CA 94043

DISK RIOT SKC

SS/SD

14.99/10

DS/DD

26.99/10

MD-1

21.99/10

MD-2

32.99/10

VERBATIM SS/SD

22.99/10

DS/DD

.12.99/10

REPLACEMENT PARTS Pcmer Pack feir Commodore 64 I/O C able Cor Commodore 64

SS/SD

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Dsmi)

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portion of the disk, loads the head and spins the drive for 30

Library Cue lor SM* DhlutIM

1.69

79.99

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134.99 269.99

Commodore Monitor 1702 Commodore HS.2J2lnr.erf>c*

244.99 '1.99

218-99

CommiidortCP/M Module

<»■»

JOYSTICKS (For Commodore & Atari) WICU Command Control WICOMVaj

TIwBom Krafi

AlarlJc.>51kMOrijlnal) Atlll 1'i.ddlM (Original)

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f BlHnr our Bnt Prltfi on Cuniputfrv Printer*. Moniiori,

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CommudiHt. Man. "nd Writ". Writ* for uur rHEE CATALOG, ritttttityi l<" thipplne. & hindlui((Min

imum H.M). M itiiiJnilsinu>nililpr«ptrnlt'l>i.rric«

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CALL OUR ORDER DESK TOLL-FREE

1-800-225-5905

From NY, Alaska, Hawaii call 212-219-2333

ing is done on the cleaning disk.

been used and that a replace

7.99/ta

12.49/jtt

next band when the next clean The program also tells the user when all four bands have

9-99

ACCESSORIES FOR COMMODORE

BULK DISKETTES *70.00/50

......... 39-99

All Oilier Parti in Slock ■ Call for Deliils

C ummodwe PrinWr MPS-SOI

DYSAN l^iih FREE library cbm)

program automatically steps the head out to the next unused

which one of the four cleaning bands it used last, and automat ically advances the head to the

for the cassette version.

Activision, Inc. 2350 Bayshore Frontage Road

software-driven head cleaner for

The program keeps track of

CBthlon—have been introduced for the Commodore 64, as well. The games retail for $34.95 in the disk version and $39.95

Commodore 64, ranging from

19.99/10

seconds.

order to create a single unified

H.E.R.O. and The Activision De-

SS/DD

wants to clean. Once the clean ing disk is prepared and in serted into the drive, the

ments to a pulsating source in

leased titles—Pitfall, Beannider,

TDK

asks the user which drive he

connect a glowing maze of ele

Toy Bizarre chronicles the midnight adventures of a regu lar guy named Merton who wakes up in a toy factory gone berserk with sound and motion. Four other previously re

Nortronics has announced a

The cleaner consists of a software program disk that first

and melody. The object is to

green image, or "Zenji."

Activision has announced six new entertainment titles in disk

MAXELL

Commodore computers.

Zenji is a strategy and puz zle game with an Eastern theme

COMPUTER CORPORATION

423 Broadway, New York,NY 10013

A Pea

Software Discounters r

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For Orders Only 1-800 ?25 SOF I

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125

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Opportunities far Learning, Inc., has announced publication of the new secondary school and

college edition of Selected Micro computer Software, a catalog of educational computer products. The catalog features more than 400 software programs,

books, and accessories for

schools with Commodore1 64, PET, Apple II, Atari, TRS-80,

and IBM microcomputers. Software is available in the

areas of mathematics, science,

reading and language arts, spell ing and vocabulary skills, com puter literacy and programming,

logic and simulations, teacher

and administrator utilities, SAT and test preparation, careers and guidance, social studies,

foreign language, business edu cation, games, music, and art.

SEOA

j2|

.V..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.]

The catalog is free. Also available free are the elementary school edition of Selected Micro computer Software and a catalog

of home educational software. MS w

PnaroatisCuise(TorD)...

12!

Za*HOn{TorD)....................... Zepellln{Tor D) ,., T1MEW0RKS Dau Managers |D|

Opportunities for Learning, inc.

8950 Lurline Avenue Depl. L79

COMPUTED GAZETTE welcomes announcements of'new products for VIC-20 and Commodore 64 computers, especial!}/ products aimed at beginning

WAVEFORM

MualcafcMDl. .

135

SICHtcll([)>

cjn

BASFSS.00

<oala Pad w/Paintor (O) Sakaln 13' Color Monitor. . . WIcdBosj o Bat Handle

releases and photos well in advance to: Tony Roberts, Assistant Managing Editor, COMPUTED GAZETTE,

$BS »23S

Wieo Red Ball

P.O Bo- 27B — Dspl. CG. WilrJwood. PA 15091 Osr SB.pOBll iiTUTIMIilelr Pwsonillcampiny crieclis Pfiiciearance No COD i VISAr MASIEPCARP ic

in na acoiinjim tnj.gs Id, oigerj smpMd lo com b A Shipping: ?, .-.. .: U.S.A. — OrUera under II 00 add

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$267

Legend 80 CPS

$239

Legend 100 CPS

$259

12 In. Amber Monitor . $89 Concord Disk Drive .. $297

SUCH-A-STEAL ON SOFTWARE! Epyx Summer Games Sublogic Flight Simulator II

$25 $37

Access Beachhead

$23

Screenplay Pogo Joe

$19

Infocom Sorceier Conlinental Home Acer Ilmeworks Word Writer Timeworks Data Manager II Commodore Magic Desk Microware Clone Machine Blue Sky Super Copy Handle CalcResuit Advanced

$33 $47 $39 $39 $55 $39 $29 $75

Synapse Zaxxon Spinnaker Kindercomp Datasofl Dallas Quest Dynatech Codewriter

$28 $19 $25 $69

Professional Word Fro 3 - Spellright. $69

CALL FOR OTHER SUCH-A-STEAL PRICES

ON SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE FOR YOUR COMMODORE 64

Augjsl 1984

AZ ! -".'

to intermediate users. Please send press

c* % 12

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Word Writer (D) TRONIX

ACCESSORIES AUuri Group Voids Bok(D) ...

NEW

Free Educational Catalog

CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-431-8697

P.O. Box5406, Greensboro, NC27403. New product releases are selected from submissions for reasons of timeliness, available space, and general interest to our renders. We regret ihttl weare unable to select all new product submissions for

publication. Readers should be aware that we present here some edited version

of material submitted by vendors and are

unable lo vouch for its accuracy at time of

publication. 41

For Customer Sen/ice Call: 602-957-3619 OHWrfiNG & TERMS Sena cajfiiec check, money ada,

pBtJonal/company checks aik>v 3 weeks bonk cleorance V.WMoMorCord occoploa Prc-rtdB pncoo number witn waer SHIPPING Soflwora odd M 00 fa lint

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pieces.

aa<3

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hot^voib odd 51000 Returns musi hove authorl/oiton number (coli eW-957-3419fa aunxxualion number) AIJ returned merchandiso subject to resiocklng too and mini

come wiffi all ong;naJ coctog'rtg. No returns

allowed after 30 days from $hippirng cJCTo Prices are Tor cosh. VISA and MasterCard add 3%. Rices subject to

change *ilt>ouT notice AJI &>Mucls subjecl lo availa bility trom manufacturers and/c iuepliors aji prices In U S dollars

What Is A Program A computer cannot perform any task by itself. Like a car without j>.is, a computer has potential, but without a program, it isn't going anywhere. Most of the programs published in COMPUTERS GAZETTE for Commodore art1 written in a computer

anguage called BASIC. BASIC is easy to learn nd is built into all VIC-20.S and Commodore 64s.

asic »^"H8HHi

Each month, computers GAZETTE tor Commodore publishes programs for both the VIC and 64. To start out, type in only programs written for your machine, e.g., "VIC Version" if you have a VIC-20.

Later, when you gain experience with your com puter's BASIC, you can try typing in and converting certain programs From another computer to yours.

Computers can be picky. Unlike the English language, which is full of ambiguities, BASIC usu-

•' ally has only one "right way" of stating something. Every letter, character, or number is significant A common mistake is substituting a'letter such as

O for the numeral 0, a lowercase 1 for the numeral

1, or an uppercase B for the numeral 8. Also, you must enter all punctuation such as colons and commas just as they appear in the magazine.

Spacing can be important. To be safe, type in the ,.'

to turn off your computer, then turn it back on. This will erase whatever program was in memory,

so always SAVE a copy of your yragram before you RUN it. If your computer crashes, you can LOAD the program and look for your mistake. Sometimes a mistyped DATA statement will cause an error message when the program is l\

The error message may refer to the programline that READs the data. The statements, llwusli. .'.

Get To Know Your Machine You should familiarize yourself with your com puter before attempting to type in a program. Learn the statements you use.to store and retrieve programs from tape or disk. You'll want to save a

copy of your program, so that you won't have to •ype it in every time you want to use ii. Learn to

use your machine's editing functions. How do

vou change a line if you made a mistake? You can always retype the line, but you at least need to know how to backspace. Do you know how

enter inverse video, lowercase, and control ■ acters? It's all explained in your computer1

WKKm WKK

A Quick Review

1. Type i V^e in ill the we program LPii^titiui a uimcoia

€/j/////Jf////fA//////////////, -I■

listings exactly as they appear.

Braces And Special Characters

.in

mil'-, ui vj«ji.i.

Press RETURN at the end of each line. Use back-

space or the back arrow to correct

The exception to this typing rule is when you see

2. Check the line you've typed against the line in

a set of braces is a special character or characters that cannot easily be listed on a printer. When

again if you get an error when you RUN the

the braces, such as "{ DOWN}". Anything within

'he magazine. You can check the entire program program.

About DATA Statement!

■

Some programs contain a section or sections of DATA statements. These lines provide information needed by the program. Some DATA statements contain actual programs (called machine language);

others contain graphics codes. These lines are espeally sensitive to errors.

If a single number in anyone DATA statement

; mistyped, your machine could "lock up," or crash." The keyboard and STOP key may seem 'dead/' and the screen may go blank. Don't panic

done. To regain control, vou have

We regret that we are not able to respond to individual inquiries about programs, products, or services appear ing in COMPUTERS GAZETTE fur Commodore due to

increasing publication activity. On those infrequent occasions when n published program contains a typo, the correction will appear in the magazine, usually toithin eight weeks. If you have specific questions about Hems or programs which you've seen in COMPUTED Gazette for Commodore, please scud them to Cazelfe

Feedback, P.O. Box3406. Greensboro, NC 27403.

ÂŠgrams Many of the programs which are listed in COMPUTEl's GAZETTE contain special control characters (cursor control, color keys, inverse video, etc.). To make it easy to know exactly what to type when entering one of these programs into your com puter, we have established the following listing conventions. Generally, any VIC-20 or Commodore 64 program listings wil! contain words within braces

which spell out any special characters: {DOWN! would mean to press the cursor down key. {5

SPACES 1 would mean to press the space bar five To indicate that a key should be shifted (hold down the SHIFT key while pressing the other

key), the key would be underlined in cur listings, â&#x20AC;˘or example, S would mean to type the S key while holding Ihe shift key. This would appear

on your screen as a "heart" symbol. If you find an underlined key enclosed in braces (e.g., {10 N}), you should type the key as many times as indicated (in our example, you would enter ten shifted N's).

If a key is enclosed in special brackets, |c^,

you should hold down the Commmioit'key while

the CTRL key while typing the letter in the braces. For example, {A] would indicate that you should press CTRL-A. You should never have to enter

such a character on the VIC-20, but if you do, you

would have to leave the quote mode (press RE

TURN and cursor hack up to the position where the control character should go), press CTRL-9 (RVS ON), the letter in braces, and then CTRL-0 (RVS OFF). About the quote mode: You know that you can

move the cursor around the screen with the CRSR

keys. Sometimes a programmer will want to move

the cursor under program control. That's why you see all the (LEFTJ's, (HOMEJ's, and {BLUJ's in our programs. The only way the com puter can tell the difference between direct and programmed cursor control is the quote mode. Once you press the quote (the double quote,

SHIFT-2), you are.in the quote mode. If you type . something and then try to change it by moving the cursor left, you'll only get a bunch of reversevideo lines. These are the symbols tor cursor left. The only editing key that isn't programmable is the DEI. key; you can still use DHL to back up and

pressing the key inside the special brackets. (The

edit the line. Once you type .mother quote, you are out of quote mode.

as necessary,

SerT spaces into a line. In any case, the easiest way to get out of quote mode is to just press L TUKN. You'll then be out of quote mode and von

Commodore key is ihe key in the lower left corner of the keyboard.) Again, if the key is preceded by a number, you should press the key as many times Rarely, you'll see a solitary letter of the al

phabet enclosed in braces. These characters can

rbe entered on the Commodore 64 by holding down

When You Road:

Press:

See:

When You Read:

[CYNJ I PUR I [GRM)

{BLU}. [YELJ

You also go into quote mode when you IN

can cursor up to the mistyped line and fix it. Use the following table when entering curse and color control keys:

Press:

See:

When You Read:

Press;

'The Automatic Proofreader" will help you type in program

SAVE to tape erases the Proofreader from memory, so

listings from COMPUTED Gazette without typing mistakes. It is a short error-checking program that hides itself in memory.

you'll have to LOAD and RUN it again if you want to type

line from a program listing if you have made a mistake.

stored in the cassette buffer, it will be erased during a tape

another listing. SAVE to disk does not erase the Proofreader.

When activated, it lets you know immediately after typing a Please read these instructions carefully before typing any

Since the Proofreader is a machine language program SAVE or LOAD. If you intend to type in a program in more

programs in COMPUTED Gazette.

Iliart one sitting or wish to make a safety SAVE, follow this

Preparing The Proofreader

procedure: 1. LOAD and RUN the Proofreader.

1. Using the listing below, type in the t! . Proofreader. The

same program works on both the VIC-20 and Commodore 64. Be■ very very careful when entering the DATA statements don't type an

2. Disable it by pressing RUN/STOP-RESTORE. 3. Type the following three lines in direct mode (without line numbers):

instead of a 1, an O instead of a 0, extra

A5""PROOFREADER.T"iB?="[l0 SPACESJ":FO

commas, etc.

2. SAVii the Proofreader on tape or disk at least twice before running i\for the first tints. This is very important because the Proofreader erases this part of itself when you first type RUN. 3. After the Proofreader is SAVEd, type RUN. It will check itself for typing errors in the DATA statements and

warn you if there's a mistake. Correct any errors and SAVE the corrected version. Keep a copy in a safe place — you'll need it again and again, every rime you enter a program from COMPUTE'S Gazette.

4. When a correct version of the Proofreader is RUN, it

activates itself. You are now ready to enter a program listing.

RX=lTO4:AS=A5+a$:NEXTX

FORX=886 TO 1013jAS=AS+CHRS(PEEK(X)):N EXTX OPEN1,1,1,A$!CLOSE1

Aiter you type the last line, you will be asked, to press RECORD and PLAY. We recommend you start at the begin ning of a new tape.

You now have a new version of the Proofreader (PROOFREADER/I1, as renamed in the above code). Turn your computer off and on, then LOAD the program you were working on. Put the cassette containing PROOFREADERS into the tape unit and type:

'If you press KUN/STOP-RESTORE, the Proofreader is dis

abied. To reactivate it, just type the command SY5 886 and

>PEN1:CLOSE1

Using The Proofreader

You can now get into the Proofreader by typing SY1 886. To test this, PRINT PEEK (886) should return the num ber 173. If it does not, repeat the steps above, making sure

All VIC and 64 listings in COMPUTED Gaze-tie now have a Checksum number appended to the end of each iine, for example

BS contains 10 spaces.

press RETURN.

'';rem 123". Don't enter thi< statement what tyyhig inn program. It is just tor your information. The rem makes the number harmless if someone does type it in. It will, however, use up

memory if you enter it, and it will contuse the Proolreader, even H you entered the rest i>f the line correctly.

When you type in a line from a program listing and

press RETURN, the Proofreader dispiays a number at the Lop of your screen. This'checksum number must match the hecksum number in the printed listing, If it doesn't, it means n\u typed the line differently than the way it is listed. Im

that A$ (PROOFREADERS) contains 13 characters and that The new version of Automatic Proofreader will load

itself into the cassette buffer whenever you type OPEN1:CLOSE1 and. PROOFREADERS is the nw

on your tape. It will not disturb the contents of BASIC memory.

Automatic Proofreader For VIC And 64 100

1018:READAt CK=CK+A:POKEI,A:NEXT 110

IF CK<>17539 THEN PRINT"{DOWN)YOU MAD E AN ERROR":PRINT"IN " : END

mediately recheck your typing. Remember, dnn'l type the

rem statement with the checksum number; it is published

PRINT"(CLR)PLEASE WAIT...":FORI=886TO

DATA

STATEMENTS.

120

SYS886:PRINT"(CLR}t2 DOWN)PROOFREADER

886

DATA

892 898

DATA

173,036,003,201,150,208 001,096,141,151,003,173

DATA

037,003,141,152,003,169

904

DATA

150,141,036,003,169,003

910

DATA

916

DATA

else that can go wrong,

922

DATA

There's another thing to watch out for: if you enter the line by using abbreviations for commands, the checksum will not match up. But there is a way to make the Proofreader check it. After entering the line, LIST it. This eliminates the

929 934 940 946

DATA

141,037,003,169,000,133 254,096,032,007,241,133 251,134,252,132,253,008 201,013,240,017,201,032

DATA

240,005,024,101,254,133

DATA

254,165,251,166,252,164

DATA

952 958

DATA

253,040,096,169,013,032 210,255,165,214,141,251

DATA

003,206,2 51,003,169,000

964

DATA

970 976 982

DATA

133,216,169,019,032,210 255,169,018,032,210,255 169,058,032,210,255,166

988

DATA

994

DATA

only so you can check it against the number which appears on your screen.

The Proofreader is not pick)' with spaces. It will not notice extra spaces or missing oni^s. This is for your conven

ience, since spacing is generally not important. But occasion ally proper spacing is important, so be extra careful with spaces, since the Proofreader will catch practically everything

abbreviations. Then move the cursor up to the line and press

RETURN. It should now match the checksum. You can check whole groups of lines this way.

Special Tape SAVE Instructions When you're done typing a listing, you must disable the Proofreader before SAVEing the program on tape. Disable the Proofreader by pressing RUN/STOP-RESTORE (hold down the RUN/STOP key and sharply hit the RESTORE

key). This procedure is not necessary for disk SAVEs, but \/mi thb iw\) before a tape SAVE.

ACTIVATED.":NEW

1000

1006 1012 1013

DATA DATA

254,169,000,133, 254,172','

151,003,192,087,208,006 032,205,139,076,235,003 DATA 032,205,221,169,032,032 DATA 210,255,032,210,255,173 DATA 251,003,133,214,076,173 DATA,003 COMPUTErs Gazette

Angus! 19B4

*'/,

Charles Brannon, Program Ediior Y////////////////////////////////////m MLX is a labor-saving utility that allows almost

failsafe entry of machine language programs pub

lished in COMPUTE!'s gazette. You need to know

nothing about machine language to use MLX—i was designed for everyone. There are separate versions for the Commodore 64.

MLX is a new way to enter long machine language (ML) programs with a minimum of fuss. MLX lets you

enter the numbers from a special list that looks similar

to BASIC DATA statements. It checks your typing on a line-by-line basis. It won't let you enter illegal charac ters when you should be typing numbers. It won't let you enter numbers greater than 255 (forbidden in ML).

It won't let you enter the wrong numbers on the wrong

line. In addition, MLX creates a ready-to-use tape or

disk file. You can then use the LOAD command to read the program into the computer, as with any pro LOAD "fik'name",l,l

(for tape)

LOAD »filename",8,l

(for disk)

To start the program, you enter a SYS command that transfers control from li ASIC lo machine language.

The starling SYS number always appears in the appropritite article

press either the comma, SPACE bar, or RETURN key

to advance to the next number. The checksum auto matically appears in inverse vuleo for emphasis. To simplify your typing, MLX redefines part of ' e keyboard as a numeric keypad (lines 581 -584):

you finish typing an ML listing (assuming \

type il alt in one session) you can then save the com pleted program on tape or disk. Follow the screen instructions. If you get any errors while saving, you probably have a bad disk, or the disk is full, or you'v made a typo when entering the MLX program itself.

You don't have to enter the whole ML program

one sitting. MLX lets you enter as much as you want

save it, and then reload the file from tape or disk lat MLX recognizes these commands: SHIFT-S: Save

SHIFT-N; New Address

SHIFT-L: Load

SHIFT-D: Display

When you enter a command, MLX jumps out of the line you've been typing, so we recommend you do it at a new prompt. Use the Save command to save

what you've been working on. it will save on tape or disk as if you've finished, but the tape or disk won't work, of course, until you finish the typing. Remember what address you stop at. The next lime you run MLX,

Type in and save the correct version of MLX for your computer (you'l! wanl to use it in the future). When you're ready to type in an ML program, rim MLX.

MLX asks you for two numbers; the starting address and the ending address. These numbers are given in the article accompanying the ML program. You'li see a prompt corresponding to the starting

address. The prompt is the current line you are entering from the listing, ft increases by six each time you enter a line. That's because each line has seven numbers—six actual data numbers plus a checksum number. The

checksum verifies that you typed the previous six num bers correctly. If you enter .my of the six numbers wrong, or enter the checksum wrong, the computer

rings a buzzer and prompts you to reenler the line. If you enter it correctly, a bell tone sounds and you con

tinue to the next Sine. MLX accepts only numbers as input. If you make ' a typing error, press the fNST/DEL key; the entire

J number is deleted. You can press it as many times as necessary back to the start of the line. If you enter

the disk or lape. When you get to the entry prompt, press SHIFT-L to reload the partly completed file into memory. Then use [he New Address command to resume lyping.

To use the New Address command, press SHIFT-N and enter the address where you previously stopped. The prompt will change, and you can then continue typing. Always enter a New Address that matches up

with one of the line numbers in the special listing, or else the checksum won't work. The Display command lets you display a section of your typing. After you press SHIFT-D, enter two addresses within the line

number range of the listing. You can abort the listing by pressing any key. What if you forgot where you stopped typing? Use the Display command to scan memory from the

beginning to the end of the program. When you reach

the end of your typing, the lines will contain a random'-''

pattern of numbers. When you see the end of your

three-digit numbers as listed, the computer automati

typing, press any key to stop the listing. Use the New Address command io continue typing from the proper

cally prints the comma and goes on to accept the next

location.

number. If you enter less than three digits, you can 132

answer all the prompts as you did before, then insert

COMPUTED Gazottg

See program listing on page 748.

Augusl 1964

W///A

Program 2:

Power BASIC

String Search—Demo Program

(Article on page 108.)

REM STRING SEARCH DEMOi9

BEFORE TYPING...

A$="DUMMY

Q$="":REM

100 PRINT"[CLR}(4 DOWN}(3 SPACES}STRING S EARCHER"

srem 93

110

PRINT"(2

PLEASE" srem 241

120 130

TP=PEEK{55)+256*PEEK(56) :rem 39 TP=TP-186:H=INT((TPj/256):L=TP-H*256: POKE55,L:POKE56,H :rem 215 IN=PEEK(55)+256*PEEK{56):FORC=IN TO

N+185:READI:POKEC,I:CK=CK+I:NEXT: :rera

IFCKO26449 THEN

209

PRINT"ERROR IN DATA"

,END

:rem

160

REM******************

180

DATA 8

160,17,185,216,0,153,60,3,136,20 :rem 11

DATA

247,160,9,177,45,133,217,200,177

190

STRING

130

,45 200

:rem

DATA

srem

rem

164

DEMO"

srem

157

:rem

150 160

: NEXTL

:rem 208 irem 34

170

A?(1)="GARBAGE GOOD MORE GARBAGE"

180 185 190 195

A$(10)="GARB GOOD MORE GARB" :rem 197 A$(70)="GOOD GARBAGE" trem 78 A$(100)="GARBAGE GOOD" :rem 116 A$(250)="GARBAGE GOOD MORE GARBAGE"

200

PRINT"ARRAY

:rem

300

FINISHED"

155

trem

KEM***************{8 SPACES)BASIC SEA RCH{2

SPACES)***•**** irem

161

310

PRINT"BASIC SEARCH":TI$="000000"

320 330

FORL=1TO299 :rem 125 sFORJ=lTOLEN(A$(L))-LEN{Q$)+l:rem 114

340

:rem

s tIFMID?(A$(L),J,LEN(QS))=Q$THENQ%(L)

-1iNEXTL

:rem

srem

trem

380

FORL=1TO299

rem

131

390

sIFQ%(L)<>0THENPRINTA?(L)

rem

224

169,0,240,12,160,17,185,60,3,153

395

NEXTL

:rem

DATA

216,0,136,208,247,96,24,165,224,

260

:rem 118 3,133,224,165,225,105,0,133,225,

160

:rem 98

270

DATA

0,177,224,153,229,0,200,192,3,20

280

8 DATA

:rem 7 246,24,165,220,105,2,133,220,165

,221

DATA

:reni

,165

:rem 146

DATA

217,197,226,240,31,24,165,229,19

srem

207

169,0,133,226,240,218,160,0,169,

1 DATA

:rem

208,6,230,227,230,226,208,226,23

0,227 DATA

228

144,37,164,226,177,218,164,227,2

09,230

:rem

145,220,200,169,0,145,220,240,19

7,160 360

DATA

0,152,145,220,240,242

999

PRINT"DONE":NEW

127

FORL=1TO299

srem

128

:IFQ%(L)<>0THENPRINTAS(L)

irem

221

450

s rem

:rem jrem

37 130

240,210,162,0,134,227,134,226,24

:rem

440

END

7,227

217

srem 81

SYS(ML) PRINTTI;"JIFFIES"

999

trem

420 430

105,0,133,221,165,229,240,202,20

310

DATA

srem

410 PRINT"ML SEARCH"sTI$="000000"

NEXTL

DATA

Hi 3 SPACES I**********************

460

S, 2

s rem

400 REM***************f10 SPACES)ML SEARC

150

300

350

173

START ADD

100 PRINT"BUILDING ARRAY" irem 47 110 Q?="GOOD" :rem 177 srem 123 120 FORL=1TO299 130 : srem 206 140 sAS(L)="ABCDEPGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

PRINTTI;"JIFFIES"

105 DATA

340

202

PBINT"{CLRl(2 DOWNH2 SPACESJSTRING SE

370

DATA

330

irem

RESS

NEXTL

250

320

156

THE

:rem

360

DATA 105,7,133,224,165,48,105,0,133,2

ARRAY

47,101,48,133,221,160,0,24,165,4 3

USED

ML=PEEK(55)+256*PEEK{56):REM

sNEXTJ

srem

*************

350

:rem 212

290

105

25 240

102

177,47,101,47,105,7,133,220,200,

230

128

srem

DATA 177

220

133,218,200,177,45,133,219,24,16

0,2 210

A STRING*

DIMA5(300),Q%(300)sREM SEARCHED STRING

ARCH

String Search—BASIC Loader

150

Program 1:

THIS

STRING

AND FLAG

the Program Listings.

MOMENT

DATA"iREM**MUST

irem

ARCH

"The Automatic Proofreader" that appear before

140

:rem

Before typing in programs, please refer to "How To Type COMPUTE!'* Gazette Programs," "A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and

DOWN)ONE

SPACES]PROGRA

srem

202

srem

179

srem

198

Disk Purge (Article on page 110.) 30 40

REM FOR 4040/2031/1540/1541 irem 222 PRINT "{CLR}lRVS]DISKETTE PURGE" :rem

50 PRINTsPRINT-WHICH DRIVE (OFF!(LEFT)"; 60 GET DRS:IF DR$<>"0"

{SPACE}60

70 PRINT

80 DR$=

(0/1)

irem 134 AND DR?<>"1" THEN

DR$:D=VAL(DR$)

"I"+DRS:OPEN

186

?(RVS}

15,8,15,DR$

COMPUTE!'* Guzelte

:rem 130 :rem 87

irem 127 August 1384

133

90 GOSUB 450 .rem 130 100 OPEN 1,8,3, "#":GOSUB 460 irem 158 110 PRINT:PRINT "PRESS'(RVS}Y{OFF)'TO DEL FILE":PRINT :rem 97

120

Z?=CHR${0)

:rera 208

130

T=18:S=1

irem 137

30 DATA 3,133,251,162,1,160,0,177,251

140

PRINT#15,"UIj"3;D;T;S

irem

150

PRINT#15,"B-P:"3;2+32*R

:rem 193

160 170

GET#1,A$:IF A$ = "" THEN A$=Z? IF ASC(A$)<129 THEN 270

180

FOR

190

PRINT#15,"B-P:"3;K

K=5+32"R

170

:rem 90 srem 84

20+32*R

:rem :rem

90 210

200 GET|1,A$:IF A$="" THEN PRINT"(RVS] (OFF}"; .-GOTO 220 : rem 236 210

220

AS;

230 PRINT

,, "PURGE

[RVS}

irem

192

:rem

211

f OFF} {LEFT} ",irem 252

240

GETA$:IFA$<>"Y"

AND A$<>"N"

250

IF A$="Y"

270

R=R+liIF

280 290

PRINT#15,"B-P:"3;0 GET#l,A$iIFA$="" THENA$=ZS

THEN GOSUB R<fl THEN

300 T=ASC(A$):IF T=0 D

310

360

irem

137

:rem

174

140

rem :rem rem

THEN PRTNTiPRINT

DIRECTORY.":GOTO

400

PRINT#15,"B-Pi"3;1

:rem :rem

41 183 94

"EN 88 178

320 GET#1,A$:IFA$=""THENA$=Z$ :rem 88 330 S=ASC(AS):PRINT:PRINT "**' NEXT TRACK ";:NU=T:GOSUB520:PRINT N$; rem 95 340

PRINT OSUB

TAB(20);"NEXT 520:PRINT N$;"

SECTOR:

350 R=0:GOTO140 360 PRINT#15,"B-P:"3;5+32*R-3

370 PRINT#1,CHRS(0);

380

PRINTS15,"U2:"3;D;T;S

390

GOSUB460:RETURN

400

405

"VALIDATE

DISK Y

:rem :rem

:rem 100 :rem 177 :rem

OR N"

208

irem

:rem

406 GET VS:IF V$="Y"THEN410 407 IF V$=""THEN 406

:rem 213 :rem 238

408

CLOSE15:END

:rem 137

410

PRINT:PRINT

420 430

PRINT#15,("V"+DR$) GOSUB460:CLOSE 15

:rem :rem

440 450 460

END REM CHECK DISK STATUS INPUT#15,ER,ER$,TR,SE

:rem 111 :rem 234 :rem 243

"{RVSjVALIDATING DISK

{OFF}"

:rem 223

470 480

IF ER=0 THEN RETURN CLOSE 15:CLOSE 1

490

PRINTiPRINT

500

510

STOP

"{DOWN}DISK

:rem 61 irem 89

ERROR!

"; srem

520 REM

ER;ER$;TR;SE

530

N$=MID$(STR$(NU),2)

540

IF LEN(N§)<2

550

RETURN

THEN N$="0"+N$

122

DATA 24,144,240,173,0,208,201,255,240,

73,0,208,201,32,240,246,206,0,208

:rem

233,238,0,208,24,144,227,0,0,0,0,0

:rem

FORU=828TO921:READQ:POKEU,Q:NEXT

SYS828:POKE 53248+21,0:VIC=53248

85 86

GOSUB REM

87 89 90

GOSUB 1000 POKE 856,2 X5=RND(-SQR(RND(1)*TI))

:rem

irem

400

193

jrem 129 :rem 82

100 S=53248:PRINT

irem 176 :rem 161 :rem 9

"(CLRHbLK}"

POKE

110

FORU=1024 TO 1063:POKEU,160:POKEU+960 ,160 trem 11 POKE54272+U,6:POKE542 72+U+960,6:NEXT

120

53281,3

: rem 85

105

:rem

trem 62 FORU=1024 TO 1984 STEP 40:POKEU,160:P OKE U+33,160:POKE U+39,160 :rem 151

125

POKE U+54272,14iPOKE

126

KE 54272+U+39,14iNEXT POKE 53281,1

130

FORU=0TO14STEP2;POKEU+VIC,(U*18)iNEXT

131

POKE

132 133

POKE VIC+28,34:POKE VIC+37,5sPOKE VIC +38,5 :rem 82 FORU=40 TO 47:POKEVIC+U,5:NEXT:rem 39

135

POKE

140

FORI=1TO7:POKE

:rem

233

141

DI=254

:rem

251

145

X=150:DI=0

:rem

249

146

POKE

54272+U+33,14:PO :rem 121 jrem 40

2040,203

VIC+21,255

i rein

:rem

irem

":A$(4)="FOURTH

:rem

199

Al=PEEK(VIC+30)iFORI=0TO24:POKE54272+ I,0iNEXT

148

2040+1,202:NEXT

VIC,X:TI$="000000":A${2)="SECOND

":A5(3)="THIRD

POKE

irem

54296,15iPOKE

199

54273,0:POKE54277,

85iPOKE54278,85:POKE

54276,129 130

149

A$(1)="BRAKE

150

I=0:A=INT(RND(1)*7)+1:IF PEEK(VIC+(A* 2)+l)>240 THEN 1=1 :rem 179

":G=2:A$(5)="OVER DRIVE" :rem

151

A1=-PEEK(VIC+30)AND1:IFA1THEN 3000

154

IFBR=0THENPOKE

155

183

856,G

:rem

158

IFBR=0THENIF(PEEK(56321)AND16)=0THENP OKE856,liBR=l:GOSUB5000

(Article on page 62.)

Program 1: Sno-Cat—64 Version 2

POKE

53281,ltPOKE

POKE

52,60:POKE

COMPUTE!* Gazslto

164

11,240,7,201,7,240,16,76,49,234,1

srem

Sno-Cat

134

:rem

DATA

irem

irem 5

220 43

162

:rem

:rem 39 :rem

60 DATA 144,234,173,1,220,41,15,201

RETURN WITHOUT GOSUBS :rem

srem

:rem

147

irem 99 :rem

FORMAT

168 199

50 DATA 7,240,8,232,230,251,230,251,24

108

95 39

irem

srera

115

:rem

-rem 153

40 DATA 105,01,144,2,169,251,145,251,224

NU=S:G

***":PRINT

"(CLR)"

DATA 120,169,73,141,20,3,169,3,141

20 DATA 21,3,88,96,169,208,133,252,169

THEN240 irem

260

53280,0

56,60

August 1984

:rem 136

:rem 194

156

157

IFBRTHEN

DI=DI-1

:rem

113

:rem

163

IFBRTHENIF(PEEK{56321)AND16)=16THENPO KE856,GiBR=0iPOKE54276,129:GOSUB5100 irem 140

161

DI»DI+liPRINT"[RVS}(HOME)

162

GOi{4 SPACES}{4 LEPT]m400-DI;iIF DI {SPACE}=>400 THEN 1500 irem 144 IF TI$="000010"THEHG=*3 irem 113

163

IF TI$=H000050"THENG=4

165 166 167

168

PRINT TAB(20)j"[RVS] 56)) i

GEAR

DISTANCE TO

irem

119

";A$(PEEK(8 i rein 168

PRINT "[HOME![2 DOWN}"TAB(33))"tRVS!" TI$" PRINT

POKE

"(DOWN)"TAB(34)"TIME"

irem 165 irem 130

54272,G*30+20

irem 95

trem

123

693

POKE S+24,0

irem 17

700

FORU=0TO5:FORE=0TO14:POKEVIC+39,E:POK EVIC+41,E:NEXTE,UiGOSUB720

701

POKE

irem

53254,171IPOKE53255,200iPOKE5325

7,100:POKE5 3256,171tPOKE2044,204 :rem

702 703 704

POKE2043,203iPOKE VIC+21,13+16irem 77 POKE VIC+42,12 :rem 203 POKE 198,0iFORDL=lTO400tNEXT trem 151

705

SB=1024iCB=SB+54272tFORI=10TO29:POKES

B+I+160,160:POKECB+I+160,6

:rem

136

169

IF TIS="000008" THEN PRINT"(HOME}

170

IF TI$="000048" THEN PRINT"[HOME}

X71

IF TI$="000011" THEN PRINT"(HOME)

708 PRINT"fl5 DOWN}[15 RIGHTjPRESS (RVS}F

172

IF TIS="000051" THEN PRINT"{HOME}

710 GET A$tIFA?=""THEN710

174

IFI=0THENGOTO

175

irem

706

DOWNj"TAB(9);"SHIFTING GEARS"

[4 DOWN]"TAB(9)r"{14 SPACES}":rem 195

{4 D0WN]"TAB(9);"{14 SPACES I":rem 200 150

irem 707

154

SB+I+880,160:POKECB+I+880,6tNEXT

iFORI=4TO22tW=I*40tPOKESB+W+10,160

158

DOWN)"TAB{9);"SHIFTING GEARS" srem

POKE

193

CB+W+10,6iPOKESB+W+29,160:POKECB

+W+29,6:NEXT

irem

124

IRE"

t rem

231

711

irem 83

POKE VIC+21,0:FORU=0TO14iPOKEU+VIC,0t

NEXT irem 715 POKEVIC+23,0:POKE VIC+29,0tPRINT"

irem

223

177

POKE 2040+A,202 POKE VIC+(A*2)+1,0

:rem irem

190 129

178

A1=PEEK(VIC+30)AND1:IFA1THEN

3000

179 180 400

POKE

:rem 102 :rem 166

GOTO 150

srem 104

750 DATA 0,170,0,1,85,0,2,170,128 trem 65 760 DATA 5,85,64,2,170,128,5,85,64

405

irem 253

770

470

DATA0,0,120,198,60,204,198,102

54272,PEEK(856)*12

REM{5 SPACES)***{4 SPACES!OPENING SCR EEN{5 SPACES}*** :rem 68 "{CLR}"

srem

175

480

DATA192,246,102,120,246,102,12,222,10 2 :rem 47

490

DATA204,222,102,120,198,60,0,0,0 : rem

500

I=200iGOSUB

520

iiem

254

GOTO 560 :rem 106 FORR=I*64TO{1*64)+62:POKER,0 sNEXT :rem 222 530 FORU=I*64+19 TO 1*64+45tREADQiPOKEU,Q

510

520

sNEXT

:rem

242

540

RETURN

irem

121

560

1=201tGOSUB

570

DATA 0,0,0,120,49,248,204,120,96

580

DATA

590

trem 253 DATA 204,204,96,120,204,96,0,0,0,0

605

POKE

610

POKE

520

trem :rem

220

:rem 2041,200:POKE

,201:VIC=53248

2042

trem

VIC+21,6:POKE

FORI

=202*64

204*64+62

730 740

READ Q:POKEI,Q:NEXTiRETURN DATA 0,16,0,0,40,0,0,84,0

143

irem

142

irem :rem

201 108

trem

148

trem

112

780 DATA 21,85,80,42,170,168,0,56,0 790

DATA 0,56,0,0,56,0,5,85,64

irem irem

800

DATA 42,128,168,0,0,0,0,0,0

irem 210

820

DATA

830

DATA 31,255,248,126,126,126,24,255,24

840

DATA 126,255,126,16,255,8,112,255,14 irem 180

850

DATA

860

DATA 118,255,110,22,255,104,119,255,2

810

126,0,126,24,255,24,126,126,126 irem 169 230

23,0,232,119,255,238,22,255,104

irem

38 870 DATA 16,0,9,126,0,126,0,0,0,0 880

185 188

DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0irem

trem

RETURN

172

t rem 73 irem 54

irem 128

1000 REM{4 SPACESl***{4 SPACES}INSTRUCTIO NS[7

1001

139

VIC+29,7:POKEVIC+2

irem

DATA 10,170,160,21,85,80,10,170,160

192,204,96,192,2 52,96,192,204,96

2040,200:POKS

[CLR}"iRETURN

720

SPACES}***

:rem 86

"{CLR)"iAl=PEEK(56321)AND16:IF

A1=0THEN1000

1002 POKE 856,0 1003 POKE VIC+23,0:POKE V+29,0

irem 88

irem 241 irem 114

3,7

:rem

trem irem

67 58

1005

POKE

625

POKE VIC+2,136:POKEVIC+4,188 POKE VIC+41,14:POKE VIC+40,14

630

POKE

107

1008

632

S=54272:POKES+24,15:POKES+5,85tPOKES+

160iPOKE1064+I+160,160:NEXT :rem 129 FORI=1064 TO 1064+160STEP40:POKEI+12 ,160tPOKEI+27,160iNEXT irem 86

620

VIC+3,0iPOKEVIC+5,0

:rem

6,85tPOKES+12,8S:POKES+13,85

trem

634

POKE

rem

640

645 650 660 670

S+4,33:POKES+11,17

PEEK(VIC+3)=>127

THEN

POKE

EEK(VIC+3)iGOTO 660 rem 129 POKE S+l,128-PEEK(VIC+3)tPOKES+8,128-

PEEK(VIC+5)

rem

242

GOTO

640

rem

110

POKE

VIC,PEEK(VIC+2)tPOKE VIC+21,5:PO

VIC+l,127iPOKEVIC+39,6

PEEK(VIC+5)>=127

THEN

rem 690

POKE

S+8,128-PEEK(VIC+5)

trem

GOTO POKE

670 856,0:POKE

rem

VIC+41,6:POKEVIC+5,12

"{2

DOWN}"TAB(14),-"(RVSH73INS

:rem

1020

PRINT TAB(14);"£12 TB"

:rem 0

1050

{SPACElONE OF THE RANGERS" trem 162 PRINT "{2 SPACES}WITH THE JOB OF RES

1040 PRINT "(3 DOWN}g73{3 SPACES)YOU ARE CUING"

1060

1090

irem

"{2

CRUMB

SPACESjSKIERS

SKI

"(2

LODGE."

1100

"{2

THE

132

MOUNT

!rem

107

SPACESjYOU MUST MAKE THE T

REACHEROUS"

51 116

TRUCTIONS"

121

rem 199

680

1010

237

VIC+1,P

675 690

53281,6tFORI=12TO27iPOKE1064+I,

:rem

SPACES)CLIMB TO

{DOWN}"

irem COMPUTE'S Gazette

SAVE THEM August 1984

11 135

1110 PRINT "[2 SPACES}(2 DOWN) 1120

THIS

(RVS}{WHT)

YOU:"

:rem

TAB(15);"gPยงM"

216

:rem 218

1130

PRINT TAB(15)r"EY^N"tVIC=53248

1132

POKE

:rem

VIC+5,70:POKE VIC+4,40:POKE

2,202:POKEVIC+41,0

:rem 45

1140 1150

POKE POKE

1160

PRINT "E8^(DOWN}{2 SPACES)PRESS {WHT)(RVS}FIRE(OFFi TO START"

VIC-t-21,5iPOKE2040, 203 VIC,180:POKE VIC+1,200

: rem 182 irem 2

:rem

1163

204

1164 POKESB+I+960,160tPOKECB-t-I+960,7:NEXT STEP 40

153

1165

FORI=0TO960

1166

POKESB+I,160:POKECB+I,7iPOKESB+I+39,

:rem

1170

A=PEEK(56321)AND16iIFATHENl170

160iPOKECB+I+39,7:NEXT

:rem

1180 PRINT"[CLR3":POKEVIC+21,0:RETURN

irem

250

125

1500 REM{4 SPACES}***[4 SPACES)YOU MADE I T[8 SPACES)*** irem 87 1501

POKE

VIC+11,0:POKE2045,204

1502 1505

T$=TI$ POKE VIC+21,252

1510 1520

IF PEEK(VIC+5)=<50THEN1510 SP=53251sFORU=lTO7

1530

U=5THEN1550

POKESP.0

SP=SP+2:NEXT IF PEEK{VIC+11)=<150

1570 1560

POKE 856,2 IFPEEK(VIC+11)=<179 THEN

1590

POKE

ADE

:rem

226

:rem

102

jrem

1540

183

-rem

1550 1560

1600

jrem

-rem

THEN

856,0

25 248

:rem

1560

:rem

:rem 253 1580:rem 89 srem

253

;rem

169

"{HOME}(4 DOWNJ"TAB(11);"YOU M

IT"

1610 H1(1)=25:L1(1)=30:H2(1)=18:L2(1)=209 :rem

1620 H1(2)=33:L1(2)=135:H2(2)=25!L2(2)=30 1630 H1(3)=42!L1(3)=62 5 1640 1650

H1(4)=50:L1(4)=60 2 H1(5)=42:L1{5)=62 5

1660 H1(6)=50:L1(6)=60

:rem 46

:H2(6 ) = 37:L2(6)=16

2 1670

irem 71

S=54272:POKES+5,85:POKES+6,85:POKES+

12,85:POKES+13,85 1680

:rem 148

POKES+24,15iPOKES+4,33:POKES+ll,17 irem

1685

1690

254

FOR X=1TO6iPOKES,L1(X)!POKES+1,HI(X) :POKES+7,L2(X)iPOKES+8,H2(X)irem 173

IF H1(X)=50THENFORT=1TO200:NEXT

:rem

169

1695 1699

FORT=1TO200:NEXT:NEXTX FORD=0TO24:POKES+D,0:NEXT

irem 253 :rem 122

1700

GOTO

trem

3000

REM(4 SPACES}***[4 SPACES]YOU CRASHE D ? ? ?[5 SPACES}*** irem 87

3002

POKE856,0:S=54272:POKES,240:POKES+1,

3100

33tPOKES+5,8:POKES+22,104iPOKES+23,l :rem

3003

3005 3006 136

197

POKE S+24,79

irem 117

POKES+4,129iFORDL=*lTO100tNEXTtPOKES+ 4,128 POKE 856,1

COMF1)TEI'S Gazeffo

irem 31 irem 248 August 1984

251iPOKE53249,I:NEXT

3070 FORY=32TO50:POKE2040,YiNEXT 3080

POKE VIC+21,254

:rem 92

:rem 31

:rem 225

:rem 49

3081 S=54272iPOKES+24,15tPOKES+5,85tPOKE

{SPACE3S+l,liPOKE S+4,17 :rem 24 3083 FORDL=1TO200iNEXT:POKES+4,16iFORDL=1 TO200iNEXTjPOKE S+4,0

:rem 83

"{HOME)[4 DOWN}"TAB(8);"

[4 SPACES)YOU CRASHED[2 SPACES}"

3095

POKE

3100 PRINT

irem

54276,0

202

.rem

100

"{2 DOWN}"TAB(13)"GAME OVER" irem

221

3105 POKES+4,0iPOKES+4,33iPOKE S+5,85iPOK ES+24,15

irem 71

3110 A1=PEEK(56321)AND16iPOKE53280,RND(l) *16

:rem 179

DI=400THENSC=SC+500

irem

3111 SC=ABS(INT(((300-VAL(T$))*DI)/2))iIF 161

3112 A=INT(RND(l)*7)+liIF PEEK(VIC+(A*2)+ 1)=251 THEN POKEVIC+(A*2)+l,0irem 32 3114

IF Al

THEN

3110

:rem

POKE POKE

S+24,0

3117

POKE

53281,14

trem 143

3120

POKE

VIC+21,0

irem

3125

Al=PEEK{56321)AND16iIF A1=0THEN3125

3116

56321,0iPOKE53280,0

190

3115

:rem 29 irem

irem

3130 PRINT 3133 PRINT 3136

"tCLR}[WHT}" "(6 DOWN){13

"SC IFSC=>HS

193 205

:rem 48 SPACES)YOUR SCORE irem 98 irem 165

THEN HS=SC

3139 PRINT "(BLU]t2 DOWN}[13 SPACESjBEST {SPACE}SCORE "HS trem 39 3140 PRINT "J2 DOWN}{4 RIGHT}[BLU] (7 SPACES}WOULD YOU LIKE TO"trem 158 3150

"[DOWN}{4

RIGHT}[11

SPACES}PLA

AGAIN?"

3160 PRINT (14

"(DOWN}[WHT)[2

SPACES}iRIGHTjY

RIGHT} N"

SPACES}"[HOME){18

:rem

244

irem

222

3165

PRINT(2

3170 3175 3180

A4=1761:A5=1765 A=A4 A1=PEEK{56321)AND15

:rem 12 irem 195 :rem 43 jrem

:H2(3)=31:L2(3)=16 :rem 56 :H2(4)=37sL2(4)=16 :rem 61 sH2(5)=31iL2{5)=16 :rem 66

3060 POKE 856,l:T$=TI$:POKES+4,0

210

:rem

FORI=200

3090 PRINT

SB=1024:CB=54272+SB:FORI=0TO39:POKES

B+I,160:POKECB+I,7

3010

DOWN}

(14 RIGHT) (CYNj [2 SPACES) {RVS} {YE!,} {OFF)T(RVS}{CYN}(3 SPACESlfYEL) (CYN} (OFF)*1 :rem 58

3190

A1=11THENA=A4

3200

Al=7

3210

POKE

THEN

A=A5

143

jrem

A4,32iPOKEA5,32:POKEA,30 srem

164

3220 A1=PEEK(56321)AND16iIFA1THEN3180 3230

3235

POKE

3240 4000

A=A4

THEN

198,0:FORI=lTO30iPRINT"{DOWN}";

:NEXT

:rem

168

END

:rem

160

DATA(2

SPACES}31

[SPACE)199

4010

4020

:rem 93 : rem 231

224

255

224 199

, ,

224 :rem

DATA[2 SPACES}31 , 1 , 224 , 31 , 1 (SPACE), 224 , 31 . 199 , 224:rem 56

DATA[2

SPACES}31

[SPACE 3255 , 224 DATA[2 SPACES}24

199

, ,

252

4040 DATA(2 SPACES}24

4030

2 5

, ,

0 0

, ,

4050 DATA[2 6,0,

31 24

246

SPACES}25

127

176

112

0:rem 24

irem

126 0

, 61 11 194

:rem

176

224

11 208

:rem

17 21

4060

DATA{2

SPACES}225

255

,0,0,0

{SPACE], 0,0,0,0 irem 201 POKE 54276,0:POKE54277,144:POKE 5427 6,33:POKE 54276,32:POKE54278,144 :rem 204

5000

5005

POKE

5010

RETURN

54273,20

= rem 140

5100

POKE

5105 5110

POKE 54273,0:POKE RETURN

54276,0:POKE

srem

166

54276,129

irem

146

54277,85

: rem irem

102 167

Program 2:

POKE52,26iPOKE56,26tCLR

10 PRINT"{CLR}{5 DOWN}[5

irem 226

SPACESJPLEASE WA

IT"

irera

15 PRINT"{2 DOWN)(2 SPACESjZ MOVES YOU LE FT

PRINT"{2

irem 67

D0WN]{2

SPACES}X MOVES YOU

GHT"

PRINT"{2

irem

DOWNjGET TO THE TOP

RI 184

OF THE

(3 SPACES){DOWNlHILL AND SAVE THE {7 SPACES](DOWNjlNJURED SKIER(WHT} [9 SPACES]"; irem 38

FORA-6656TO6786IREADB j POKEA,B tNEXT :rem 69

FORA=6912TO7100tREADBiPOKEA,BiSEXT irem

100

S$=M{WHT}LO"+CHR$(34)+"SC"+CHR$(34)+"

,8tH+CHR$(131) irem 149 110 FOR I=1TOLEN{S$)JPOKE630+I,ASC(MID$(S $,!)):NEXTiP0KE198,ItEND irem 137 200

DATA120,169,81,141,20,3,169,26

210

DATA141,21,3,88,96,172,251,3

220

DATA185,228,31,201,33,144,5,169

trem

175

:rem

230

DATA1,141,250,3,169,32,153,228

240

DATA31,165,197,201,33, 208,13,206

:rem

174 20

250 260

DATA251,3,173,251,3,208,3,238trem 128 DATA251,3,16,28,201,26,208,15:rem 125

270

DATA238,251,3,173,251,3,201,16

280

DATA144,3,206,251,3,16,9,201

:rem

290

DATA33,208,5,169,0,141,249,3

:rem

300

DATA96,72,152,72,206,24S,3,208

310

DATA8,169,9,141,248,3,32,13

320

DATA26,172,251,3,185,228,31,201

:rem

175

:rem

189

irem :rem

330

DATA33,144,5,169,1,141,250,3

340

DATA169,10,153,228,31,173,14,144

350

DATA240.3,206,14,144,104,168,104

225

:rem

:rem 360

DATA76,191,234

500

DATA160,15,162,23,169,206,133,251

:rem

DATA153,2 34,29,165, 252,153,235, 29

610

DATA16S,253,153,0,30,165,254,153

620

DATA1,30,96,32,148,224,165,142

630

DATA201,0,144,13,169,32,133,251

640

DATA133,252,133,253,133,2S4,76,160

650

DATA27,201,37,144,19,169, 33,133

660

DATA251,169,34,133,252,169,59,133

670

DATA253,169,60,133,254,76, 160, 27

680

DATA169,35,133,251,169,36,133,25 2

690

DATA169,46,133,253,169,47,133, 254

700

DATA32,S8,27,32,0,27,96,32

710

DATA148,224,165,142,74,74,74,74

720

:rem DATA168,185,0,30,121,1,30,201:rem

730

DATA64,208,236,152,96

203

:rem

srem

23 182

irem

219

irem

127

irem 239 irem

irem

irem 92

irem

101

irem

242 250 114

irem

Program 3: Sno-Cat—VIC Main Program 0 DIMNO%(14,2):GOSUB5000:GOSUB1050

1 GOSUB1000 5 SYSSC:IFPEEK(P)<>.THEN3000

223

:rem 114 :rem 243

10 D=D-liD5=STR$(INT(D))iPRINT"(HOME}

20 PRINT"[DOWN]"SPC(18)RIGHT$(TI$,3)iSYSS C

25 30 40

irem

DOWN]"SPC(18)GE$(G):POKEV1,TTiPOKEV

O,15iQ=Q-33

:rem

50 FORTD=OTOQ:NEXTiGOTO5 1000

VO=36878;Vl=36876:V2=36875:N=36877iT I$="000000":D=400iHU=100:O=l:TT=220:

item

1020

SC=7011iP=1018:TW=21

1026

PRINT"fCLR}(3 DOWN](2

1025 POKEN,0iPOKEVl,0

tSPACE}LEVEL

SPACES)9

:rem 117

:rem 237

SPACESJCHOOSE

(0-9)"iPRINT"(DOWN)

THE

HARDEST"iPOKEl98, irem

196

1027

GETA$iIFA$<"0"ORA$>"9"THEN1027

1028

:POKE7017,VAL(A5)*10+80

1030

PRINT"{CLR}":POKE36879,25IPOKE36869,

:rem irem

trem

181

1040

DATA202,208,223,136,16,204,96,234 77

167 230

255tSYS6656iPOKE1018,0:POKE1019,ll

134

DATA0,133,252,165, 253, 56, 233,22 trem 228 DATA133,253,165,254,233,0,133,254 :rem 74 :rem

175

:rem 133

Q=100fG=0

DATA56,233,22,133, 251, 165,252,233 :rem

198

IFD=10THENGOSUB2000 irem 73 IFD=.THEN2500 ••rem 151 IFD/HU=INT(D/HU)THENG=G+O!PRINT"(HOME)

DATA133,253,177,251,145,253, 165,251 :rem

560

600

:rem

DATA169,31,133,252,133,254,169,2 28 :rem

550

DATA142,74,32,167,27,168,165, 251

172

:rem

540

590

:rem

530

DATA29,136,16,250,76,74,27,165

{3 DOWN]"SPC(TW-LEN(DS))INT(D):rem 201

:rem

520

580

irem

irem 231

510

DATA234,234,169,32,160,21,153,234

:rem

Sno-Cat—VIC Loader Program 5

570

1045

OKEJ+K,13iNEXTiNEXT:POKE36878,32 :rem

PRINT"{BLK)fHOME)(2

1047

PRINT"{2

DOWN]"SPC{17)"DI

1046

215

FORK=0TO15iFORJ=38400TO38884STEP22iP

:rem

DOWN]"SPC(17)"TIME":rem

208

[DOWN]{LEFT}O[DOWN]{LEFT)C(DOWN} (LEFT}a{DOWN][LEFT}t(OFF]" irem

205

PRINT"{9

D0WN][3 LEFT]S{DOWN](LEFT}K COMPUTE'S Gazelle

August 1984

137

1048 FORI=7696TO8180STEP22iPOKEI,37

.-POKE

63008

DATA59,170,10,42,170,3,3,3,3,32,0,0

1050 FORK=7168TO7679:POKEK,PEEK(K+25600):

63009

DATA60,168,128,160,168, 0,0,0,0, 38,1 74,174,174,255,255,174,174,174 DATA46,63,15,15,3,0,0,0,0,37,192,19 2,192,192,192,192,192,192 srem 220 DATA47,255,252,252,252,48,0,0,0,-1

1+30720,0:NEXT:RETURN

1055

:rem 58

NEXT FORI=1TO3:READGE${I)iNEXT

:rem 205 :rem 88

,0,0,0,0,0,0

:rem

1056

FORI=1TO14:READNO%(1,1),N0%{1,2};NEX T :rem 224

63010

1060

READA:IFA=-1THENRETURN

63011

: rein

216

1065

FORI=0TO7:READB:POKE7168+A*8+I,BiNEX T:GOTO1060 :rem 125

1090

FORI=7696TO8180STEP22sPOKEI,37 1+30720,0:NEXT:RETURN

2000

:POKE

:rem

POKE7017,0!POKE7690,38:POKE7712,37:R ETURN

jrem

220

:rem

srem

Sprite Magic Note: Be sure to use MLX before typing in this program. (Article on page 70.)

2500

FORN=1TO14:POKEVO,15:POKEV1,NO%(N,1)

3000

P0KEV1,.iPOKEN,130:POKEVO,15:PORTD=1 TO1500JNEXT :rem 243

49164

49170

1133, 252,169,000, 133,251,182 :133, 167,169,216, 133,168,236

00+T*22TO38421+T*22:POKEK,0sNEXT:NEX

49176

:169, 021,141,040, 002,169,054

49182

5003, 141,041,002, 160,000,121 :177, 253,170,173, 048,002,091 s240. 003,076,138, 192,169,092 i207, 145,251,138, 010,170,201 :176, 008,173,003, 192,145,239 :167, 076,069,192, 173,004,229

:FORTD=1TONO%(N,2):NEXT:NEXT:rem 103

3010 POKE7017,0:FORT=1TO12:SYSSC:FORK=384 3015

:rem 63

49188

NT"PLAY AGAIN C

49200

{Y,N)":FORT=1TO10:SYSS :rem 126

POKE198.0 GETA$:IFAS=""THEN4005 IFAS="Y"THEN1 IFA$o"N"THEN4005

srem srem :rem srem

241 181 243 194

49218 49224

49242

frem

118

1192, 145,167,200, 192,008,202 s 208, 221,024,165, 251,105,022 1008, 133,251,133, 167,165,167 i252, 105,000,133, 252,105,163 i212. 133,168,230, 253,208,014

49248

1002, 230,254,206, 041,002,063

49254

il73. 041,002,208, 183,024,221 sl65. 251,105,016, 133,251,005 5133, 167,165,252, 105,000,168 rl33, 252,105,212, 133,168,099

5000 0=7680:PRINT"(CLR)":POKE36879,8iFORA =7920TO8084STEP21:POKEA,78:NEXT:FORA =8064TO8067 : rem 208

POKEA,99:NEXT:POKE8041,77:SS="SNOCAT ":Q=7881 :rem 183 5020 FORL=1TO6:B=ASC(MID?{S$,L,1))-64sFOR A=7898TO8024STEP21:POKEO,32 iPOKEA,B:

5025

GOSUB5100sNEXT

irem

srem

139

5030 FORA=S045TOB042STEP-1:POKEO,32:POKEA

49230 49236

49260 49266 49272

49278

49296

■ 206, 040,002,173, s240. 003,076,029, :134, 097,169,000, 5002, 006,097,046,

49302

1006, 097,046,042, 002,174,005

49308

49284 49290

srem 75

49368

5,225,207,225,201,75,201,75,201,75,

49380

1042, 002,169,207, :200, 169,247,145, :189, 003,192,145, :145, 167,200,192, :215, 076,074,192, 1133, 254,173,043, s253. 006,253,038, i253. 038,254,006, :254, 006,253,038, :253, 038,254,006, :254, 096,032,184, -000, 177,253,073, s253, 200,192,064,

49386

:096, 032,184,192,

49392

tl36, 136,177,253,

,B:O=AsGOSUB5100:NEXT:FORA=a019TOQST EP-23 srem 157

5035 POKEO,32:POKEA,B!O=A:GOSUB5100:NEXT 5040 Q=Q+23:O=7680

5050

49206

:rem 244

:rem

211

POKE3687a,15:FORN=lTOL:POKE36876,180

+N*10:FORT=1TO50:NEXT:POKE36876,0:NE XT:NEXT

:rem 208

49314

49320 49326 49332

49338 49344 49350

5100 FORTD=1TO75:NEXT:RETURN :rem 85 62012 DATA"2ND(2 DOWN](4 LEFT}GEAR","3RD"

49356

62013 DATA215,225,207,75,207,75,207,75,21

49374

,"4TH"

201,75 :rem 249 62014 DATA 209,75,209,75,207,225,195,225 63000

169,000,138

002,133,156 254,006,234 253,038,016 254,006,247 253,038,028 192,160,110

255,145,101 208,245,110 160,062,192 010,008,192 177,253,217 253,136,108 192,255,120 184,192,182

s200, 200,162,003, 1040, 042,008,145,

:rem

188

49410 49416

:202, 208,245,040,

114

49422

5160, 000,200,200, 177,253,236 5074, 008,136,136, 162,003,027 il77. 253,040,106, 008,145,243

irem

63003

DATA34,0,0,128,160,128,160,128,160

irem 148

49428 49434 49440

:rem

211

49446

irem 4

49452

DATA35,0,0,0,0,0,15,63,15 DATA36,0,0,0,0,0,192,240,255

trein

63006

DATA42,53,53,53,53,49,48,0,0

63007

DATA43,112,112,112,112,48,48,0,0

irem

August 1984

251,136,030 167,200,040 008,208,070

49404

DATA11,0,0,48,48,112,176,176,112

COMPUTE! s Gazeao

145,251",204

49398

DATA33,2,2,10,42,10,42,10,42

138

141,042,209 042,002,083

195

63002

63004 63005

49362

040,002,077 192,096,000

:rem

DATA10,195,195,235,255,255,235,195, 195

63001

:004, 032,184,192, 169,004,079

49212

4020 POKE36869,240iPRINT"fCLR}":END

O=A

49194

:076, 032,195,000, 001,003,051

:rem

5010

49158

PRINT"(HOME){3 SPACES}GAME OVER":PRI

3020 FORTD=1TO100:NEXT:NEXT:GOTO4000 4000 4005 4010 4015

49152

t208. 230,096,032,

s253. 200,202,208, 245,040,156

159

49464 49470

184

49476

tl92. 063,208,230, 096,032,091 s!84. 192,160,000, 177,253,242 il53. 203,202,200, 192,003,235 :208, 246,177,253, 136,136,188 :136, 145,253,200, 200,200,172 :200, 192,063,208, 241,162,1X0

49482

S000, 160,060,189, 203,202,120

49488

:145, 253,200,232, 224,003,113

49458

233

205

49494

=208,245,096,032,184,192,019

49914

:250,162,024,160,000,024,102

49500

:160,060,162,000,177,253,136

49506

:157,203,202,200,232,224,036

49920 49926

:032,240,255,160,000,177,096 =251,201,095,240,006,032,063

49512

:003,208,245,160,060,177,189

49932

1210,255,200,208,244,096,201

49518

:253,200,200,200,145,253,081

49938

=174,053,002,240,00B,160,143

49524

:136,136,136,136,016,243,151

49530

:160,000,185,203,202,145,249

49536

:253,200,192,003,208,246,206

49944 49950 49956

:000,200,208,253,202,208,071 1250,096,169,147,032,210,166 12 55,169,000,141,134,002,225

49542

:096,032,184,192,160,000,030

49962

1141,056,002,169,008,032,194

49548

:152,170,232,232,169,003,074

49968

:210,255,169,128,141,138,065

49554

:133,097,169,008,141,055,237

49974

=002,169,048,141,053,002,213

:002,177,253,074,145,253,032 :062,203,202,206,055,002,120

49980

1169,255,141,043,002,169,071

49986

1000,141,048,002,173,006,180

495 72

s173,055,002,208,240,200,018

49992

sl92,141,038,208,173,004,060

49578

=202,198,097,165,097,208,113

49998

=192,141,037,208,141,039,068

49584 49590

:227,192,063,144,215,160,153 :000,185,203,202,145,253,146

50004

1208,032,007,192,169,255,179

50010

{141,000,208,169,128,141,109

49596

1200,192,063,208,246,096,169

50016

:001,208,173,043,002,141,152

49602

:169,147,032,210,255,173,156

50022

j248,007,169,001,141,021,177

49608

:000,220,133,097,041,015,194

50028

=208,169,000,141,028,208,094

496L4

=073,015,170,173,000,208,077

49620

=024,125,066,194,141,000,250

50034 50040

j169,012,141,033,208,141,050 :032,208,141,044,002,141,176

49626

:208,173,016,208,125,077,001

49632

=194,141,016,208,173,001,189

50046 50052

=045,002,032,177,194,032,096 1059,196,03 2,007,192,032,138

49638

:208,024,125,088,194,141,242

49644

=001,208,032,018,195,173,095

50058 50064

:030,196,173,000,220,072,061 =041,015,073,015,141,046,219

49650

:141,002,041,001,024,109,048

50070 50076

1002,104,041,016,141,047,245 s002,032,228,255,240,006,151

49560 49566

49656

=248,007,141,248,007,173,048

49662

=141,002,041,002,074,073,075

50082

:032,238,196,076,134,195,009

49668 49674

1255,056,109,248,007,141,052 i248,007,165,097,041,016,072

50088

:032,018,195,173,047,002,123

50094

:208,003,032,089,196,032,2 22

49680

i208,181,173,000,220,041,071

50100

1030,196,173,047,002,073,189

49686

j016,240,249,173,043,002,233

50106

:016,141,052,002,173,046,104

49692

=141,248,007,032,059,196,199

50112

1002,240,195,174,046,002,083

49698

=169,2 55,141,000,208,169,208

50118

=189,066,194,172,048,002,101

49704 49710 49716

=000,141,016,208,169,128,190 1141,001,208,076,177,194,075 =032,184,192,160,000,152,004

49722

=145,253,200,192,063,208,095

50124 50130 50136 50142 50148 50154

=240,001,010,024,109,044,120 :002,141,044,002,024,173,084 s045,002,125,088,194,141,043 1045,002,174,044,002,016,249 =017,162,000,142,044,002,083 1162,023,173,048,002,240,114

49728

: 249,096,000,000,000,000,153

497 34

j255,255,255,000,001,001,069

49740

:001,000,000,000,000,255,076

49746

:255,255,000,000,000,000,080

497 52

=000,255,001,000,000,255,087

49758

=001,000,000,2 55,001,018,113

49764

1083,080,082,073,084,069,059

49770

1032,077,065,071,073,067,235

49776

=146,095,069,082,082,079,153

49782

:082,032,079,078,032,083,248

49788 49794 49800 49806 49812

1065,086,069,047,076,079,034 1065,068,095,018,084,146,094 =065,080,069,032,079,082,031 1032,018,068,146,073,083,050 :075,063,095,070,073,076,088

49818 49824 49830 49836 49842 49848

1069,078,065,077,069,058,058 :095,069,078,084,069,082,12 5 =032,067,079,076,079,082,069 1032,075,069,089,095,169,189 1099,160,194,133,251,132,123 =252,160,040,169,032,153,222

49854

1191,007,136,208,250,177,135

49660 49866

:251,200,201,095,208,249,120 =136,132,097,152,074,073,098

49872 49878

(255,056,105,020,168,162,206 S024,024,032,240,255,169,190

49884

=146,032,210,255,160,000,255

49890

:177,251,032,210,255,200,071

49896 49902 49908

1196,097,144,246,096,133,120 s251,132,252,160,040,169,218 :032,153,191,007,136,208,203

50160

=002,162,022,142,044,002,102

50166 50172

=174,044,002,2 24,024,144,090 =005,162,000,142,044,002,095

50178

:172,045,002,016,005,160,146

50184 50190 50196

=020,140,045,002,172,045,176 =002,192,021,144,005,160,026 =000,140,045,002,032,030,013

50202

=196,076,134,195,174,045, 078

50208

=002,172,044,002,032,240,012

50214

=255,164,211,173,048,002,123

50220

=208,005,169,032,145,209,044

50226

=096,169,032,145,209,200,133

502 32

=145,209,096,162,000,160,060

50238

1030,024,032,240,255,169,044

50244

=018,032,210,255,174,043,032

50250

=002,142,248,007,169,000,130

50256 50262 50268 50274

=032,205,189,169,032,032,227 =210,255,096,032,184,192,031 =173,045,002,010,109,045,220 =002,133,097,173,044,002,037

50280

=074,074,074,024,101,097,036

50286 5029 2

=168,173,044,002,041,007,033 =073,007,170,232,134,097,061

50298

=056,169,000,042,202,208,031

50304 50310 50316

i252,174,048,002,208,047,091 =133,097,173,052,002,208,031 =016,169,000,141,049,002,005

503 22

=177,253,037,097,208,005,155

50328

=169,001,141,049,002,165,167 COMPUTE! 5 Gazelia

Augusi 1984

139

50334 50340 50346

:097,073,2 55,049,253,174,035 :049,002,240,002,005,097,047 =145,253,173,056,002,240,015

5035 2

:003,032,030,202,096,133,160

50358 50364

: 098,074,005,098,133,098,176 :174,052,002,208,014,162,03 2

50370

:000,142,049,002,049,253,177

503 76

s208,005,169,001,141,049,005

50382

:002,165,098,073,2 55,049,080

50388 50394

: 253,166,097,202,133,097,136 ;173,051,002,074,042,202,250

50400

: 208,252,174,049,002,208,093

50406

:002,169,000,005,097,145,136

50412 50418

: 253,096,141,050,002,174,184 ;010,197,221,010,197,240,093

50424

:004,202,208,248,096,202,184

50430

[138,010,170,189,051,197,241

50436 50442 50448 50454 50460

:072,189,050,197,072,096,168 :039,133,137,134,138,077,156 :074,147,018,145,017,157,062 :029,135,139,049,050,051,219 :052,019,136,140,033,034,186

50466

:035,036,086,083,076,024,118

50472

s088,089,066,032,160,043,006

50754

1160,000,185,139,202,145,129

50760 50766 50772 50778 50784 50790 50796

1253,200,192,064,208,246,211 1096,144,005,028,159,156,154 1030,031,158,129,149,150,219 1151,152,153,154,155,169,000 =161,160,194,03 2,181,194,250 1032,133,202,162,000,221,084 1079,198,240,008,232,224,065

50808 50814 50820 50826 50832

:056,173,050,002,233,03 3,155 =168,138,153,003,192,173,185 =048,002,208,009,173,004,064 1192,141,039,208,076,163,189 1198,173,004,192,141,037,121

50802

50838

50844

50850 50856

1016,208,246,076,177,194,007

1208,173,005,192,141,039,140 =208,173,006,192,141,038,146

:208,174,051,002,189,003,021 :192,141,032,208,076,177,226

50862

=194,169,210,160,198,032,113

50874

1233,048,048,248,201,010,206

50868

=181,194,032,228,255,056,102

50880 50886 5089 2 50898 50904

1176,244,13 3,097,056,169,043 :009,229,097,010,010,010,051 1141,053,002,076,177,194,079 :067,085,082,083,079,082,176 =032,086,069,076,079,067,113

50478

:045,004,095,070,010,193,207

50484

=234,192,088,193,042,193,226

50496

i217,192,127,197,137,197,107

50910 50916

50508

1244,197,006,198,006,198,157

50922 50928

1043,002,201,255,240,006,213 : 238,043,002,032,059,196,042

50952 50958 50964

:059,196,096,160,000,140,147 1055,002,169,164,032,210,134 1255,169,157,032,210,255,074

50976 50982 50988

=133,097,169,032,032,210,193 :255,169,157,032,210,255,092 =165,097,201,013,240,043,035

50490

50502

:134,193,193,193,051,194,248

1143,197,157,197,191,197,128

50514 1006,198,006,198,023,198,199 50520 1034,198,062,198,094,198,104

50526 50532 50538

:094,198,094,198,094,198,202 1174,198,028,200,195,200,071 1218,200,173,197,182,197,249

50544 :133,197,088,196,088,196,242 50550 1232,198,246,198,065,201,234 50556 1081,202,090,202,206,045,182 50562 1002,076,169,197,238,033,077

50568 50574 50580 50586

50592 50598 50604 50610

50616

1208,096,238,045,002,076,03 3 1169,197,206,044,002,173,165 5 048,002,240,017,206,044,193 =002,076,169,197,238,044,112

50934 50940 50946

50970

=073,084,089,032,040,048,076 1045,057,041,063,095,173,190

=096,206,043,002,032,184,041 :192,16 5,046,197,254,144,226 :004,238,043,002,096,032,161

=032,133,202,172,055,002,110

50994 51000

1201,020,208,013,192,000,172 1240,211,136,169,157,032,233

1002,173,048,002,240,003,116 12 38,044,002,104,104,076,222 1224,195,173,029,208,073,050

51006

=210,255,076,013,199,041,088

51012

=127,201,032,144,196,192,192

1023,208,073,001,141,023,141

51036 51042 51048 51054 51060 51066

1001,141,029,208,096,173,058

51018 51024 51030

=020,240,192,165,097,153,173 1000,002,03 2,210,255,169,236 1000,133,212,200,076,013,208 1199,169,095,153,000,002,198 1152,096,032,2 31,255,169,009 =133,160,194,032,181,194,230 1032,133,202,162,001,201,073 s084,240,011,162,008,201,054 1068,240,005,104,104,076,207

50622 50628 50634 50640

:208,096,169,016,141,048,100 =002,169,001,141,028,208,233 =032,007,192,162,001,142,226 1051,002,189,003,192,141,018

50652 50658 50664 50670

1037,208,173,005,192,141,208 :039,208,173,006,192,141,217 .-038,208,173,044,002,041,226 12 54,141,044,002,076,169,156

51072 51078

1177,194,141,054,002,160,088 J000", 169, 001,032, 186, 2 55,009

51084

=169,151,160,194,032,23 7,059

50688 50694 50700 50706 50712

1173,004,192,141,039,208,245 1096,056,173,050,002,2 33,104 =049,141,051,002,170,189,102 =003,192,141,032,208,096,178 =169,000,141,044,002,141,009

51108

1208,066,169,064,141,020,064

50646

50676 50682

50718 507 24 50730 50736 50742

50748 140

1032,208,173,004,192,141,196

1197,169,000,141,048,002,033 =141,032,208,141,028,208,240

1045,002,076,169,197,032,039 :218,192,032,007,192,032,197 =218,192,032,007,192,032,203 =184,192,160,000,177,253,246 :153,139,202,200,192,064,236

=208,246,096,032,184,192,250

COMPUTED Gazotte

Augusl 1984

51090 51096 51102 51114 51120

51126 51132

1194,032,011,199,208,007,029 1173,054,002,201,084,208,106 1237,173,054,002,201,068,125 1002,169,048,141,021,002,041 :169,058,141,022,002,160,216

1000,185,000,002,153,023,033 1002,200,204,055,002,208,091

51138

:244,169,044,153,023,002,061

51150 51156 51162

1050,002,201,083,208,012,250 1169,044,153,025,002,169,006 1087,153,026,002,200,200,118

51168

1200,200,200,200,200,076,020

51144

1169,080,153,024,002,173,03 3

51594

:105,000,133,058,032,184,138

51600

:192,160,000,132,098,160,118

51606

=000,024,165,045,105,037,014

51612

=145,045,200,165,046,105,094

=169,160,133,178,096,083,049

51618

1000,145,045,200,165,057,006

51204 51210

:065,086,069,032,06 5,076,141 =076,032,070,082,079,077,170

51624

5 145,045,200,165,058,145,158

51630

:045,200,169,131,145,045,141

51216

:032,072,069,082,069,063,147

51222

1032,040,089,047,078,041,093

51228

1095,032,100,199,032,184,158

51234

1192,169,003,160,200,032,022

51240

1181,194,032,133,202,201,215

51246

t089,20B,007,162,000,160,160

51252

1064,076,067,200,024,165,136

51258

i253,105,064,170,165,254,045

51264 51270

(105,000,168,165,253,13 3,120 1251,165,254,133,252,032,133

51276

:225,200,169,251,032,216,145

512B2

=255,176,011,032,183,255,226

51268

i208,006,032,235,200,076,077

51294

1177,194,032,235,200,032,196

51300

12 31,255,173,054,002,201,248

51306

:068,240,013,169,114,160,102

51312 51318 51324

t194,032,181,194,032,13 3,110 1202,076,177,194,169,000,168 :032,189,255,169,015,162,178

51330

1008,160,015,032,186,255,018

51174

:246,199,160,000,185,000,252

51180

:002,153,020,002,200,204,049

51186

:055,002,208,244,152,162,041

51192

=020,160,002,032,189,25 5,138

51198

51636

1200,132,097,164,098,132,235

51642

:098,177,253,170,032,254,146

51648

1200,164,097,173,002,001,061

51654

=145,045,173,001,001,200,251

51660

:145,045,173,000,001,200,000

51666

=145,045,200,169,044,145,190

51672

:045,200,132,097,164,098,184

51678

[200,152,041,007,208,213,019

51684

1132,098,164,097,136,169,000

51690

[000,145,045,160,000,177,249

51696

1045,072,200,177,045,133,144

51702

=046,104,133,045,230,057,093

51708

1208,002,230,058,164,098,244

51714

:192,064,208,143,160,000,001

51720

:152,145,045,200,145,045,228

51726

1024,165,045,105,002,133,232

51732

1045,165,046,105,000,133,002

51738

1046,076,094,166,032,135,063 =193,173,045,002,010,109,052 1045,002,168,162,000,185,088 [203,202,157,011,203,200,252 [232,224,003,208,244,032,225

51336

:032,192,255,162,015,032,056

51342

(198,255,160,000,032,207,226

51744 51750 51756 51762

51348 51354

:255,201,013,240,007,153,249 1000,002,200,076,146,200,010

51768

1135,193,173,045,002,010,102

51774

(109,045,002,168,162,000,036

51360 51366

1169,095,153,000,002,032,099 :204,255,169,000,160,002,188

51780

=177,253,029,011,203,145,118

51372 51378

:032,181,194,162,015,032,020 1201,255,169,073,032,210,094

51786 51792

(253,200,232,224,003,20B,170 =243,096,173,056,002,073,211

51798

[001,141,056,002,096,032,158

51384 51390

:2 55,169,013,032,210,255,094 1032,231,255,076,116,200,076

51804

=184,192,160,000,162,060,082

51810

=169,003,133,097,177,253,162

51396

=032,100,199,032,225,200,216

51816

(157,203,202,200,232,198,016

51402

[032,184,192,169,000,166, 177

51822

=097,165,097,208,243,138,034

51408

=253,164,254,03 2,213,25 5,099

51828

[056,23 3,006,170,016,232,061

51414

1176,136,076,235,200,169,182

51420

:004,141,136,002,000,169,160

51834 51840

1160,062,185,203,202,145,05 5 [253,136,016,248,096,032,141

51426

=000,141,021,208,169,147,144

51846

1228,255,240,251,096,013,193

51432

=076,210,255,169,001,141,060

51438

=021,208,169,147,032,210,001

51444 51450

:255,032,059,196,032,007,057 il92,076,177,194,24B,169,026

51456

1000,141,000,001,141,001,028

51462

:001,224,000,240,021,202,182

51468

1024,173,000,001,105,001,060

51474

:141,000,001,173,001,001,079

51480

=105,000,141,001,001,076,092

51486

1007,201,216,173,001,001,117

51492

1009,048,141,002,001,173,154

51498

1000,001,041,240,074,074,216

51504

:074,074,009,048,141,001,139

51510

=001,173,000,001,041,015,029

51516

:009,048,141,000,001,096,099

Campaign Manager See special i)tstructions in article before entering this program. (Article on page 46.) lariQ

2049 2055 2061 2067

.ail

nrna ma 1 co ntcnt n -3Q 1011,008, 010, nnn 000, 158, 050,238 1048,054, 049, 000, 000, 000,158 1032,110, 012, 032, 241, 012,196

2073

J032.122, 017, 032, 108, 031,105 [069,250, 204, 204, 204, 204,136

2079

1220,192, 000, 000, 000, 005,192

20B5

1229,255, 167, 255, 255, 255,173

2091

i255,178, 030, 128, 000, 000,122

2097

:219,095, 250, 031, 255, 255,130 :255,255, 143, 045, 000, 004,245

2103

51522

=056,165,045,233,002,133,188

51528

1045,165,046,233,000,133,182

51534

:046,169,001,133,097,169,181

51540

:008,133,098,169,000,13 3,113

51546 51552

1057,133,058,160,000,177,163 :097,200,017,097,240,027,006

51558

1160,002,177,097,133,057,216

51564

:200,177,097,133,058,160,165

51570

=000,177,097,072,200,177,069

2157

51576 51582 51588

[097,133,098,104,13 3,097,014 ; 076,093,201,024,165,057,230 =105,001,13 3,057,165,058,139

2163

2109 2115

=245,037, 255, 255, 031, 255,115 t255,255, 241, 197, 250, 076,061

2121

1255,248, 095, 095, 255, 255,252

2127

1255,255, 143, 191, 175, 245,063 t255,115, 037, 245, 255, 255,223

2133 2139 2145

2151

:255,252, 204, 254, 250, 247,017 1035,076, 032, 015, 247, 255,245 =255,255, 255, 250, 254, 162,254 =250,047, 018, 000, 095, 021,029

2169

=255,255, 227, 255, 092, 252,171 =204,060, 204, 000, 000, 127,204

2175

:175,255, 255, 255, 250, 255,036 COMPUTES Gaietlo

August I9(M

141

21S1

2187 2193 2199 2205

:204,060,207,176,000,001,013

:242,255,255,191,255,239,040 :175, 250,247,224,000,000,017

:000,001,051,127,255,255,072 j242,255,255,240,000,000,125

2619

2625 2631 2637 2643

2211

:079,160,128,000,119,255,136

2217

1047,225,035,127,000,000,091

2223

:013, 25 5,000,096,000,007,034

2229

=176,000,000,000,126,000,227

2235 2241

:000,211,058,000,112,000,056 :002,000,000,000,001,250,190

2247

:000,016,000,160,000,000,119

2685

2253

:000,000,000,000,000,001,206

2691

2259

:032,000,000,000,000,000,243

2697

2265

=032,227,008,032,041,009,054

2271

:032,078,009,096,173, 014,113

2703

22S3

:165,001,041,251,133,001,059

2721

2289

:169,209,133,252,169,057, 206

2727

2295

:133,254,160,000,132,251,153

2733

2307 2313

:136,208,249,198,252,198,220 :254,169,055,197,254,208,122

2277

2301

2319 232 5 2331 2337

2343

2349

:220,041,254,141,014,220, 095

:132,253,177,251,145,253,184

:239,165,001,009,004,133,054 :001,173,014,220,009,001,183 :141,014,220,173,024,208,039 :041,240,009,014,141,024,246

:208,096,169,057,133,252,186 :133,254,169,080,133,251,041

2355 2361 2367

:169,208,133,253,032,068,146 s009,169,024,133,251,169,044 :216,133,253,198,254,160, 253

2373

[039,177,251,145,253,136,046

2379 2385 2391

s016,249,096,169,255,141, 233 :003,056,169,240,141,002,180 :056,169,015,141,001,056,013

2397

2403

:162,000,142,000,056,134,075

:251,138,032,117,009,138,016

2409

;032,114,009, 232,224,016,220

2415

i208,243,096,234,074,074,016

2421

2427 2433

2439

; 041,003,168,185,000,056,058

:160,003,145,251,136,016,066

:251,230,251,230,251,230,036

s251,230,251,096,169,054,162

2445 2451 2457 2463 2469 2475

:133,252,169,000,133,251,055 :168,170,224,188,208,001,082 !096,189,025,008,072,074,105 :056,106,074,074,145,251,097 1032,181,009,104,041,015,035 :009,032,145,251,032,181,053

2481

2649

2655 2661 2667

2673 2679

2709 2715

2739 2745 2751 2757

(082, 010,169,174, 032,210,224

i 255, 169,172,032, 101,010,036 (169, 173,032,210, 255,169,055

(146, 032,210,255, 096,169,217 1013, 032,210,255, 169,032,026 1032, 210,255,136, 208,250,156 |169, 018,032,210, 255,096,107 ■ 160, 025,032,210, 255,136,151 (208, 250,096,169, 004,133,199 ;254, 169,044,133, 253,169,111 1054, 133,252,169, 000,133,092 i251. 169,000,168, 162.015.122 il77. 251,208,007, 032,160,198 1010, 202,208,246, 096,145,020

i253. 200,208,240, 041,063,124 :170, 189,192,055, 041,192,220 :017, 247,145,247, 096,024,163 il69. 026,101,251, 133,251,068 :144, 002,230,252, 169,040,236 1024, 101,253,133, 253,144,057 (002, 230,254,160, 000,096,153 1169, 015,133,249, 169,216,112 (133, 254,169,044, 133,253,153

2763

(133, 247,169,004, 133,248,107 (169, 034,133,252, 169,173,109

2769

(133, 251,160,024, 177,251,181

2775

(201, 000,240,043, 133,002,066

2781

1041, 063,170,189, 192,055,163

2787

1041, 015,145,253, 169,192,0-18

2793

;036, 002,240,025, 048,008,080

2799

(189, 120,034,032, 147,010,003

2805

:208, 015,080,007, 169,192,148

2811

1032, 155,010,208, 006,189,083

2817

(121, 034,032,147, 010,234,067

2823

:136, 016,203,169, 025,024,068

2829 2835

: 101, 251,133,251, 144,002,127 (230, 252,198,249, 208,001,133

2841

J096, 169,040,024, 101,247,190

2847 2853

il33, 247,144,002, 230,248,011

2859

(253, 144,165,230, 254,208,017

il69, 040,024,101, 253,133,245

2865

1161, 173,018,208, 072,101,014

2871

(162, 074,074,074, 168,104,199

2877

:229, 162,074,141, 032,208,139

2883

il40. 036,208,096, 031,067,133

2889

1065, 077,080,065, 073,071,248

2895

1078, 032,077,065, 078,065,218

2901

(071, 069,082,013, 000,162,226

2907

(018, 160,008,024, 032,240,061

2913

(255, 162,000,189, 071,011,017

:009,232,208,224,201,032,059

2919

2487 2493 2499

:208,004,009,192,145,251,224 :200,192,025,240,001,096,175 :169,000,145,251,168,024,184

2925

:240, 006,032,210, 255,232,054 :208, 245,160,005, 169,001,129

2931

:141, 134,002,169, 018,032,099

2937

:210, 255,162,040, 173,134,071

2505

:169,026,101,251,133,251,108

2511

1144,002,230,252,096,012,175

2943

:002, 073,003,141, 134,002,226

2517

:001,003,002,014,160,004,141

2949

:169, 163,032,210, 255,202,140 (208, 250,136,208, 235,169,065

2523

:185,212,009,153,032,208, 250

2955 2961

2529

il36,016,247,173,017,208,254

2967

25 35 2541

:009,064,141,017,208,096,254 :032,247,009,032,110,010,165

2973

(133, 254,169,000, 133,253,069 :162, 000,232,236, 137,036,192

2979

= 240, 047,189,137, 036,133,177

2547

:032,185,010,096,169,147,114

298E

249, 041,007,133, 247,165,243

2553 2559 2565 2571

:032,210,255,160,003,032,173 1087,010,169,144,032,210,139 :255,Iu9,171,032,210,255,073 (169,2 63,032,101,010,169,143

2991 2997

: 249, 07-:,074,074, 074,041,249

:007, 133,248,

3003

i230. Oil,165,343, 160,001,233

1167,1332, 210, 255,162,01S;, 090

3009 3015

t032. 23kJ,011, I

2577

:k)'i5. .■V.,253,^

, 255,160,026 ., 005,024,032

2583

(160,003,032,082,010,169,223

3021

il70,032,21H,255,169,154,251 (032,210,25^.169,160,032,125

3027

J Il3),> 253,133,:

■, 076,159,156

2589 2595 2607

:255,169,16

260i

261,3

1101,010,16m,144,032,210,195

,032,210,255,109

i 202,208,2;.>, 160,003,032,113

1« ^COMPUTE! s Carolto

iiiguEt 19B4

3033 3039 3045 3P51

i 146, 076,210,255, 169.146.123

'0, 002,032,251

1011, 169,060, ] ,LI, 168,185,146 -J06B, 1334,157,000, 12i!.232,060 ;.

200,192,352,

200,243,070

200,145,244

096,169,1-15, 133,246,255

"'"'

3495

1177,247,141,013,143,032,152

3501

i22B,014,032,238,014,208,139

:189, 036,133,249,074,074,2413

3507

:003,076,106,013,032,046,199

3075 3081

:074,074,133,250,189,240,195 1036,133,251,074,074,133,198

3513

:017,240,169,162,000,134,139

3519

:248,160,006,024,032,240,133

3087

:252,074,074,133,253,160,193

3093

1004,162,004,161,249,072,181

3057

1169,000,133,247,230,247,243

3063

(133,254,170,162,000,189,131

3069

3525

i255,173,021,143,205,035,005

3 531

1037,240,002,162,012,134,022

3537

i247,189,15B,020,240,006,045

3543

1032,210,255,232,208,245,117

3549

:169,063,032,210,255,166,092

3555

(247,160,010,169,044,157,246

3561

:158,020,232,136,208,249,212

3567 3573

(032,228,255,240,251,201,166 :013,240,039,201,032,240,242

3099

1041,003,024,105,001,145,090

3105

i247,104,074,074,041,003,064

3111

1024,105,003,010,010,010,201

3117

1010,017,247,145,247,136,079

3123

:202,016,226,230,247,160,108

3135

:232,138,010,010,010,010,217

3147 3153

:247,136,208,235,230,247,098 :230,247,230,247,230,247,232

:133,002,138,005,002,145,238

3579 3585 3591

:008,201,065,144,239,201,085 (091,176,23 5,230,248,166,123 (248,224,011,240,019,164,145

3159

:230,254,166,254,224,051,242

3597

(247,153,158,020,041,063,183

3603

(157,005,004,230,247,169,063

3171

:015,212,169,128,141,018,014

3609

1047,157,006,004,208,208,143

3177

:212,141,024,212,096,162,1B4

3615

1032,038,015,032,046,017,211

3183

s064,169,000,157,000,143,132

3621

(240,149,173,015,143,041,030

3189

il57,064,143,202,208,247,114

3627

:002,024,109,016,143,010,091

3195

(169,128,141,138,002,169,102

363 3

(109,016,143,141,022,143,113

3201

1008,032,210,255,032,149,047

3639

(17 3,017,143,010,010,105,001

3207

:011,032,250,026,032,108,082

3645

:009,056,237,019,143,141,154

3213 3219 3225

;027,032,128,023,032,139,010 :009,032,030,028,032,217,239 :008,032,237,011,032,217,178

3651

-.023,143, 173,027,212,041,174

3657 3663

1031,010,109,023,143,105,238 1032,141,008,143,173,015,079

3231

:009,032,237,009,169,158,005

3669

1143,041,004,109,019,143,03 2

3237

:032,210,255,032,090,011,027

3675

(010,109,019,143,109,020,245

3243 3249

:032,030,020,032,050,011,090 ;032,026,031,173,107,031,065

3681 3687

:143,141,024,143,010,109,155 :018,143,105,048,141,009,055

3255

:240,245,032,217,009,032,190

3693

:143,173,020,143,009,00B,093

3261

1096,012,162,004,160,005,116

3699

:109,016,143,141,025,143,180

3267

:032,163,028,141,021,143,211

3705

1173,015,143,041,007,024,012

3273

:141,035,037,162,007,160,231

3711

=109,018,143,109,017,143,154

3279

s009,032,163,028,162,000,089

3717

:141,026,143,162,000,173,010

3285

:160,000,201,000,240,007,053

3 723

[012,143,232,221,127,036,142

3291

t041,001,240,002,202,200,137

3729

:176,250,142,032,143,142,006

3297

:136,142,015,143,140,079,112

3735

(011,143,142,033,143,032,143

3303 3309

:143,032,046,017,208,003,168 1076,157,012,096,169,000,235

3741

:132,027,173,021,143,205,090

3747

:035,037,240,003,076,241,027

3315 3321

[141,036,037,169,128,133,119 :247,169,143,133,248,169,078

3753

(012,173,015,143,041,003,044

3759

:141,129,143,032,243,027,122

3327

1005,133,002,160,005,162,210

3333

:003,173,027,212,041,003,208

3765 37 71

:169,000,141,129,143,174,169 1033,143,189,127,036,168,115

33 39

:149,249,202,20a,246,169,210

377 7

i 202, 189, 127,036., 170,202,095

3345

:001,037,250,024,105,001,179

3351

:101,251,101,252,145,247,096

3783 3789

:032,247,027,032,132,027,184 :173,021,143,205,035,037,051

3357

:136,208,22a,160,006,173, 172

3795

(208,213,032,250,026,032,204

3363

1027,212,041,003,170,192,168

3801

il08,027,096,169,016,024,145

3369

(008,240,010,192,009,240,228

3607

1101,247,13 3,247,096,032,055

3375

:006,173,021,143,240,002,120

3813

(237,009,032,205,021,032,253

3381

:232,232,232,138,145,247,255

3387

:200,192,011,208,226,173,045

3819 382 5

1038,015,096,169,015,133,189 (253,169,022,133,254,169,217

3393 3399

:027,212,041,063,240,249,129 (201,052,176,245,145,247,113

3831

(029,133,167,162,240,160,114

3837

[016,032,184,020,173,021,187

3405

:200,173,015,143,145,247,232

3411

:208,009,173,027,212,041,241

3843 3849

(143,240,013,162,010,189,248 :117,020,041,063,157,156,051

3417

(007,010,010,145,247,032,028

3855

1006,202,208,245,173,021,102

3423

:220,014,198,002,208,157, 126

3861

=143,205,03 5,037,240,003,172

3429

: 160,000,140,045,017,169,120

3867

=238,125,006,162,020,160,226

3435

1128,133,247,169,143,133,036

387 3

:021,032,163,028,096,174,035

3441

:248,173,045,017,201,005,034

3879

=021,143,189,040,037,032,245

3447

:176,236,170,240,006,032, 211

3885

: 210,255,169,017,133,253,056

3453

: 220,014,202,208,250,238,233

3691

il69,02 5,133,254,169,000,033

3459

:045,017,160,005,177,247,014

3897

=133,167,162,081,160,016,008

3465

:153,015,143,136,208,248,016

3903

=032,184,020,169,031,032,019

3471

(160,006,162,000,177,247,127

3909

=210,25 5,169,020,133,253,085

3477

(157,027,143,200,232,224,108

3915

[169,025,133,254,169,009,066

3483

:005,208,245,177,247,141,154

3489

:012,143,141,010,143,200,042

3129

3141

3165

s002,169,015,049,247,170,197

:208,157,096,169,255,141,095

3921

il33,167,162,171,160,016,122

3927

1032,184,020,162,019,232, 224 COMPUTED Gazetfo

August 19B4

143

3933 3939

3945 3951 3957

:160,015,024,032,240,255,051 :162,049,138,032,210,255,177

:232,224,055,208,247,056,103

:032,240,255,224,024,208,070 :230,173,012,143,010,170,087

3963 3969 3975

i189,220,033,041,063,141,042 :171,006,232,189,220,03 3,212 :041,063,141,172,006,162,208

3981

:018,160,002,024,03 2,240,105

3987

:255,174,021,143,189,040,201

3993

:037,032,210,255,174,013,106

3999

:143,048,014,160,004,189,205

4005 4011 4017

=049,016,032,210,255,232,191 :136,208,246,240,013,162,152 :000,189,228,016,240,006,068

4029

:169,158,133,247,169,020,061

4023 4035 4041 4047 4053

4059

4065

4071 4077

4083 4089 4095 4101

4107 4113 4119 412 5 4131 4137

4143 4149 4155 4161

:03 2,210,255,232,208,245,085

j133,248,160,000,173,021,162 :143,205,03 5,037,240,002,095 :160,012,177,247,240,006,025 :032,210,255,200,208,246,084

:173,021,143,240,032,162,222 :010,189,117,020,041,063,153

=157,248,006,202,208,245,017 :169,020,133,253,169,022,235

:133,254,169,009,133,167,084 :162,210,160,016,032,184,245 s020,162,004,160,160,189,182 :016,143,009,048,153,039,157

:007,152,056,23 3,040,168,155 :202,016,240,162,004,160,033 :160,152,024,125,027,143,142

:168,185,046,007,009,064,252 !153,046,007,152,056,233,170

:040,041,248,168,202,016,244

:232,096,083,069,078,032,125 :071,079,086,032,082,069,216 :083,032,082,069,086,032,184 1032,077,083,032,068,082,183

4167

:062,032,086,061,080,032,16a

4179

1000,027,044,000,255,044,197

4173

4185

:071,069,078,032,027,044,142

:068, 069,077, 079,067,082,019

43 71

43 77

4383

j000,010,166,000,005,032,232

1000,255,030,032,047,032,165

=078,079,000,255,032,047,010

4389

:032,089,069,083,000,000,054

4401

:072,169,000,133,162,133,206

4395

4407 4413

4419

442 5

4431

:000,000,000,173,005,004,225

1198,169,032,197,162,208,253 j252,162,023,189,098,017,034

1041,063,157,004,004,202,026 =016,245,032,026,031,173,084

=107,031,240,248,162,02 3,122

4437

:104,157,004,004,202,016,060

4467

1078,084,073,078,085,069,070

4485

=173,036,037,201,010,208,030

4443 4449 4455 4461 4473 4479 4491 4497 4503

4509

=2 50,173,107,031,041,016,197 1096,058,070,073,082,069,03 3 =066,085,084,084,079,078,067 =032,084,079,032,06 7,079,226

1058,173,035,03 7,205,021,138 i143,208,011,238,036,03 7,032 =001,096,032,23 7,009,032,034 =205,021,032,038,015,169,113 1007,141,000,143,032,244,206 :020,162,005,160,012,032,036

45 IS

tl63,028,170,208,003,076,043

4527 4533

1147,018,202,208,003,076,061 1197,018,202,208,003,076, 117

4521

=003,018,202,208,003,076, 167

45 39 4545 4551 4557 4563

1239,018,202,208,006,032,124 =043,029,076,155,017,202,203 =208,008,032,022,019,208,184 =205,076,003,018,202,208,149 1014,032,046,017,240,197,245

4575

=076,141,017,202,240,003,134

4587

=162,000,169,128,024,109,059

4593

=032,143,16B,169,000,133,118

4599

=253,169,014,133,254,169,215

4605 4611

=030,133,167,076,184,020,095 1032,235,017,174,032,143,124

4617

1189,127,036,202,056,253,104 1127,036,072,105,003,168,014 1162,003,032,163,028,201,098 1000,208,007,032,043,029,090

4569 4581

1173,011,143,141,032,143,092

1076,155,017,076,200,019,004

4191 4197

t065,084,073,067,032,067,227 j065,078,068,073,068,065,006

4623 4629 4635

4209 4215

!044,044,044,000,255,156,144 :047,032,067,072,065,082,228

4641 4647 4653 4659

1104,076,006,018,133,002,116 =104,197,002,176,003,076,085 =155,017,198,002,174,032,111 1143,202,189,127,036,024,004

4671

=000,143,133,251,134,2 52,208

4689

=189,220,033,032,210,255,252

4701

1169,032,032,210,255,189,212

4203

4221 4227 4233

1084,069,032,044,044,044,168

1032,088,000,255,047,032,067

1083,0B4,065,077,032,088,048 :000,255,047,032,073,078,110

4665

42 39 4245 4251 4257 4263

:084,076,032,088,000,255,166 :047,032,069,088,080,082,035 :032,088,000,255,047,032,097 :065,080,080,076,032,088,070 1000,000,000,000,255,031,197

4269

:085,073,069,077,080,000,050

4707

4275

i255,080,079,086,084,0B9,084

4281 4287

:000,255,065,071,082,073,219 1067,000,25 5,069,068,085,223

4713 4719 4725

4677 4683

4695

=101,002,174,000,143,157,122

=032,250,019,169,030,032,089 1210,25 5,165,251,010,170,112

1189,221,033,032,210,255,003 1000,120,072,170,169,000,118

1032,205,189,104,201,010,078 [176,005,169,032,032,210,223 =255,169,032,032,210,255,046

:067,078,000,255,068,070, 223 :069,078,083,000,000,000,177

4731

il69,152,032,210,255,173,090

4737

=032,143,009,048,032,210,091

4311

:076,078,000,255,067,082,005

4749

1076,007,020,076,006,018,088

4317

107 3,077,069,000,000,000,184

4323 4329

:000,157,080,082,069,083,186 :073.06B,069,078,084, 032, 125

4293 4299

4305

:000,255,031,073,078,070,204

43 35

=000,255,151,080,076,065,098

4341

1089,069,082,032,091,049,145

4347

1000,255,068,069,077,079,031

4353 4359 4365

:067,082,065,084,073,067,183 :000,255,067,079,078,086,060 =069,078,084,073,079,078, 218

144

COMPUTE!'s Gaietto

August I9B4

4743 4755 4761 4767 4773

=255,206,000,143,208,003,182 1174,000,143,169,240,157,006 =000,143,134,252,032,250,196 =019,169,129,032,210,255,205 :162,000,189,112,021,240,121

4779 4785

=006,032,210,255,232,208,090 1245,173,032,143,009,048,059

4791 4797

=032,210,25 5,206,000,143,005 i208,003,076,007,020,076,067

4803

=15 5,017,174,000,143,169,085

4809

,255,157,000,143,134,252,118

4815

1032,250,019,169,154,032,095

4821

(210,255,162,000,199,125,130

4827

4833 4839 4845

5247

,078,000,255,018,155,032,153

5253

(073,078,067,085,077,066,067

!021,240,006,032,210,255,215

5259 5265

1069,078,084,146,000,255,003 ,031,032,032,032,078,079,173

1232,208,245,206,000,143,235

5271

:078,069,032,032,032,000,138

i206,003,076,007,020,076,109 ■155,017,174,000,143,169,127

5277

i255,032,080,076,065,089,242

5283

,069,082,032,049,032,000,171

4851

:000,157,000,143,134,252,161

5289

[255,032,080,076,065,0B9,254

4857

1032,250,019,169,155,032,138

529S

(069,082,032,050,032,000,184

4863

,210,255,169,090,162,005,122

5301

1000,000,000,134,251,132,186

4869

,032,210,255,202,208,250,138

5307

i252,208,011,200,152,024,010

4875

(206,000,143,208,003,076,135

5313

:101,251,133,251,144,002,051

4881

(007,020,076,155,017,173,209

5319

i230,252,166,253,228,254,046

4887

,009,143,201,010,176,001,051

5325

,208,001,096,230,253,164,133

4893

1096,206,009,143,032,153,156

4899

(033,174,032,143,189,127,221

4905

,036,133,248,202,189,127,208

4911

(036,133,247,169,150,133,147

5331 533 7 5343 5349

,167,024,032,240,25 5,160,065 [000,162,255,177,251,016,054 [016,200,177,251,240,217,044 (032,210,255,202,016,250,170

4917

:249,169,004,133,250,169,003

5355

(240,209,200,208,241,170,223

4923

(047,133,251,133,252,166,017

5361

(200,208,237,169,000,133,164

4929

(247,228,248,208,003,076,051

4935

1046,017,165,249,024,105,165

5367 5373

,253,169,014,133,254,169,215 1146,032,210,255,169,144,185

5379 5385

,032,210,255,169,030,133,064 1167,162,072,160,021,032,111

5391

,184,020,174,021,143,189,234

5397

[037,037,041,063,141,071,155

5403

,004,173,036,037,009,048,078

5409

[141,078,004,173,032,143,092

5415

(010,010,010,024,109,032,234

5421

,143,170,173,032,143,009,203

5427

,048,141,150,004,160,000,042

5433

(189,037,036,041,063,240,151

,007,153,152,004,232,200,043 ,208,242,096,009,058,00U, 17U

(941

(040,133, 249,144,002', 230, 107

V947

(250,139,000,144,133,253,028

4953

,133, 2.'i4,162,004, 006, 254, 134

4959

,202,208,251,006,254,1

4965

,028,169,037,133,251,P_6,213

4971

,254,176,020,169,032,±zi,123

■'-977

,251,006,254,176,012,11-^,213

983

,037,13 3,252,006,254,176,209

989

(004,169,032,133,252,160,107

*995

:000,169,032, 145,249,200,158

.i001

(165,251,145,249,200,165,032

5007

(252,145,249,169,047,133,114

5439 5445

5013

,251,133,252,006,253,176,196

5451

[255,032,032,032,087,069,M7fcJ

5019

,028,169,042,133,252,006,017

5457

:069,075,032,032,032,000,065

5025

:253,176,020,169,032,133,176

5463

(009,058,000,009,032,000,195

5031 J037

,252,006,253,176,012,169,011 (042,133,251,006,253,176,010

5469

:009,032,000,255,031,032,196

5475

(032,067,065,07 7,080,065,229

r>043 J049

(004,169,032,133,251,160,160 ,007,165,251,145,249,200,17B

5481

,073,071,078,000,255,032,102

5487

=032,084,086,032,065,068,222

5055

,165,2 52,145,249,230,247,199

5493

,083,032,032,157,000,255,164

5061

(076,058,019,032,103,023,252

5499

1032,032,070,085,078,068,2 32

5067

(174,032,143,232,232,232,224

5505

,082,065,073,083,000,255,17 5

3073

:160,031..024,032,240,255,1B3

5511

,032,032,082,069,083,084,005

3079

:169,058,032,210,255,162,077

5517

:032,032,032,032,000,255,012

3085

,003,160,013,032,163,028,108

5523

,018,155,032,077,065,080,062

5091

,201,000,208,006,032,043,205

5529

,032,032,032,032,032,032,089

5097

,029,376,200,019,201,010,000

5535

:000,255,032,080,079,076,169

5103

,208,003,076,155,017,141,071

5541

1076,03 2,032,032,032,032,145

5109

=032,143,076,155,017,169,069

5547

[000,255,146,150,082,069,105

5115 5121

:022,056,229,252,170,160,116 1032,024,032,240,255,096,168

5553

=067,079,078,083,073,068,113

5559

t069,082,000,255,084,082,243

5127

:032,046,017,208,003,076,133

5565

,065,086,069,076,032,032,037

5133

,217,017,032,104,02 5,032,184

5571

,032,032,154,000,009,032,198

5139

i250,026,032, J.08, 027,032, 238

5577

,000,000,000,000,169,014, 128

5145

1132,027,076,\22,017,169,056

51%

1000,133,253,169,010,133,217

5583

,133,253,169,025,133,254,150

5589

,169,028,133,167,169,030,141

5157

,254, 169,030,133,16'', 162, 184

5595

,032,210,25 5,162,034,160,048

5163

,049,160,020,^, 184,020,040

5601

1023,032,184,020,169,043,184

5169

:255,018,144

160,213,211,026

5607

1141,076,006,169,046,141,042

5175

j19 7,160,202,207,217,189, 203

5613

:140,007,173,036,037,208,070

5181

,160,000,255,160,211,212,035

5619

,011,169,020,162,008,032, 133

5187

: 201, 195, 203, I*!*, 207,210, 219

,160,000,255,2^,202,203,070

5625

,210,255,202,208,250,096,190

5631

1174,008,143,169,000,032,013

, 204,146, 20'j,01E, 160, 203,247 il97,217, 21:., 000, 255,018, 215

5637 5643

,205,189,162,023,160,030,006 1024,032,240,255,169,030,249

5193

5199 5205

6,168

5211

,155, 080, 07'i, 091, 049,032, 062

5649

,032,210,255,174,009,143,072

5217

r-380, 065, 082, 084, 089,146,131

5655

,224,100,176,022,169,032,234

5223

,000,255,0;1,068,069,077,091

5661

1032,210,255,224,010,176, 168

5229

,079,067,052,065,084,073,047

5667

,013,032,210,255,032,210,019

5 235

,067,000,255,082,069,080,156

567 3

:255,138,009,048,032,210, 221

5241

1085,066,076,073,067,065,041

5679

,255,096,169,000,032,205,036

COMPUTED Gazofto

August 1984

145

5685 5691 5697

:189,173,184,007,141, 185,164 :007,162,006,173,027, 212,134

5703 5709

J041.015,201,010,176, 247,243 :009,048,157,185,007, 202,167 :208,239,169,060,141, 184,054

5715

:007,141,188,007,032, 122,068

5721 5727 5733 5739

1022,169,052,133,248, 169,114 :000,133,247,168,162, 002,039 :149,252,202,016,251, 032,235 :166,022,169,032,162, 002,148

5745 5751

:149,249,202,016,251, 032,244 :211,022,096,169,017, 133,255

5757

:252,169,000,133,251, 166,072

5763 5769 5775 5781

:251,228,252,208,001, 096,143 j160,000,024,032,240, 255,080 :162,000,189,040,037, 032,091 :210,255,169,037,032, 210,038

5787 5793 5799

:255,232,224,003,208, 240,037 :230,251,076,130,022, 166,012 :247,232,232,134,247, 200,179

5805 5811 5817

:196,248,208,001,096, 189,087 :000,120,074,133,002, 185,181 :000,144,162,002,041, 238,004

5823 5829

t240,006,202,041,014, 240,166 1001,202,181,252,024, 101,190

5835 5841

6123 6129 6135 6141 6147

1202,208,250,076,017,024,244 1162,001,160,000,189,054,039 1025,145,247,200,232,236,052 :054,025,208,244,096,162,018 :001,189,089,025,145,247,187

6159

(244,096,169,001,133,253,143

6153 6165 6171

i200,232,236,089,02 5,208,231

il33,254,208,009,230,253,0B4 1165,253,201,010,208,001,097

6177 6183

1096,230,248,169,009,024,041 1101,249,133,249,169,000,172

6201

[253,073,048,145,247,200,255

6213

1145,247,232,200,208,245,066

6189 6195 6207

6219

1101,250,133,250,032,241,028 1023,166,249,160,004,165,050

1200,189,037,036,240,006,003 1166,253,189,127,036,133,211

6225 6231 6237

1250,172,054,025,136,165,115 1254,010,170,169,048,133,103 1251,133,252,169,255,145,018

6249

:200,169,042,145,247,200,084

6243

1247,200,169,028,145,247,111

6255 6261 6267

1169,154,145,247,200,165,167 :254,201,01^,144,007,230,195 i252,233,0 '.0,076,118,024,068

1002,176,216,149,252, 076,050 :166,022,169,004,133, 248,183

6273

tl01,251,'33,251,165,252,002

6285

i247,200,169,032,145,247,157

5853

:169,015,133,002,185, 037,250

6291

:037,041,.063,145,247, 1016,246,169,040,024, i247,133,247,169,000, 1248,133,248,160,002, :002,169,016,024,117,

6297 6303

i200,169,151,145,247,200,2 35

5859 5865 5871 5877 5883

il89,22G,033,145,247,200,163 1232,189,220,03 3,145,247,201

6309

1200,202,169,032,145,247,136

6315

i200,169,048,133,251,133,081

5889

:149,252,176,013,181,

5895 5901

1145,247,202,136,016, :198,002,016,218,096,

6327

:144,007,230,252,233,010,035

5907

.169,037,149,249,104,

5847

:L69,000,133,247,160, 002,158

136,128 101,061

101,112 162,174 252,063 249,253 239,224 072,103 074,033

5913

1074,074,041,001,009, 036,004

5919 5925 5931

1076,007,023,011,035, 000,183 1255,042,032,083,000, 255,192 1042,032,077,000,255, 042,235

5937 5943 5949

5955 5961 5967 5973

5979

5985

5991

5997 6003

1032,084,000,255,042, 032,238 t0B7,000,255,042,032, 084,043 :000,255,042,032,070, 000,204 1255,042,032,083,000, 011,234

6279

6321

6333 6339 6345 6351

6357

[145,247,

30,165,251,145,008

1252,189,000,120,201,010,181

:076,181,024,101,251,133,187 [251,165,252,145,247,200,175 1165,251,145,247,200,169,098 :032,145,247,200,169,000,232 [145,247,200,230,254,165,174

6363

1254,197,250,240,003,076,215

6375 6381 6387

1250,133,254,166,2 53,202,209 [189,127,036,133,002,232,188 :189,127,036,056,229,00?,114

6399

1133,002,048,038,169,009,142

6411 6417

:247,200,169,000,145,247,251 1200,198,002,048,019,169,141

6369

6393

1086,024,032,002,024,165,046

j133,002,169,008,229,002,024

1044,000,255,092,032, 046,032 1048,060,048,048,048, 060,135 1048,048,048,000,255, 154,126

6405

1072,032,000,000,000, 000,201

6423

:000,133,253,169,015, 133,044 :254,169,030,133,167, 162,006

6429 6435

=145,247,200,169,000,145,167 1247,200,198,002,016,237,167

1032,072,069,065,076, 064,233 :169,028,032,210,255, 169,198

[145,247,200,169,035,115,178

:009,145,247,200,169,032, 057

6441

1169,000,162,004,145,247,000

1000,160,128,032,184, 020,133 (096,169,128,133,248, 169,046

6447

i200,202,208,250,076,025,240

6453

1024,03 5,009,035,000,255, 155

6021

:000,133,247,169,000, 133,047

6459

1032,032,032,032,0.12,032, 251

6027 6033

i250,133,249,169,000, 133,049 1253,133,254,168,162, 001,092

6465

1032,032,032,032,0130,009,202

6471

[044,000,255,019,154,037,067

6039

1032,241,023,162,000, 160,001

6477

1144,205,193,208,160,160,123

6009 6015

6045 6051

1004,189,037,036,145, 247,047 s200,232,224,008,208, 245,000

6057 6063

il62,008,172,054,025, 136,214 1230,253,165,253,201, 010,007

6069 6075

i208,003,076,225,023, 169,117 1255,145,247,200,169, 028,207

6087

[247,200,165,253,009, 048,097

6081

6093 6099 6105 6111 6117 !46

COMPUTE'S Gazelle

August 19W

il60,160,160,160,14(i, 000,101

6489 6495

s014,255,028,042, 077, 069, 062 1078,085,032,032,032,032,130

6501

1032,000, 000,17::. -ill, 143,204

6507

:141,032,143,169

6513

1000,143,206,000,143, 208,045

6519

1001,096,174,000,143,189,210

145,118

6525 6531

:000,143,208,009,032,177,182 1026,032,208,026,076,115,102

036,128

6537

1025,016,023,106,176,003,230

076,060

6543

[076,166,027,173,024,143,240

169,136

6549

1010,109,009,143,144,002,054

200,219

6555

1169,255,141,009,143,076,1B0

il45,247,200,169,042, 145,117 il45,247,200,169,031, 1247,200,232,189,037, 1145,247,208,247,200, il75,023,032,002,024, i000,162,004,145,247,

6483

^08,141,229

6561

:115,025,172,009,143,240,097

6999

6567

:203,072,162,000,232,221,033

7005

(027,173,000,144,041,240,200

i240,004,169,001,208,002,205

6573

:127,036,176,250,236,011,241

7011

1169,016,141,000,144,157,214

6579

:143,240,009,142,032,143, 120

7017

[000,144,096,162,052,202,249

6585

:142,011,143,206,009,143,071

7023

(240.01B,189,000,144,041,231

6591

:104,032,207,025,032,233,056

7029

.015,240,004,169,067,208,052

6597

:025,032,093,026,032,140,033

7035

1002,169,130,157,192,05 5,060

6603 6609 6615

:026,076,115,025,133,002,068 :133,251,198,251,165,251,178 :010,010,024,101,251,133, 232

7041

1208,235,096,173,021,143,237

7047

1072,162,063,189,064,143,060

7053

1157,128,143,189,000,143,133

6621

=251,133,253,169,146,133,026

7059

il57,064,143(189,X28,t43,203

6627

:252,169,145,133,254,096,252

6633

:173,008,143,041,248,208,030

6639 6645

:005,169,001,133,255,096,130 :169,003,324,109,021,143,202

7065 7071 7077

1157,000,143,202,208,235,074 il04,073,001,141,021,143,130 1096,173,009,143,201,040,059

6651 6657

:168,177,251,133,255,173,128 :010,143,016,003,230,255,146

7083 7089

1144,067,174,032,143,189,152 :127,036,133,250,202,189,090

7095

1127,036,133,249,198,249,151

6663

:096,197,002,208,009,169,176

7101

[173,036,037,010,024,109,066

6669

:002,032,087,026,169,255,072

7107

1025,143,133,255,230,249,206

6675

s133,002,165,002,141,010,216

7113

(165,249,197,250,240,014,036

6681 6687

:143,173,008,143,160,005, 145 :074,136,208,252,032,087,052

7119 7125

1032,023,028,070,255,032,135 1093,026,032,140,026,076,094

6693

:026,17 3,022,143,03?,087, 008

7131

il89,027,173,009,143,056,048

6699

:026,160,006,136,20(^.301,068

6705

1096,185,026,143,209,253,193

7137 7143

:237,025,143,144,005,237,248 :025,143,176,002,169,001,235

6711

i208,007,169,003,032,H87,049

7149

(141,009,143,076,115,025,234

18,019

7155

(162,000,160,052,134,249,232

6723 6729

:209, 253, 208,007,169,^1,146 :032,087,026,208,224,21.:, 114

7161

(132,250,230,249,165,249,244

7167

[197,250,240,019,174,129,240

6735

:232,138,209,253,208,217,056

7173

il43,134,255,032,023,028, 108

6741

s240,240,024,101,255,133, 054

7179

1032,044,026,070,255,032,214

6747 6753 67 59

j255,096,160,005,177,251,011 :056,229,255,176,004,198,247 s255,208,243,145,251,165,090

7185

[093,026,076,251,027,096,074

7191

1032,207,025,032,038,026,127

7197

1096,162,000,169,000,157,101

6765

i255,170,172,021,143,200,046

7 203

:000,063,202,208,250,169,159

6771

:024,113,251,144,002,169,050

7209

1000,170,168,185,010,031,093

6777

i255,145,251,152,07 3,003,232

7215

il57,000,063,185,018,031,245

6783

i168,138,074,074,113,251,177

7221

:157,064,063,232,232,232,009

jl44,002,169,255,145,251,075 :096,070,255,208,001,096,097 (173,008,143,056,229,255,241 1176,002,169,000,141,008,135

7227

(200,192,007,208,236,185,063

7233 72 39

;010,031,157,000,063,157,227 ;001,063,157,002,063,185,030

7245

(018,031,157,064,063,169,067

6813

1143,070,255,208,001,096,162

7251

:252,141,248,007,169,253,129

6819

:173,009,143,056,229,255,004

7257

[141,249,007,162,007,169,056

6S25

s176,002,169,000,141,009,154

7263

[012,157,039,208,202,016,217

6831

:143,096,160,000,162,015, 239

7269

(250,169,001,141,029,208,131

6837

il73,021,143,240,002,162, 154

7275

[169,001,141,016,208,169,043

6843

i240,134,251,162,052,202,204

6849

Âť20S,003,132,002,096,189,055

7281 7287

1004,141,000,208,169,050,173 [141,001,208,169,054,141,065

1000,144,037,251,240,243,090

7293

(002,208,169,056,141,003,192

6861

1200,208,240,165,002,024,020

7299

i208,169,000,160,004,153,057

1109,023,143,010,109,022,115

7305

(002,031,136,016,250,169,229

6873

:143,109,008,143,144,003,255

7311

(034,141,007,031,169,173,186

6879

1024,169,255,141,008,143,195

7317

1141,006,031,169,054,141,179

6885

1173,010,143,208,010,169,174

7323

:009,031,169,000,141,008,001

6891

:016,109,008,143,176,003,178

7329

1031,096,169,000,133,253,075

6897

i141,008,143,169,000,141,075

7335

il69,004,141,000,208,152,073

69P.3

:010,143, 096,169,146,133,176

7341

1032,250,030,133,252,138,240

6909

-.252,169,000,133,251,169,203

7 347

1032,250,030,133,251,141,248

6915

:000, 170, 240, 0t-7,160,005,073

7353

(001,208,169,012,141,039,243

6921

:230,251,136,208,251,232,037

7359

(208,17 3,016,208,009,001,038

6927

i2:4,052,20P,001,096,160,244

7365

1141,016,208,173,021,208,196

6933

:001,177,251.200,056,241,179

6939

1251,208,006

7371 7377

1009,001,141,021,208,032,103 (026,031,173,107,031,240,049

7383

(248,041,019,240,244,170,153

6951 6957

t073, 2 55, 024, IS!}, 001,160, 145 1128,208,002,160,008,133,172

7389

1041,016,208,039,138,041,192

6963

i253,132,254,041,224,240,171

7395 7401

:001,240,017,173,001,208,099 (197,251,240,227,198,253,063

6969

:002,208,020;070,254,165,008

7407

1056,233,008,141,001,208,118

6975

:253,041,016,240,002,208,055

7413

i208,217,173,001,208,197,225

6981

:010,070,254,165,253,041,094

7419

i252,240,210,230,253,024,180

6987 6993

:008,208,002,070,254,165,014 : 254,157, 000, U4, 076,007, 207

7425

il05,00B,141,001,208,208,160

7431

(200,169,000,141,039,208,252

6717

6789 6795 6801 6807

6S55

6867

6945

:026,208,238,17a,202,

032,088,027,127

1076,007,027/176,010,234,051

COMPUTEI's Gazelle

August 1984

147

7437

:032,026, 031,173, 107,031,157

7443

:240,248, 041,016, 208,007,011 :169,012, 141,039, 208,208,034

7449 7455 7461

sl76,173. 021,208, 041,254,136 208,165, 253,096,153

7467 7473 7479 7485

i141,040, 208,173, 021,208,078 :009,002, 141,021, 208,032,218 ;026,031, 173,107, 031,240,163

7491

7875 7881 7887 7893

:169, 018,032, 210,255, 169,024 s 160, 032,210, 255,165, 002,001 5 041, 063,162, 000,232, 221,158

7899

5127, 036,176, 250,138, 105,021 sl76, 032,210, 255,169, 146,183

:162,007, 189,002, 031,149,071

7905

:032, 210,255, 076,066, 029,125

:247,202, 016,248, 169,001,164

7911 7917 7923

= 173, 021,208, 041,253, 141,044 :021, 208,162, 007,181, 247,039 = 157, 002,031, 202,016, 248,131

7929

= 096, 234,010, 010,010, 024,121

7935

7503

:248,106, 176,020, 106,176,137 :067,106, 176,110, 106,176,052

sl05, 050,096, 000,000, 000,250

7941

7509

:005,106, 176,005, 144,231,240

5 000, 000,000, 000,000, 192,197

7947

7515

:192, 224,240, 224,192, 200,003

7953

= 255, 255,153, 129,195, 195,175

7521

:076,240, 029,076, 231,030,005 5165,248, 240,221, 173,003,123

7959

7527

sl29, 153,255, 169,000, 141,102

i208,056, 233,004, 141,003,236

7965

7533 7539

:208,198, 248,165, 248,106,002

tl07, 031,173, 000,220, 041,089

7971

:176,003, 076,036, 030,165,089

5031, 073,031, 208,045, 173,084

7977

7545

5001, 220,041, 031,073, 031,182

:253,233, 026,133, 253,176,171

7983

7551 7557

:002,198, 254,165, 251,056,029

s 208, 036,032, 228,255, 208,246

7989

= 001, 096,056, 233,073, 144,144

:233,025, 133,251, 144,003,154

7563

7995

:076,036, 030,198, 252,076,039

= 222, 170,232, 233,005, 176,073

7569

:036,030, 165,248, 201,029,086 :240,169, 173,003, 208,024,200 :105,004, 141,003, 208,230,080

8001

= 216, 138,041, 002,240, 004,194

8007

:138, 073,001, 170,169, 000,110

7497

7575 7581

8013

1141, 107,03-' , 056,042, 202,144

8019

:208, 252,141, 107,031, 173,227 :000, 220,0-15, 001,220, 041,104 5016, 240,' 16, 169,006, 101,105 :162, 197,ic2, 208,252, 096,154

7593

i24B,165, 248,106, 176,123,205 sl65,253, 105,026, 133,253,080

8025

7599

il44,002, 230,254, 165,251,197

7605

5024,105, 025,133, 251,144,095

7611

8037 8043

5104,230, 252,076, 036,030,147 1165,247, 208,003, 076,066,190

8049

:026, 165,002, 201,026, 144,165

8055

:029,173, 002,208, 056,233,132 1004,141, 002,208, 198,247,237

8061

:003, 032,132, 027,032, 122,211 5033, 032,132, 027,032, 122,247

8067

= 033, 169,001, 032,207, 025,086

1165,247, 106,144, 076,165,090 5253,233, 001,133, 253,176,242

8073

sl60, 005,177, 251,074, 074,110

8079

:002,198, 254,165, 251,056,125 5233,001, 133,251, 176,057,056 :198,252, 076,036, 030,165,224 :247,201, 049,208, 003,076,001 5066,029, 173,002, 208,024,237 =105,004, 141,002, 208,230,175 :247,165, 247,106, 144,003,147 :076,036, 030,165, 253,105,162

8085

il70, 160,002, 138,024, 113,238 5251, 144,002, 165,255, 145,0B7

7587

7617

7623 7629 7635 7641 7647 7653

7659 7665 7671 7677

7683 7689

7695

8031

S091

5000, 032,250, 026,032, 177,112

8103

s251, 136,208, 243,160, 002,131 j209, 251,208, 019,160, 003,243 = 177, 251,200, 056,241, 251,063

8109 8115

sl69, 128,042, 168,200, 177,033 s251, 233,001, 145,251, 165,201

8121

s251, 024,105, 005,133, 251,186 = 201, 255,208, 198,032, 250,055 5026, 032,177, 026,162, 051,159

8097

8127 8133

7707

:001,133, 253,144, 002,230,010 :254,165, 251,024, 105,001,053 sl33,251, 144,005, 230,252,018

7713 7719

:076,036, 030,169, 001,133,222 1249,165, 248,074, 144,004,155

8151

= 189, 000,144, 041,017, 240,066 = 003, 030,000, 144,202, 208,028 :243, 032,10B, 027,032, 237,126

8157

7725

5 006,249, 006,249, 165,247,199

1009, 032,087, 022,032, 090,237

8163

7731

sl06,176, 002,006, 249,160,238

8169

5011, 032,205, 021,162, 015,161 = 134, 002,160, 029,024, 032,102

1000,177, 251,133, 002,165,017 s249,049, 253,208, 038,169,005 :192,036, 002,048, 013,165,013 :002,041, 063,170, 189,120,148

8175

s240, 255,169, 152,032, 210,017

8181 8187

s2S5, 169,032, 162,011, 032,138 s210, 255,202, 208,250, 230,070 = 002, 166,002, 224,024, 208,115

7701

7737 7743 7749 7755 7761

8139 8145

8193

7791

:034,133, :080,007, ■076,106, 5063,170, =002,162, :032,240,

7797

5210,255, 169,032, 162,007,184

8235

7S03

=032,210, 255,202, 016,250,064 1169,157, 162,007, 032,210,098 s255,202, 016,250, 165,002,001

8241

= 162, 003,149, 003,-102, 016,060 = 251, 169,009, 133,174, 169,180 = 000, 141,032, 143.23C, 032,123

8247

:143, 173,032, 143,201, 010,245'

7767

7773 7779

7785

7809 7815 7821 7827 7833

002,076, 106,030,206

8199

169,000, 133,002,222

8205 8211 8217 8223

030,165, 002,041,001 189,121, 034,133,041 015,160, 016,024,228 255,169, 149,032,220

i208,003, 076,066, 029,041,052 ;063,010, 170,189, 220,033,064

8229

82S3 8259 8265

=032,210, 255,189, 221,033,069

8171 8277

7851

:032,210, 255,169, 032,032,121 :210,255, 189,000, 120,170,085 :201,010, 176,005, 169,032,252

7857

:032,210, 255,169, 000,032,107

8295 8301

7839 7845

7863 7869 148

5205,189, 169,029, 032,210,249 :255,169, 144,032, 210,255,230

COMPUTE! s Gaislro

August 19B4

8263 8289

8307

:227, 173,100, 007,141, 140,027 = 007, 141,180, 007,141, 220,197 1007, 169,032, 162,011, 157,045 :220, 007,202, 208,250, 169,057 :020, 141,226, 007,169, 000,082

s208, 003,076,

032,204

5153, 033,169, 000, 133, 178,221 :133, 179,162, 004, 134, 251,168 = 160, 031,132, 252, 169, 190,245 = 133, 247,133, 249, 169, 004,252 = 133, 248,133, 250, 166, 167,164 = 160, 003,169, 032, 145, 247,085 il36, 016,251, 165, 247, 024,174

sl05, 040,133, 247, 144, 002,012 = 230, 248,202, 208, ^33, 174,130

B7 51

t089,067,079,078,077,065, 246

8757

1090,085,0B4,078,086,087,051

8763 8769 8775 87B1

1065,079,082,067,065,065,226 j075,072,073,000,004,004,037 1003,013,004,008,036,016,151 1025,023,012,024,020,011,192

8787

1010,008,011,003,003,005,123

8793

1007,003,010,003,012,006,130

8799

1013,008,012,021,009,011,169

8805

[009,007,006,010,008,029,170

8829

:005,00a,009,008,010,026,191

8835

:031,011,014,016,014,012,229

8841

1037,012,019,016,017,020,002

8847

102 5,009,032,025,025,029,032

8853 8859 8865

:027,030,026,031,029,032,068 1017,034,038,035,040,040,103 :041,042,038,037,046,049, 158

8871

;040,040,044,000,000,000,035

8877

;239,239,047,111,231,231,247

8883

;231,231,231,210,210,210,222

8889

:207,207,207,000,000,000,038

8895

1000,000,000,000,000,193,128

8901

:193,239,047,047,111,103,169

8907

1039,039,039,039,018,018,139

8313 8319 8325 8331 83 37

:032,143,189,127,036,133,013 s254,202,189,127,036,133, 044 :253,166,251,164,252,024,219 :032,240,255,166,253,189,250 :000,144,041,015,208,003 , 044

8343 8349

1076,111,033,189,068,034,150 :170,024,101,178,133,178,173

8355

;138,201,010,176,005,169,094

8361

1032,032,210,255,169, 154,253

8367

:032,210,255,169,000,032, 105

837 3

s205,189,166,251,160,037,165

8379 8385

1024,032,240,255,160,003,133 j169,032,032,210,255,136,003

8391 8397

i208,250,230,251,230,253,085 :198,167,208,181,165,174,018

8403

i208,003,076,105,033,173,041

8409

1032,143,024,105,014,170, 193

8415

:160,031,024,032,240,255, 197

8421

:169,154,032,210,255,165, 190

8427

:178,170,201,010,176,005,207

8433 8439

:169,032,032,210,255,169,084 :000,032,205,189,169,156,230

8445

:032,210,255,169,032,07 2,255

8451

1032,210,255,17 3,032,143,080

8463

:032, 210, 255,032, 211", 255, 241

8469

:165,179,170,201,01',176,154

8475

:005,169,032,032, 21'&,<:55, 218

8913

:018,015,079,079,077,205,170

8481

:169,028,03 2,210,255,169,128

8919

j205,000,000,000,000,000,164

8487

:000,032,20 5,189,162,024,139

8925

1193,193,240,048,048,112,031

8493

!l60,030,024,032,240,255,018

8931

il03,039,039,039,039,019,249

8499

!169,152,032,210,255,165,010

8937

:019,019,015,015,079,014,13B

B505

:178,024,101,003,13 3,003,243

8943

j206,205,000,000,000,199,081

8511

sl69,000,101,004,133,004,218

8949

1007,066,193,240,048,048,079

8517

:165,179,101,005,133,005,145

8955

1040,040,103,041,041,041,045

8523

1169,000,101,006,133,006,234

8961

1019,019,019,016,016,078,168

8529

1166,003,165,004,032,205,144

8967

:140,205,013,205,201,199,202

8535

1189, 1.62,024,160,036,024,170

8541

103 2,240,255,166,005,165,188

8973 8979

:007,007,004,196,241,049,005 :110,046,046,045,041,041,092

8547

1006,032,205,189,198,174,135

8985

:041,020,020,020,084,016,226

8553

1032,046,017,076,053,032,105

8991

:080,012,076,011,010,07 3,037

8559

1189,068,034,024,101,179,194

8565

:133,179,076,201,032,173,143

8997 9003

1009,009,071,070,197,241,122 1049,110,046,046,045,045,128

8571 8577

:026,143,141,129,143,032,225 :243,027,169,000,141,129,070

9009

:042,042,042,149,149,149,110

9015

1017,145,012,076,011,138,193

8583

:143,174,032,143,189,127,175

9021

1074,137,088,151,200,000,L99

8589

1036,168,202,189,127,036,131

9027

:000,049,049,110,046,045,110

8595 8601

(170,202,032,247,027,096,153 (169,156,032,210,25S,032,239

9033

:045,042,042,042,021,021,030

9039

:021,085,017,145,076,075,242

8607

:235,017,162,003,160,030,254

9045

:031,095,090,025,087,214,115

8613

1024,032,240,255,032,193,173

90 51

:000,000,241,049,110,172,151

8619

1033,174,032,143,189,127,101

9057

:044,044,043,043,171,101,031

8625

=036,202,056,253,127,036,119

9063

:037,037,081,099,017,096,214

8631 8637

jl33,167,105,003,170,160,153 1030,032,240,255,162,000,140

9069

:096,096,089,091,091,091,151

9075

1000,000,000,000,241,049,149

8643

:189,207,033,208,001,096,161

8649

s032,210,255,232,208,244,102

9081 9087

:113,044,044,043,043,043,195 :038,037,037,165,035,035,218

8;>55

:154,068,069,077,032,032,127

9093

:098,161,160,093,156,027,060

8661

1032,032,028,082,069,080,024

8667 8673

1000,032,032,077,069,078,251 1072,086,084,077,065,082,179

9099 9105

:219,000,000,000,000,241,087 :049,113,044,044,043,043,225

8679

1073,067,0B4,078,089,078,188

8685

8457

1009,048, 032, 210, 2:.5, 104, 155

8811 8817 8823

1004,004,003,008,005,007,138 1005,004,010,007,047,003,189 1004,000,001,003,003,004,134

9111

1107,038,038,038,102,035,253

:074,0B0,065,079,072,073,168

9117 9123

:163,034,033,097,029,092,093 1156,000,000,000,000,000,063

8691

1078,073,076,077,07 3,087,195

9129

:000,000,000,236,236,235,108

8697

:073,077,078,073,065,077,180

8703

:079,078,068,083,068,078,197

9135 9141

: 230,038,038,038,038,038,083 :036,100,034,033,033,029,190

8709

1069,07 5,083,068,069,077,190

8715

1068,068,067,086,065,087,196

9147

:029,000,000,000,000,000,216

9153

1242,050,242,000,243,000,202

8721

1086,078,067,083,067,071,213

9159

1000,000,230,230,038,038, 223

8727

1065,070,076,075,089,084,226

9165

:230,036,228,226,225,222,092

8733

1078,065,076,077,083,065,217

9171

t222,030,000,000,000,000,207

8739

1082,076,065,079,075,084,240

9177

:000,242,050,050,000,000,047

8745

i 0B8, 077, 084", 073 , 068, 087 , 006

9183

:243,000,000,000,000, COMPUTED Gazette

AugusM9B4

149

9189

9195

9201

9207 9213

:230,000,000,000,000, 000,203

:000,000,242,000,000, 000,251 :242,000,000,000,000, 000,001

9237

:000,000,000,000,000, 000,021 s000,000,000,000,000, 222,249

9249 9255 9261

:222,000,000,255,032, 082,112 :069,071,073,079,078, 083,236 :000,078,069,087,032, 069,124

9273 9279

:066,065,078,032,078, 069,189 !000,072,069,065,082, 084,179

:076,078,068,000,071, =080,076,065,073,078, 1000, 065,084, 076, 065, 1084,073,067,000,083, :085,084,072,069,082,

9315

:000,065,082,075,076, 065,206

EDITOR VERSION

[rem 35

t rem 120

MACHINE LANG

2.01f5

DOWN}"

:rem

237

210

PRINT"g53(2 UPjSTARTING ADDRESS?

215

INPUTS !F=1-F(C$=CHRS(31 + U9*F)

220

IFS<256OR(S>40960ANDS<49152)ORS>53247

225

(8 SPACES){9 LEFT}";

:rem 143 :rem

166

THENGOSUB3000iGOTO210

irem

235

PRINT:PRINTiPRINT

:rem

180

230 PRINT"E5^[2 UP)ENDING ADDRESS7

:078,071,076,000,085, 082,187

9285 9291 9297 9303 9309 9321

UAGE

:000,230,000,000,000, 000,227

:000,000,000,222,030, 222,221

SPACES}"

200 PRINT"[2 DOWN)(PUR][BLK3

:000,000,243,000,000, 000,234

9225 9231

9267

140 PRINT"(RVS}f41

:000,000,242,242,242, 242,185

9219

9243

(0Ff3E*3{RVS}[14 SPACESJ";

:000,000,222,222,000, 000,167

(8 SPACES}(9 LEFT]";tINPUTE:F=l-F:C$=

240

032,138 083,018

250

078,193

079,217 078,051

260

CHR$(31+119*F)

:rem 20

IFE<256OR(E>40960ANDE<4915 2)ORE>5 3247

THENGOSUB30001GOTO230

IFE<STHENPRINTC$;"[RVS}ENDING

:rem

[2 SPACES)"iGOSUB1000iGOTO 230

PRINT:PRINTiPRINT

183

START

:rem :rem

176 179

300 PRINT"{CLR}";CHR$(14):AD=S:POKEV+21,0

[084,069,088,000,077, 079,246

:rem

225

9327 9333 9339

(085,078,084,065,073, 078,062 1000,080,065,067,073, 070,216 1073,067,032,000,001, 007,047

310

A=l i PRINTRIGHI'S ( "0000"+MID$ ( STR$ (AD) ,

9345

:010,015,022,031,035, 039,025 (047,052,052,220,243, 243,224

315 320

FORJ=ATO6 :rem GOSUB570tIFN'=-lTHENJ=J+N:GOTO320

390

IFN=-211THEN

710

:rem

400 410

IFN=-204THEN

790

irem

9351 9357 9363 9369 9375

[047,063,220,078,228, (077,228,227,206,092, 1243,092,227,242,227, [099,063,047,228,063,

9381

sl00,190,069,070,100, 077,003

9387 9393 9399 9405 9411

[077,070,070,212,078, )243,243,197,212,228, [197,235,242,228,242, :033,059,03 3,246,104, [202,189,036,097,089,

077,086 243,147 069,216

243,007 047,094

1003,171,186,238,254, 204,239

9429

1171,002,080,070,070, 235,073 1000,145,069,001,001, 134,057

9459 9465 9471 9477 9483 9489 9495 9501 9507 9513

225

420

:rem 238 IF No-196 THEN 480 : rem 133 PRINTtINPUT"DISPLAYtFROM";F:PRINT,"TO

"jiINPUTT

:rem 2l4

1087,203,097,096,119, 223,026

440

1067,159,211,066,027, 1029,104,164,179,005, 1052,233,044,056,004, (017,210,066,230,063, (175,077,154,057,061, (140,062,047,120,216, (059,005,145,213,145, 1187,242,011,230,131, i000,000,068,082,085, (028,152,000,000,013,

095,100 065,027

450

136,012

451

FORK=0TO5:N=PEEK(I+K):PRINTRIGHTS("00 "+MID$(STR$(N),2),3);","; :rem 66

092,115

460

GETA$:IFA$>""THENPRINT:PRINT:GOTO310

037,127 243,065

470

NEXTKiPRINTCHRS(20);:NEXTI:PRINT:PRIN T:GOTO310 irem 50

480

IFN<0

REM LINES CHANGED 0 ARE 750,765,770

159,173

THEN

PRINT:GOTO310

:rem

16S

A(J)=N:NEXTJ :rem 199 500 CKSUM=AD-INT(AD/256)*256:FORI=1TO6:CK SUM=(CKSUM+A(I))AND255:NEXT trem 200 510 PRINTCHR?{18);iGOSUB5 70 i PRINTCHR$(146 ) ; irem 94

VERSION 2.0 irem 50

511

IFN=-lTHENA=6iGOTO315

515

PRINTCHRS(20):IFN=CKSUMTHEN530

:rem

520

rem 122 RE-E PRINT: PRINT-LINE E_NTERED WRONG NTER":PRINT:GOSUB1000tGOTO310 rem 176

[rem

119

530

GOSQB2000

540

560

FORI=1TO6:POKEAD+I-1,A(I)iNEXT[POKE54 rem 227 272,0:POKE54273,0 AD=AD+6:IF AD<E THEN 310 rem 212 rem 108 GOTO 710

570

N=0iZ=0

:rem

580

PRINT"g£|"; GETASiIFASra""THEN56i:

:rem 81 irem 95

:rem 176

120 PRINT"[RVS}{14 SPACES}(RIGHT}{OFF} £«3£(RVS][RIGHT] (RIGHT)[2 SPACES}

: rem 250

130 PRINT"(RVS)(14 SPACES}(RIGHT} gGS (RIGHT) (2 RIGHT! (OFF)£{RVSj£B*8 AugusMSM

159

490

POKE 788,52iREM DISABLE RUN/STOP

COMPUTE! s Gazette

:rem

PRINT" {CLRH63";CHR$( 142) ;CHR$(8) ; t

(14 SPACES }■"■;

trem

FORI=FTOTSTEP6iPRINTtPRINTRIGHT$("000 0"+MID$(STR?(l),2),5);"t";

013,247

§*3TOFF)i*3f{RVS}f{RVS)

LEAS

NOT MORE THAN";E:GOTO43

193,255

FROM MLX AND 860

IFF<SORF>EORT<SORT>ETHENPRINT"AT

T";S;"(LEFT],

169,248

110 PRINT"fRVS){39 SPACES!";

150

IFN=-206THENAD=ZZ:PRINT:GOTO310

=066,234,170,246,245, 234,146 il58,124,254,lll,247, 057,164

POKE53281,liPOKE53280,l

101

:rem

417

430

(Article on page 132.) 100

ADDRESS";ZZ

IFN=-206THENIFZZ<SORZZ>ETHENPRINT"

irem

MLX 10

228

ERVS}OUT OF RANGE":GOSUB1000:GOTO410

126,022

9423

9447 9453

415

IFN=-206THENPRINT: INPUT" (DOWN}E_NTER N EW

212,122

189,229 t220,052,118,122,081, 038,064

trem 33

:rem

062,015

9417

9435 9441

2),5);":";

550

5B1

rem

254

218

582

AV=-<A$="M")-2*(A$=",")-3MA$=".")-4* (AS="j")-5*(A$="K")-6*(A$="L")irem

583 AV=AV-7*(A$="U")-8*(A$="I">-9*(A$="O" )iIFA$="H"THENA$="0" :rem 134 584 585

IFAV>0THENA$=CHR$(48+AV)

:rem 134

860

IF(PEEK(783)AND1)OR(191ANDST)THEN870

ORA=32THEN670

irem 229

865

PRINT"{DOWN}DONE.":GOTO310

PRINTCHR$(20)rtA=ASC(A$)iIFA=13ORA=44

590

IFA>12BTHENN=-AiRETURN

rem

600

IFA<>20

:rem

610

THEN

630

137

{LEFT}";:GOTO690

GOTO570

:rem 62 :rem

IFA<48ORA>57THEN580

109

:rem 114

PRINT",";:RETURN

:rem

240

690 SS=PEEK(209)+2 56*PEEK(210)+PEEK(211) irem

149

691

FORI=1TO3:T=PEEK(SS-I)

695

IFT<>44ANDTo58THENPOKES%-I,32:NEXT

:rem 67 irem

205

700 PRINTLEFT$("(3 LEFT}",1-1);:RETURN irem

**«{3

DOWN}"

irem

PRINT"{2 DOWN)(PRESS {RVS}RETURN{OFF} ALONE TO CANCEL SAVE){DOWN]":rem 106 720 F$="":INPUT"[DOWNj FILENAME";F$:IFF$= :rem

730 PRINTiPRINT"{2 DOWN}{RVS}T(OFFJAPE OR :rem 228

GETA$ iTFAS<>"T"ANDA"?<> "D"THEN740

irem

762 763

DV=l-7*(A$="D"}iIFDV=8THENF$="0:"+FS t

:rem

1003

FORT=1TO200:NEXTiPOKE54276,32 SPOKE54

2000

273,0sPOKE54272,0iRETURN REM BELL SOUND

2001

POKE54296,15:POKE54277,0:POKE54278,2

srem 202 irem 78

trem

152

2002

POKE

54276,17:POKE54273,40tPOKE54272

2003

FORT=lTO100:NEXTtPOKE54276,16:RETURN

3000

PRINTC$;"{RVS}NOT GOTO1000

:rem :rem

86 57

ZERO PAGE OR ROM": irem 89

Balloon Blitz (Article on page 56.)

Program 1: Balloon Blitz—64 Version 1 PRINT"{CLR}"iGOSUB100 3

A=PEEK(56320)iIFA=123THENX=X-S

T$=F$:ZK=PEEK(53)+256*PEEK(54)-LEN(T$

IFA=119THENX=X+SiIFA=123THENX=X-S

1FX>255THENX=22

:rem

IFX<22THENX=255

:rem

POKEV+12.X

t rem

206

Z=Z-1.5*D:IFZ<24THENZ=255

:rem

127

IFZ>255THENZ=24

)iPOKE782,ZK/256

irem 3

POKE781,ZK-PEEK(782)* 256:POKE780, LEN(

T$)ISYS65469

:rem

109

POKE780,l:POKE781,DVtPOKE782,lrSYS6 54 irem'

*256:POKE780,253

irem 17

766

K=E+1:POKE782,K/256:POKE781,K-PEEK(78 2)*256iSYS65496 irem 235 770 IF(PEEK(783)AND1)OR(191ANDST)THEN780 : rem

111

780 PRINT"{DOWNjERROR ON SAVE.{2

113

SPACES)?

RY AGAIN."iIFDV=1THEN720 :rem 171 OPEN15,8,15tINPUT#15,El$,E2S:PRINTEl$ ;E25:CLOSE15iGOTO720 :rem 103

190 PRINT"{CLR]{RVS}*** LOAD ***{2 DOWN}"

irem

irem irem

160 239

30 29

:rem

;rem 205 10 P0KEV+6.Z 11 CM=CM+HtPOKEV+4,CM:POKEV+14,CM+25:IFCM -204THENH=H*-1

12 13

:rem

IFCM=24THENH=H*-1 :rem 169 GETA$tT=VAL(A$)IIFT>0ANDT<10THENPRINT"

[HOME][DOWN)";TAB(13)"SPEED

PRINT"{DOWN}DONE.[DOWN}":GOTO310 :rem

BO=0THEN

:rem 224

212

;rem

765 K=S:POKE254,K/256:POKE253,K-PEEK(254)

781

54273,6:POKE54272,

775

102

OPEN15,8,15,"S"+F$iCLOSE15

760

:rem

236

715

750

rE2$:CLOSE15:GOTO800

POKE54276,33:POKE

IFZ=0THENGOSUB1000:GOTO570

(T/D)"

172

OPEN15,8,15iINPUT#15,El$,E2$:PRINTEl?

1002

229

680

{rVS!d{OFF}ISKj

:rem

880

irem

670

740

SPACES}T

REM BUZZER :rem 135 POKE54296,15:POKE54277,45:POKE54278, 165 :rem 207

irem 71

""THENPRINTiPRINT:GOTO310

PRINT"{DOWN}ERROR ON LOAD.[2

RY AGAIN.(DOWN]":IFDV=1THEN800

1000 1001

660 Z=Z+liIFZ<3THEN580

E=AVE

870

111

:rem 96

:rem 105

640 PRINTA$; iN=N*10+-A-48 trem 106 650 IFN>255 THEN A=20:GOSUB1000tGOTO600

710 PRINT" {CLR} {RVS}***

:rem

GOSUB690!lFI=lANDT=44THENN=>-liPRINT"

{OFF}[LEFT} 620

T$):SYS65469 :rem 107 POKE780,1:POKE781,DV:POKE782,1:SYS654 66 :rem 70 850 POKE780,0:SYS65493 :rem 11

845

{HOME}":S=T/1.75

IFA>117THENGOTO3

";T;"

:rem 53

:rem 167

FORI=MTOM+'24 : POKEI, 0 :NEXT: POKEM+24,15 t POKEM+5,31iPOKEM+6,0sPOKEM+4,35 :rem 195

BO=BO-1:PRINT"[HOME}(5

DOWN}":PRINTTAB

(34)BO; "{LEFT}{2 SPACES)"

.-rem 154

irem 212

000 F^="":INPUT"[2 DOWN) FILENAME";F$iIFF

A=PEEK(56320):IFA=119ORA=103THENX=X+S

IFA=123ORA=107THENX=X-S IFX>255THENX=22 IFX<22THENX=255 POKEV+12.X Z=Z-1.5*D:IFZ>255THENZ=24 IFZ<24THENZ=255 P0KEV+6,Z

795

810

PRINT"{2 DOWN](P_RESS {RVS } RETURN [OFF} ALONE TO CANCEL LOAD)" " :rem 82 ?=""THENPRINTiGOTO310

irem 144

PRINTtPRINT"{2 DOWN}{RVS}t{OFF)APE OR

D=INT(RND(l)*DS+0):D=D-SUBtPOKEV+30,0: POKEV+3,90:POKEV+2,X !rem 184 18 FORI=1TO12 :rem 13 :rem

820

GETA$iIFA$<>"T"ANDA$O"D"THEN820

830

DV=1-7*(A$="D");IFDV=8THENF$="0:"+F$

840

T$=F$iZK=PEEK{53)+256*PEEK(54)-LEN(T$

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

)iPOKE782,ZK/256

841

POKE781,ZK-PEEK(782)*256iPOKE780,LEN(

{RVS}D[OFF)lSKi

(T/D)"

irem 227 :rem :rem

34 157

irem 2

141

:rem 88 :rem 76 :rem 75 :rem 252 :rem 175 :rem 84 :rem 212

CM=CM+H:POKEV+4,CM:POKEV+14,CM+25:IFCM

=24THENH=H*-1

:rem COMPUTE1'* Gazette

Augustl9B4

48 151

28 IFCM=204THENH=H*-1

.rem 224

29 POKEV,205:P0KEV+3,90+1*10tCOL=PEEK(V+3 0):IFCOL=142ORCOL=206THENGOTO33

176

101

irem

152

102

irem 170

103

POKEM,01POKEM+1, 01 POKEM+4,0:D=INT(RND(

POKEV+2,0iMI=MI+1:PRINTTAB(34)"

{9 DOWN3";MI:GOTO2

:rem 75

POKE2043,203:POKEV+2,0:POKEV+28,57:POK EM,255:POKEM+l,4:POKEM+2,0

:rem 226

POKEM+3,8 t POKEM+5,63 t POKEM+6,90:POKEM+ 4,129 :rem 217

35 FORI=1TO3:FORJ=1TO30:POKEV+42,J/10:NEX TtNEXT

irem

KEV+42,12:FORI=MTOM+24IPOKEI,0iNEXT

OKEV+43,9:POKEV+44,9:POKEV+45,14

FORI=0TO24:POKEM+I,0:NEXT :rem 62 POKEM+5,85 j POKEM+6,85:POKEM+12,85:POK

EM+13,85:POKE

110

:rem :rem

53280,2

:rem

TZ":PRINT"[2

DOWN}"

:rem 99

102

111

POKEM+24,L5:POKEM+4,33:POKEM+11,17

rem

237

112

FORFF=1TO6:READH1,LI,H2,L2:POKEM+1,HI

:rem

:GOTO57

AVS="

PRINT"{HOME}{23

DOWN}(10 SPACESjGAME O

:rem 45 irem

PRINTTAB(9)"{RVS}(UP}{RIGHT) {2 SPACES[MISSION ** "

** YOUR :rem 160

:rem

173

114

IFH1=50THENFORT=1TO200:NEXT

:rem

198

115

FORT=lTO100sNEXT

:rem

237

113

116 PRINTTAB(9)"{OFF}[UP]{RIGHT) ** YOUR {2 SPACES}MISSION ** ":NEXTFF jrem 40

FORI=1TO300:NEXTI

FORJ=lTO20iPRINT"(UP]{5 SPACES}RANK: {RVS}";AV$:FORI=1TO50:NEXTI :rem 190

117

FORI=MTOM+24:POKEI,0:NEXT

118

PRINT"{DOWN}£73{2

ORI=1TO50iNEXTIiNEXTJ

119 PRINT"{2

(OFF}";AV$:F irem 27

61 PRINT"{UP){RVS}{6 SPACES}ANOTHER GAME{ Y/N)?{8 SPACES)" irem 108

GETAN$!lFAN$O"Y"ANDAN$<>"N"THEN62

IFAN$="N"THENPOKE254,0;SYS254

PRINT"{UP)(RVS){2

:rem

183

trem

163

SPACESjWHICH LEVEL 0

F PLAY 1-6 irem 6 65 GETLESiIFLES<"l"ORLE$>"6"THEN65 :rem 215 66 LE=VAL(LE$)I IF LE=1 THEN =2:SUB=-1

LE=2 LE=3 LE=4 LE=5 LE=6

THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN

DS=3:SUB=0 DS=3:SUB=1 DS=4:SUB=2 DS=6sSUB=3 DS=7:SUB=4

PRINT"(DOWN}

CONTROL YOUR SPEED WITH

123

"1=SLOWEST" irem 179 PRINTTAB{16)"9=FASTEST":PRINTTAB(12)"

124

FOR

(SPACEJTHE NUMBER KEYS"iPRINT TAB(16) {3

DOWN]ONE MOMENT

PLEASE"

irem

202

irem

190

:rem

SPACES}"

164

irem

SPACES}"

irem

211

242

122

198

245

236

BUTTON TO :rem

irem

FIRE

BOMBS"

PRINT"(UP}{5

[2 SPACES}1" srem 138 77 PRINT"{HOME)(5 DOWN}":PRINTTAB(35)"20"

August 1984

:rem

126

:rem

COMPUTE'S Gazotro

ROP

202

;LE;"{LEFT){11 SPACES}{OFF){WHT}"

80 GOTO2

PORT

:rem

76 PRINT"{HOME}":PRINTTAB(13)"SPEED

152

PRINT"{8 SPACES}PUSH

FORI=lTO10sGETAS:NEXT

PRINT"{UP}{RVS}{GRN}(13 SPACES)LEVEL

191

121

125

:rem 208 jrem 45

:rem

ENEMY TANKS

(SPACE)IN YOUR SECTOR>" :rem 197 PRINT"iDOWN}{8 SPACES}PUT JOYSTICK IN

198

X=150:Y=130:S=l!Z=0:BO=20;HI=0:MI=0:T=

120

irem

D=INT(RND(1)*DS+0):D=D-SUB

79 PRINTTAB(34)"{4 DOWN}(3

AIR BALLOON>"

SPACES)<DESTROY

195

78 PRINTTAB{34)"{4 DOWN){3

A HOT

srem

223

IF IF IF IF IF

1 74 FORI=MTOM+24iPOKEI,0:NEXT

:rem

SPACES)<PATROL FIEL

irem

67 68 69 70 71

176

:POKEM,LI:POKEM+8,H2:POKEM+7,L2

":GOTO57 :rem 76 irem 194

PRINT"{CLR){DOWN}[WHT]";TAB(6)"

rem

IFAV>=.25THENAV$="

PRINT"[UP)(5 SPACESjRANKi

77 13

{2 SPACES){RVS}WELCOME TO BALLOON BLI

147

207

POKEV+40,14:POKEV+41,15:POKEV+42, 12[P

109

:rem

VER{14 SPACES}"

irem

106

10a

rem

PRIVATE

:POKEV+37,13:POKEV+38,5tPOKEV+39,9

SPACESjMAJOR JK

CORPORAL

117

IFAV>=.85THENAV$="{2

SERGEANT

:rem

POKEV+23,149:POKEV+28,49tPOKEV+29,133

HI:GOTO

IFAV>=.50THENAV$="

105

POKEV+46,15:POKE53280,2

:GOTO57

:POKEV+13,80 i POKEV+14,49:POKEV+15,57

X07

:rem

CAPTAIN

233

191

IFAV>=.95THEN AV$="**GENERAL**

IFAV>=.75THENAV$="

:rem

rem

5:POKE2043,201:POKE2044,204 :rem 19 POKE2045,204;POKE2046,200:POKE2047,20 5:POKEV,205:POKEV+1,200 :rem 150 POKEV+4,24:POKEV+5,63 s POKEV+6,0:POKEV +7,205:POKEV+8,150iPOKEV+9,170

145

rem

SPACES}":GOTO57

148

rem

50 AV=Hl/20

:rem

POKE2040,204:POKE2041,202tPOKE2042,20

104 POKEV+10,60:POKEV+11,183:POKEV+12,150

36 POKEV+28,49iPOKEV+30,0:POKE2043,201:PO 37 D=INT{RND(l)*DS+0):D=D-SUB 38 HI=HI+1tPRINTTAB(34)"{4 DOWN}"

0iY=130:S=1jZ=0:BO=20:HI=0!MI=0

:rem

30 POKEM,240-1*5:POKEM+1,240-1*5:NEXT l)*DS+0)iD=D-SUB

100 V=53 248:M=54272iCM=24:CN=25:H=.5:X=15

1=0

5:FOR

N=0

:rem 187

62:READ

12800+(I*64)+N,Q:NEXT:NEXT

AY 1

Q:POK

:rem

SPACES}ENTER LEVEL OF

THROUGH 6

:rem

127

PRINTTAB(16)"[DOWN]1=EASIEST":PRINTTA

128

B(16)"6=HARDEST" irem 153 GET LES:IF LE$<"1"OR LE$>"6"THEN128 »

irem

129 A$="1":LE=VAL(LE$) 130 IF LE=1 THEN DS=2:SUB=-1 131 IF LE=2 THEN DS=3:SUB=0

:rem 164 : r-5m 22 :rem 235

132

DS=3:SUB=1

:rem 238

133 134

IF LE=4 THEN DS=4:SUB=2 IF LE=5 THEN DS=6iSUB=O

:rem 242 srem 247

135 136

IF LE=6 THEN DS = 7 i'SUB-4 D=INT(RND(l)*DS+0)iD=D-SUB

irem 251 irem 239

137

PRINT"(CLR]":

LE=3

THEN

138 FOR

1=1 TO

POKE 53280,0iPOKE

53281

irem 142

irem 69

139 PRINT "{RVS ]{BLU) (3?- SPACES } {OFF} "

irem 49

140 NEXT

'rem 212

141 PRINTTAB{21)"{UP}[5 RIGHT}£&*3"

:rem

156

142 PRINT"{RVSJEBLU){32 SPACESHOFF)" irem 43

215 DATA 0,170,0,0,170,0,0,170,0,0,178,0, 0,170,0,0,170,0,97,170,134,170,170 irem

216 DATA 170,42,170,168

217 DATA 0,60,0,0,255,0,3,255,192,15,253, 240,15,63,240,63,255,252,63,255,252

143 PRINTTAB(21)"(UP}{2 RIGHT}£|*l£

[2 SPACES) E*5|£fc*5!"

:rem 81

144 PRINT"(RVS)lBLU)(32 SPACES][OFF]"

irem

219

:rem

220

147 PRINTTAB(19)"[UP]£ N[4 SPACES]MM SPACES)"

srem

148 PRIKT"[RVS]§63[32 SPACES][OFF)" 149

irem irem

PRINT"[RVS]E63t32

153

UifOFF}"

SPACES](OFF)"

Program 2: Balloon Blitz—VIC Version

:rem 43

srem 198

154 155

FOR 1=0 TO 31 POKE 1984+1,160

:rem 62 :rem 215

156

POKE

:rem

168

157

:rem

220

56256+1,5

158 PRINT "[WHT][HOME][3 DOWN)";TAB(33)"B OMBS"

DATA 255,255,127,255,254,63,255,252,3 1,255,248,7,255,224 irem 156

165

PRINT"[RVS][GRN][12 SPACESJLEVEL:";LE ;"[LEFT][12

222

164

SPACES)[OFF}"

PRINT"[RVS](GRN)i32

224,31,255,248,63,255,252,127,25 irem 88

:rem

152

DATA

5,254,255,255,255,255,255,255,255

171

150 PRINT"(RVS)E6|{32 SPACES)fOFF]" 151

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.7.255

irem 117 221

:rem

DATA 15,247,240,3,255,192,0,40,0,0,40 ,0,0,40,0,0,40,0,0,40,0,0,40,0 s rem 70 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.0.0.

162

PRINTTAB(19)"[UP][RIGHT)£{6 SPACES] g*g"

,61,255,252,63,255,252,15,255,240

:rem 49

146 PRINT"[RVSTfBLU][32 SPACES][OFF]" [4

irem 136

218 DATA 63,247,220,63,255,252,63,247,220

145 PRINTTAB{20)"(UP]£;B*3£f2 SPACES}M (2 SPACES]N{2 SPACES}?*!"

irem 108

:rem

159 PRINT TAB(33)"LEFT" irem 41 160 PRINT TAB(33)"[4 DOWN}HITS" :rem 114 161 PRINT TAB(33)"E4 DOWN)MISS[HOME}"

Note: See instructions in article before typing in. 80

POKE36879.27

POKE945.0

irem

irem 150

100

GOTO

103

DD=37154iPA=37137iPB=37152:BO=20:HI=0

10000

:rem

IV=36878:S4=36877:S1=36876

187

irem

104 CL=5iS$=" 1"jFL=0sT=1iS=9 irem 49 105 XX=PEEK(945)iIFPEEK{8098+XX)<47THENPO

106

KE8098+CO+XX,7:POKE8098+XX,37 I ram 26 IFPEEK(8099+XX)<47THENPOKE8099+CO+XX, 7iPOKE8099+XX,37

irem

223

138

107

162 PRINT TAB(13)"SPEED[2 SPACES}";AS;" {HOME}" :rem 153 163 PRINT"[HOME)[6 DOWN]";TAB{35)"20"

109

DO$="[CYN3EHOME}[22 DOWN]{RVS][GRN]"

POKE4176,15iPOKE4177,15sPOKE4304,l:PO

:rem

K(945) irem 155 108 POKE944,0:POKE945,15:POKE946,15:rem 0 irem

164

POKEV+21,255

118

110

165 200

RETURN :rem 124 DATA25,30,18,209,33,135,25,30,42, 62, 3

120

:rem

1,165,50,60,37,162,42,62,31,165,50,60 :rem 201

DATA37.162

202

DATA DATA

srem

DATA

195

7,255,240,7,255,240,7,255,240,3,

255,224 204

220

0,127,0,1,255,192,3,255,224,3,25

5,224 203

srem

irem

3,255,224,3,255,224,2,255,160,1,

127,64

:rem

252

205

DATA

1,62,64,0,156,128,0,156,128,0,73

206

DATA

207

DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

■208

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0:rem 171 DATA 127,224,63,255,224,63,255,224,0,

,0,0,73,0

:rem srem

127,224,0,63,192,63,255,252

184

:rem

trem

IFBO=0ANDFL=0THEN800

:rem

26 185

130

SYS828:SYS4190

140 150

CL=CL+liIFCL=6THENCL=liSYS4096:rem 79 POKE37139,0:POKEDD,127 rem 223

irem

160 RI=-{(PEEK(PB)AND128)=0)tPOKEDD,255 170 P=PEEK(PA)iLE={(PAND16)=0)

:rem

218

rem

205

rem

174

rem

153

175 IF-((PAND32)=0)=lANDFL=0THENFL=liGOSU B500

180 X=1+LE+RI:POKE4304,X

190 195

IFINT(RND(1)«60)<LI*2THENPOKE944,INT(

rndu; ■3)

rem

178

GETA?

rem

2 28

200 T=VAL(AS) iIFT>0ANDT<10THENS$=>STRS{T) : S=(10-T) irem 173 205 PRINT"[HOME][RVS][YEL](2 SPACES)SPEED

="SS" LEVEL= "Llj"{2 SPACES]

:rem

129

BO$=STR$(BO);HI$=STRS(HI)+" " srem 35 PRINTDO$"{3 SPACES]BOMBS"rBO$;" HITS"

DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 :rem 73

;HI$;

irem

290

IFFL=1THENGOSUB520

:rem

112

DATA

295

IFIN=1THENIN=0:GOTO107

irem

114

DATA

210

127,255,254,255,255,255,255,255,

255,127,255,254,63,255,252

srem

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,102,0,0,126, :rem

200

DATA 0,0,24,0 srem 41 DATA 10,170,160,42,170,168,170,170,17 0,170,170,170,170,170,170,170,170,170 srem

233

214 DATA170.170,170,170,170,170,170,170,1 70,42,255,42,29,170,56,0,170,0 irem

102

300 FORI=0TO(S-l)«15iNEXTIiGOTO120irem 45

0,0,60,0,0,60,0,0,60,0,0,60,0,0,60 212 213

KE4305,5

206 207

209

211

126

0,62,0,0,62,0,0,62,0,0,28,0

FORI=7724TO7767iPOKEI,32iHEXTIiXX=PEE

195

500 SYS4336:BO=BO-1

:rem 91

502

REM

IFINT(RND(1)*20)<LI*2THENPOKE944,

506

INT(RND(1)*3) POKEV,PEEK(V)OR10:POKES1,240

:rem 143 trem 201

510

RETURN

:rem

520

SYS4384iPOKESl,240-Q

irem 150

530

Q=Q+1:IFQ<>14THENRETURN

irem

535

XX=PEEK(4608)tQ=0:FL=0 COMPUTE'S Gazette

118 219

irem AugusM984

3 1S3

540 IFPEEK(8098+XX)=33ORPEEK(8098+XX)=34T HEN600

:rem

542 POKES1,0:POKEV,PEEK{V)OR12:POKES4,130 :rem

545 IFPEEK(8098+XX)>45ANDPEEK(8098+XX)<50 THENFORI=lTO100:NEXTIiGOSUB970:POKES4 ,0:RETURN

:rem

547 POKE8076+CO+XX,7:POKE8076+XX,37

:rem

560

FORI=1TO100:NEXTI

:rem

10030 10040

:rem 83

10080 10090

10100

603

IFPEEK(8099+XX)o47THENPOKE8077+CO+XX

10110

610

IFPBEK(8098+XX)o48THENPOKE8076+XX,53

10120

620

IFPEEK{8099+XX)<>47THENPOKE8077+XX,54

169

trem

tPOKE8099+XX,61

135

:rem

140

630

FORI=1TO250:NEXTI

640

HIT=HIT+ltIFPEEK(8098+XX)o48THENPOKE

trem

8076+XX+CO,7fPOKE8098+CO+XX,7

irem 65

650

IFPEEK(8099+XX)o47THENPOKE8077+XX+CO

660

IFPEEK(B098+XX)<>48THENPOKEB076+XX,37

,7iPOKE8099+XX+CO,7

665 690

irem

167

10140

t rem

:rem

PRINT"(DOWN) PATROL FIELDS IN A [4 SPACESjHOT AIR BALLOON" irem 10 PRINT"[DOWN] DESTROY ENEMY TANKS [3 SPACESjlN YOUR SECTOR" trem 187 PRINT"[DOWN}

USE JOYSTICK TO

PRINT"

PUSH THE

E3 SPACESjTO DROP A BOMB" trem 32 PRINT"(DOWN) CONTROL YOUR SPEED [4 SPACESjWITH THE NUMBER KEYS" PRINT" 1=SLOWEST, 9=FASTEST"irem 33 PRINT"lDOWN}[2 SPACES}ONE MOMENT PL :rem

127

PRINTCHR$(142)

:rem

109

10160

CS=5120iFORI=CSTOCS+2047:POKEI,PEEK

10170

(I+32768-CS)iNEXT irem 15 FORI=CS+264TOCS+527iREADJiPOKEI,JiN

iPOKE8098+XX,37 irem 146 IFPEEK(8099+-XX)o47THENPOKE8077+XX,37 jPOKE8099+XX,37 irem 153 FORX=14TO0STEP-2:FORI=1TO10:POKEV,PEE

10175

GOSUB11000tGOSUB12000tGOSUB13000:GO

10180

IFPEEK(13983)=102THEN10200 CLR:POKE36869,253

EXTI

10190

182

10200

700

IN=liRETURN

irem

182

800 AV-HI/20

:rem 142

irem

SUB14000

:rem

{2 SPACES}6=HARDEST

139

10215

0 LI=VAL(LI$)

10230

PRINT"{CLR}":CO=30720:POKE36879,111

10235

FORI=8054TO8119iPOKEI,37iPOKEI+CO,7

:rem 248

10240

sNEXT trem 66 FORI=8120TO8141iPOKEI+CO,3:POKEI,16

SPACES]GAME OVER :rem 14

10250

840

IFAV>.30THENAV$="CORPORAL":GOTO850

845

AV$="PRIVATE"

:rem

FORI=1TO1500;NEXTI

860

GOSUB950:PRINTDO$" ;

:rem

198

870

FORI=1TO2000:NEXTI

:rem

100

880

GOSUB950:PRINTDO$"

PLAY

RANK

AGAIN

" ; AV$

198

GETA$:IFAS="N"THENPOKE950,0:SYS950 :rem

WHICH

LEVEL

201

905 GETAS:LI=VAL(AS) I IFLK10RLI >6THEN905 irem

202

irem

252

910

LI$=a$iGOTO103

950

PRINTDO$"(21

970

FORX=14TO0STEP-2:FORI=1TO6:POKEV,PEEK

SPACES I";;RETURN:rem 123

(V}AND240ORX:NEXTI:NEXTX:RETURN :rem

8052

trem

PRINT" {CLRHbLU} (DOWN} [ RVS J

COMPUTE'S Gazetto

August 19B4

223

180

10270

POKE7954,233iPOKE7955,223:POKE7975,

10280

233:POKE7976,160 POKE7977,160iPOKE7978,223

10290

POKE7981, 23 3 :POKE7982 , 223 IPOKE7987 , \,

10300

rem 218 233 POKE7975,233:POKE7976,160:POKE7977,

:rem

240

:rem 222 irem 214

160iPOKE7978,223:POKE7981,233

trem 231 10310

POKE7982,223:POKE7987,233:POKE7996, 23 3:POKE7997,160:POKE7998,160 :rem

10320

242

POKE 7999,160iPOKE8000,160:POKE8001 ,223:POKE8002,233:POKE8003,160:POKE

8004,160 10330

POKE8064+CO,8:POKE8064,63:POKE806 5+C O,8:POKE8065,64!POKE8066+CO,8:POKE80 66+CO,65

10000

102

:rem

FORI=38673TO38773iPOKEI,0:NEXTI

1C6";

trem

165

FORI=8142TO8185tPOKEI,160:POKEI+CO,

5iNEXTI

:rem 128

rem

152

10260

YNN"; :rem

950:PRINTDOS"

0:NEXTI

:rem 107

YOUR

:rem 47 :rem 184 irem

110

855

GOSUB

226

LI$t iIFLIS<"l"ORLI$>"6"THEN1021

:rem' 102

900

irem

GET

IFAV>.50THENAVS="SERGEANT":GOTO850

IF A$<>"Y"THEN885

10210

irem

890

122

:rem 249

IFAV>.74THENAV$="MAJOR"iGOTO850

850 GOSUB950:PRINTDO$"{5 ";

trem

PRINT"tCLR}(2 DOWN(t2 SPACES)ENTER (SPACEJLEVEL OF PLAY" trem 58 10201 PRINT"(DOWN]tRVSl 1=EASIEST

IFAV>.89THENAV$="GENERAL"iGOTO850 :rem

FIREBUTTON

EASE";

:rem 118

885

217

10150

POKES4.0

830

183

:rem 217 10130

K(V)AND240ORXiNEXTItNEXTX

820

irem

:rem

695

810

164

[7 SPACES}CONTROL BALLOON(down}"

trem 165

:POKE809B+XX,60

:rem

POKEV,0

IFPEEK(8098+XX)<>48THENPOKE8076+CO+XX trem

trem 53

10070

601

,9:POKE8099+CO+XX,9

FORT=lTO150tNEXT

NEXTX t POKES1,0:POKES2,0:POKEV, 0

600 XX=PEEK(945):P0KES1,0:POKEV,PEEK(V)OR

,9:POKE8098+CO+XX,9

2,P2

10060

:rem

249

FORX=1TO6:READP1,P2 r POKES1,PI:POKES

120

. rem 189 :rem 202

15:POKES4,140

S1=36876:S2=36875:V=36878:POKEV,15

IF P1=235THENFORT=1TO200:NEXT T

:rem 47

GOSUB970 POKES4,0tRETURN

jrem 151

10050

570 POKE8098+CO+XX,7:POKE8098+XX,37 580 590

10020

(4 RIGHTjBALLOON BLITZ"

PRINT"{DOWN}(2 SPACES]** YOUR MISSI ON **" :rem 237

550 POKE8098+XX+CO,10:POKE8098+XX,62 : rem

10010

:rem

153

POKE8005,223:POKE8006,233:POKE8007, 223:POKE8008,2 33 tPOKEB009,160

10340

trem 166 POKE8017,233:FO8I=8018TO8023:POKEI,

160:NEXTtPOKE8024,205

:rem .139

POKE8025,160:POKE8026,160:POKE8027,

10670

DATA63,127,255,255,255,119,035,001

206:POKE8028,160:POKE8029,160 :rem

177

10680

DATA254,255,255,255,254,252,248,224

POKE8030,205:POKE8031,160 srem 175 POKE8038,233:FORI=8039TO8046:POKEI,

10690

DATA86,090,106,106,170,170,170,170 :rem 227

10700

DATA149,165,169,169,170,170,170,170

10710

DATA254.056,124,254,254,124,056,016

10720

DATA101,101,101,101,101,101,101,101

:rem 161 :rem 241

10730

DATA250,2 50,250,250,250,250,250,250

10385

E8070.160 POKE8071+CO,8:POKE8071,65

10390

POKE8012+CO,5:POKE8012,35 sPOKE8034+

10740

DATA191,191,191,191,191,191,191,191

10750

DATA0,000,000,192,252,204,051,051

10760

DATA106,090,086,086,090,090,090,090

CO,5:POKE8033,45:POKE805 5+CO,8:POKE

10770

DATA165,165,149,149,165,165,165,165

8055,56 :rem 36 POKE8078+CO,13:POKE8078,38:POKE8079

10780

DATA150,085,105,085,150,170, 170,170

10790

DATA183,147,153,153,153,147,135,255

10800

DATA

86,86,90,90,106,106,170,170

10810

DATA

149,149,165,165,169,169,170,17

10350

10360 10370

160:NEXTISPOKE8047,206:POKE804B,205 irem

232

10380

POKE8049,160:POKE8050,160:POKE8051,

10382

POKE8068+CO,8iPOKE8068,64:POKE8069+

160:POKE8052,160:POKEB053,205

:rem

173

CO,0:POKE8069,160:POKE8070+CO,0:POK

10400

CO,0:POKE8034,44

irem

250

POKE8015+CO,5:POKE8015,36sPOKEB037+

CO,5:POKEB037,45:POKE8059+CO,8:POKE

8059,56 10410

10420

:rem

irem 231 :rem

: rem

:rem

208

10430

POKE36878.48

irem

207

10440

POKE8101+CO,13:POKE8101,48:POKE8122

10450

srem

216

:rem jrem

1 34

146

:rem :rem

28 49

irem

:rem

+CO,8:POKE8122,57:POKE8123+CO,8:POK

E8123,58

:rem

+CO,13:POKE8079,39:POKE8100+CO,13sP :rem

:rem

POKE8011+CO,5:POKE8011,36:POKE8033+

OKE8100,47

POKE8082+CO,13:POKE8082,38:POKEB083

:rem

199

11002

POKEB105+CO,13:POKE8105,48:POKE8126

11004

■1=828 :rem 26 READ A:IF A=256 THEN RETURN :rem 68 POKE I,A;1=1+1:GOTO 11002 srem 167

+CO,B:POKE8126,57sPOKE8127+CO,8sPOK

11006

DATA

174,177,3,138,168,173,176

E8127.58 :rem 113 10470 GOTO103 :rem 201 10480 DATA 215,215,225,225,231,231,235,23 5,231,231,235,235 srem 29

11008 11010

DATA

3,201,1,240,19,48,2

DATA

16,2,202,202,232,224,21

10490

DATA86,090,170,090,086,090,106,090

11012

DATA

208,2,162,0,224,255,208

10500

irem 235 DATA149,165,169,169,165,169,170,169 :rem 50

11014

DATA

2,162,20,185,162,151,41

10510

DATA24,060,094,251,255,239,126,060

11016

DATA

15,201,8,208,10,169,7

11018

DATA

153,162,151,169,37,153,162

10520

DATA0,000,000,000,000,048,048,120

11020

DATA

31,185,163,151,41,15,201

11022

DATA

8,208,10,169,7,153,163

11024

DATA

151,169,37,153,163,31,189

11026

DATA

162,151,41,15,201,7,208

10460

+CO,13:POKE8083,39:POKE8104+CO,13:P

11000

OKEB104,47

: rem

:rem 223 srem 10530

129

10540

irem

srem

DATA255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255

irem 39 DATA85,086,090,090,106,106,170,154

srem :rem

252 177 104

122

srem 121 srem 30 irem

:rem 167 irem 85 irem

irem 229

244

10550

DATA85,149,165,101,169,169,170, 170 irem

242

srem

123

10560

DATA85,85,85,85,85,85,85,85:rem

178

11028

DATA

10570

DATA24,060,126,255,255,255,255,189 irem 242

10,169,8,157,162,151,169 :rem

196

11030

DATA

33,157,162,31,189,163,151

237

11032

DATA128,192,2 38,255,255,255,254,252

11034

DATA DATA

10580

DATA24.061,127,255,255,255,255,127

irem

10590

10600

:rem 41

DATA24,024,024,024,024,024,060,126

11036

trem 234 41,15,201,7,208,10,169 :rem 73 8,157,163,151,169,34,157 srem 197 DATA 163,31,142,177,3,96,256:rem 144

12000

1=4096

DATA120,252,252,252,252,120,120,48

12002

READ

A:IF

12004 12006

POKE

I,AiI=I+l:GOTO

DATA

174,80,16,172,81,16,232

10630

irem 207 DATA0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 jrem 103 DATA170,170,170,106,102,090,090,090

12008 12010

DATA DATA

10640

DATA170,170,154,169,169,165,165,165

jrem 135 224,21,208,2,162,0,224 irem 69 255,208,2,162,20,169,32 :rem 126

12012

DATA

153,44,30,153,45,30,153

10650

DATA0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 irem 106 DATA153,090,060,060,060,024,000,000 srem 245

12014 12016

DATA

66,30,153,67,30,169,1

DATA

157,44,150,157,45,150,157

:rem 10610

10620

200

srem :rem

10660

A=256

THEN

RETURN

12002

:rem

irem

122

srem irem

COMPUTED Gazette

169

35 240

August 1984

155

12018

DATA 66,150,157,67,150,169,42 :rem

198

Error Trapping

:rem

140

(Article on page 113.)

frem

142

12020 DATA 157,44,30,169,43,157,45 12022

DATA 30,169,51,157,66,30,169

12024 DATA 52,157,67,30,142,80,16 12026 DATA 142,81,16,96,256

:rem 85 :rem 56

13000

1=4190

srem

13002

READ A:IF A=256

THEN RETURN 13002

:rem 70

13004

POKE

I,A:I=I+1:GOTO

13006

DATA

174,209,16,138,168,173,208

:rem :rem

171 42

13008 13010

DATA DATA

16,201,1,240,8,48,3 :rem 16,3,96,202,202,232,224

182

:rem

119

13012 13014

DATA DATA

22,208,2,162,0,224,255 :rem 208,2,162,21,169,32,185

13016 13018

:rem 134 DATA 44,30,201,42,234,240,9 :rem 73 DATA 201,43,240,5,169,32,153:rem 130

13020

DATA

44,30,185,66,30,201,51

:rem

13022

DATA

240,9,201,52,240,5,169

:rem 7B irem 86

13024

DATA

32,153,66,30,189,44,30

13026

DATA

201,42,240,14,201,43,240

13028

DATA

10,169,2,157,44,150,169 :rem 142

: reir.

13030

DATA

41,157,44,30,189,66,30

13032

DATA

201,51,240,14,201,52,240

:rem

13034

DATA

10,169,4,157,66,150,169

13036

DATA

50,157,66,30,142,209,16

:rem trem

13038

DATA

14000

1=4336

14002

READ

162

87 159 145

:rem 137 :rem 81

96,256

BEFORE TYPING... Before typing in programs, please refer to "How To Type COMPUTERS Gazette Programs," "A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and "The Automatic Proofreader" that appear before the Program Listings.

Program 1: Error Trapping—VIC Version 200

REM

210

PRINT:PRINT"ERROR

ERROR GET

TRAP

LINE

ROUTINE

AND

:rem

DETECTED"

220

REM

230

GOSUB4000

MESSAGE

240

PRINTERS:PRINT"ERROR

250

END

:rem :rem :rem

93 247 88 217

LINE"LN

:rem

202

:rem

110

3000

DATA

169,58,141,0,3,169,196,141,1,3,

165,58,141,123

rem

3010

DATA

141,122

3020

DATA

3,201,255,240,39,165,57

,3,142,121,3,160

rem

142 217

0,185,124,3,153,0,2,240,3,200,2

08,245,162,255

irem

115

3030

DATA 160,1,76,134,196,169,60,141,0,3 ,169,3,141,1 :rem 34

3040

DATA

3050

RESTORE!F0RAD=828TO888:READVA:POKEAD

3060

T$="GOTO"+STR$(ET)+CHR$(0)

3,96,108,0,3

,VA:NEXTAD

:rem

:rem 218

:rem

srem

3070

FORAD=1TOLEN(T$):POKE891+AD,ASC(MID$

I,A:I=I+1:GOTO 14002 :rem 173 169,88,133,251,133,253,169 :rem 45 30,133,252,169,150,133,254

3080 4000

SYS875:RETURN irem 136 EN=PEEK{889):EA=PEEK{49958+2*EN)+256

4010

*PEEK(49959+2*EN)sER$="" :rem 95 ER$=ERS+CHR$(PEEK(EA)AND127);IFPEEK{

14010

DATA

4020

14012 14014 14016

:rem 132 DATA 32,141,1,18,169,6,141 :rem 27 DATA 2,18,172,0,18,145,253 :rem 30 DATA 169,55,145,251,96,234,234

14004 POKE 14006 DATA 14008

DATA

AilF

A=256

THEN

RETURN

:rem

14018

DATA

14020

DATA 0,18,173,2,18,145,253

14022

DATA

173,1,18,145,251,165,251

14024

DATA

24,105,22,133,251,165,252

14026

DATA

105,0,133,252,165,253,24

14028

DATA

:rem

srem

:rem :rem

14034

DATA DATA

141,1,18,169,0,145,253

;rem

14040 DATA

169,55,145,251,96,177,253

14042

141,2,18,177,251,141,1

:rem

14044 156

225 177

DATA

131

177,253,141,2,18,177,251 srem

14038

182

105,22,133,253,165,254,105 :rem 25 DATA 0,133,254,177,251,201,38 :rem 177 DATA 240,31,201,39,240,27,201 irem 167 DATA 47,240,23,201,48,240,19 irem

14036

251

234,234,234,234,234,234,172

:rem

14032

EA)<128THENEA=EA+1:GOTO4010

173,209,16,141,0,18,169

:rem

14030

(T$,AD,1)):NEXTAD

18,96,256

COMPUTE'S Guzotta

August 1984

193

irem

228

209

irem

LN=PEEK(890)+256*PEEK(891):RETURN srem 216

Program 2: Error Trapping—64 Version 200 210 220 230 240

REM ERROR TRAP ROUTINE srem 93 REM GET LINE AND MESSAGE :rem 87 GOSUB4000 srem 216 PRINT:PRINT"ERROR DETECTED" :rem 249 PRINTERS:PRINT"ERROR AT LINE"LN

250

END

3000

DATA

:rem

202

:rem

110

169,139,141,0,3,169,227,141,1;3

,165,58,141,123

: rem

18'5

3010

DATA 3,201,255,240,39,165,57,141,122 ,3,142,121,3,160 :rem 217

3020

DATA

0,185,124,3,153,0,2,240,3,200,2

08,245,162,255

:rem

115

3030

DATA

,169,3,141,1

:rem

3040

DATA 3,96,108,0,3

:rem 47

3050

RESTORE:F0RAD=828T0888:READVA:POKEAD

3060 3070

.VAsNEXTAD :rem 88 TS="GOTO"+STR${ET)+CHR$(0) :rem 218 FORAD=1TOLEN(TS):POKE891+AD,ASC(MID? (T$,AD,1)):NEXTAD

srem

3080

SYS875:RETURN

:rem 136

255

irem 76

trem

4000

160,1,76,134,164,169,60,141,0,3

EN=PEEK(889)sIFEN>127THENEND:rem

209 237

4005

EA=PEEK(41766+2*EN)+256*PEEK{41767+2

4010

ER$=ER$+CHR${PEEK(EA)AND127):IFPEEK(

*EN):ER$=""

:rem 37

EA)<128THENEA=EA+1:GOTO4010

4020

:rem

COMPUTERS Gazette Subscriber Services

LN=PEEK(890)+256*PEEK(891)!RETURN :rem

Please help us serve you better. If you need to contact

216

us for any of the reasons listed below, write to us at; COMPUTEI's Gazette P.O. Box 961 Farmingdale, NY 11737

Program 3:

Error Trapping—Demonstration Program 10

REM ON ERROR GOTO

200

:rem

FORI = 10TO0STEP-l: PRINT" l/111 "=="1/1: NEXT

20 ET=200:GOSUB3050 30 REM GENERATE AN ERROR

or call the Toll Free number listed below.

Change of Address. Please allow us 6-8 weeks to

:rem 76 :rem 171

irem

END

:rem

effect the change; send your current mailing label along with your new address.

Renewal. Should you wish to renew your Gazette subscription before we remind you to, send your cur rent mailing label with payment or chorge number or call the Toll Free number listed below. New Subscription. A one-year (12-month) U.S. subscription to COMPUTE!'* Gazette is S24 (2 years,

BEFORE TYPING...

S45; 3 years, 565. For subscription rates outside the

Before typing in programs, please refer to "How To Type COMPUTERS Gazette Programs," "A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and 'The Automatic Proofreader" that appear before

U.S., see staff page). Send us your name and address or call the Toll Free number listed below. Delivery Problems. If you receive duplicate issues of COMPUTER'S Gazette, if you experience late de livery, or if you hove problems with your subscription,

the Program Listings.

pleose call the Toll Free number listed below.

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Box 4876

InOf

SVy Wa(WvKK.A...i Flight Sim II [{m-aw

$59.95

Air TraHic Comroiier

$24" $26*' $17" 19" N/A $47" $29" $29." N/A $19."

Runway [C

interaction, Retail

Disk $31"

COD ORDER PHONE WE SHIP WITHIN ■■» HOURS

3417 RogerChaffee Blvd.

Grand Hapids. MI 49508

(616)345-5061 VISA and M/C accepted Dealer inquiries invile d

(312) 577-5154

/*O

SU51E

874A E. N.W Highway

S■^SOFTWARE

Ml. Prospect. IL 60056

KEEP THE DUST OFF & PUT THE ELEGANCE ON WITH GENUINE LEATHER DUST COVERS Enjoy ihe look of soft elegance, alone

with durability that only real leather can

your COMMODORE (ji

ADVANCED MICROWARF, Introduce;

offer. Oon't settle for less lhan the best. Odor singly or as a matched set, custom

CASINO PAC

fitted to your Commodore computer).

Includes:

ORDER TODAY QTY.

AMT. Computer Couer/14.95_ . 1541 Disk Cover/13.95 Dataset Cover/9.95

TOTALS

d Chsck or Money Order enclosed. □ Visa; d Mastercard Exp. Date Card No.

Name Address

City

St./Zip. S&SENTERPRISES P.O. BOX 111 HOT SPR INGS, S.D. 57747 Dealer Inauiries Invitsd

HACIIIKE

•

BLACKJACK for only

■

POKEB

•

KENO

(39

Each program Is a graphic

Sorre Lhina jicw 1 ram Wo raftoJ r Sol t«a re — A wortd of enigmatic ■ItriKtl, diSEU-Dmg VIIDMI

peculiar

knowlwdgo whicli may lirJiif you EQ Ehp Crimson AlW ind its finel oocrtr

Te.t aQventure on Oi^i let thr Cixnn'onare 6d J15 olu

SLOT

All

vlw Ep U touu me*n[)i"v morft fltliciOfHIy It you >ppr«dt4 . if vuu flave o Usxe tor Lne biznfit*, then w the actiwlv at Our Sgn of Ihe

Signature SHIP TO:

El shipping Cahi riDdBlU

WEREWOLF SOFTWARE 1D9 Mmnn Street

Suite 353

Son Francisco. CA 94105

of their respective

Venus

simulation

video gaming

nachlne. These are colorful and exciting game* you will enjoy over and over.

Practice your "ayaten" or

Just

play for fun. Alia available: 6ATOUK Thin tft a Tour and demo of the meny features of your 64 Including a version of BASIC with new graphic! commands. Only

(15

Send

Check or Monty Order to: ADVANCED MICROWARE

F.O.

BOX 6143

SANTA ANA, CA.

Dept.

'J27O&

iy DISK or TAPE, CA. Dealer Inquiries

Invited

CG-4G

otdan-add t>%

For your VIC-20: •GORTEK and the MICROCHIPS (tape) •DEMON ATTACK (cart.) S9 ea. or $17 for both MC/VISA orders call toll-free

1-800-282-0333 shipping. (Personal check 2 wks.) Add $2 per order postage,

"THE REUNION"9

COVER

• CUSTOM MADE TO

• HEAVY 32 oi VINYL

FIT

(Brings the Commodore family togelder again)

"THE REUNION" simulianBouEly interfaces your "VIC

• ANTI-STATIC • SOFT LINED

■ CHOICE of COIOR, TAN st BROWN

Covers for:

VIC10/C-&4 C-1541 D/DRIVE

70° B.OO

C-1513 PRINTER DATASETTE (N»»)

10.00 5.00

DATASETIE (Old)

or senct certified check or M O for same day

VIC 20/C6<1

PROTECT YOUR EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT FROM DUST, LIQUIDS WITH A CROWN PROTECTIVE

GEMINI 10/10X PRINTER GEMINI 15/15X PRINTER EPSON MX80 PRINTER

300

...11.00 Tt.00

20 anO "C/64 (including 'DaiassHe. modem. 8te)to your Commodore disk drive and/or printer providing 2 compular Byslem». Use eIchor insranily.

■Simply selecr'VIC 20" or "C-64" on "THE REUN ION", and your digk drive and/or printer la Insfanlly con nected to lha Selected Computer. SAVE and LOAD VIC 20 and C/64 programs on same disk. Ends switching disks, cadi as. and wear. Plug-in in stallation, i year warranty.

11.00

EPSON MXIO0 PRINTER APPLE II" KEYBOARD

14.00 7.00

Order by itaring nomt end model of equipment for cover deiired,

•-

EBHj?

Gil Cypress Dr. Fairbom, OH 45324

We carry full Commodore line. Write for our catalog.

Choi™ of

color:

TAN

BROWN.

Enclose checlt or M.O. 1 ~0 iMpping. Calif. Rei. Includs 6.5'// Stalo Tax. COVERS NOT NAMED ABOVE WILL BE FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECS. SEND VOUR REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW PRICE QUOTES.

CROWN CUSTOM COVERS Mai SHELLYFIELD RD.. DOWNEY, CA 90240

Send $29.95 (U.S S.CheckorM.O. plus $2.00 snipping Canadian: $4.00). FL res. add 5% tan to:

HyTBCtl P.O. Box 466 Bay Pines, FL 33S04 ■Reg T.M. ot Commodore Bus. Mach. OKyTech

FAMILY TREE

ATTENTION C-64 DISK USERS

ANEW COMPUTER SOFTWARE PACKAGE

TO HELP THE AMATEUR AND PROFES

ORGANIZE NOW!

SIONAL GENEALOGIST USE THE COM MODORE 64 OR VIC AS A DYNAMIC SYSTEM TO CONTROL DATA ON THE

WITH THE

FAMILY TREE.

MASTER-DIRECTORY SUPPORT SYSTEM

With MDSSrou can organize your aiskfiiesonto 1 master df* MaintainscaM master-directories

of your fil« categorized Dv rjusire«. education,

• SEARCH FUNCTIONS

recreation or any ottw category you cnco=e

Print single or muitioie copies of master-

Supports 1 or 2

directory listings, disk iatket indexes or individual OisklaoelsUDSS can locateyCHjr'iosfaisk Files

Time required 25 minutes.

MOSS ■stulivmenuanuenana very user-frierwiv includes an easy to follow instruction manual ReauiresC-6Janrji5a0or iwioiskarue Printer optional

Send checK or money order for >16 95IO:

SUNSHINE SOFTWARE

• PRODUCES PEDIGREE CHARTS • OUTPUT TO SCREEN OR PRINTER • COMPLETE MANUAL

1541 drives.

BY HELPING YOU TO ORGANIZE YOUR FAMILY TREE IT WILL AID VOU IN DETER MINING THE AREAS OF YOUR RESEARCH

Easy to use menu driven.

Available now—updates included. Ditto provided on unprotected disk

PRICE S39.95 US — S49.95 CANADIAN (MICHIGAN 8 ONTARIO RESIDENCE ADD TAX]

ORDERS 800-762-5645

GENEALOGY SOFTWARE PHONE519-344-3990 P.O. BOX 1151 PORT HURON, MICHIGAN 48061 1046PARKWOODAVE

13646 Jeflerson Davis Highway

MOHICAN RESIDENTS ADD <« SALES TAX

SARNIA. ONTARIO N7V 3T9

Woodbridrje, VA 22191

COMMODORE -USER WBITTES SOFr

C-64™ & VIC-201

ELECTRONICS

Supponina all COMMOOOHE compmort

SUPER TYPEWRITER The mini word processor you've wanted . . .

\".'[!!:■■■. by uaafs. For users

■

CtiangeoDia i^n-e w*ivi up 10 30 ciorocf&rs

Automate rnafgm seeing

■

AufDmaTfCOlly centers wcN cortt-onol cop/

* *

Upper ana Lo*«f letters HO miye broken wwos H^m u^e Gl iiurorrujfic return

Circuit Design and Analysis

• GAMES * UTILITIES * EDUCATIONAL *

VIC 80"

Vit 20 collections - I

FEATURES:

;

TETI

oye'70iirmi^mspercolieci'[in. Tac'Di^k- SI 0 Oil Vil 20 tallcilioii ■ 7 8 9 svtrSD pngrami pti cqliicBDn- Tipi/Dwt -StO 00

Two

((■IMtHIOill 64 cnllectioru ■!. 2, 3 4 5 6. '. B ovur 15 lirugrjms pit COilBClHJJl - To0*'DI>k . %\O CK1

r occessfiie tot teaming

i Slmpe to

Super Typewriter

jiLd

12.95

CIh-cK H«.ktr r

19.95

Bbck il^

9-95

Prograir

Wcrki on ViC 20 or CorranDflQie 64 - ib 00

er.

t\bles

LunAnilyw

9.95

Some VIC-20 Programs r'lay rieed memory e>pnnsiori

POORHAUS SOFTWARE PO. Box 10732, Yakima. WA 98909 (509} 966-3461 SPECIFY !APf 01! DSK

MC VSS AND CHECKS ACCEPTED

Inamln $?0 0 All pricaa mcludo Ihiptiino »"d handlina CMECX MONET OBOEHS For A fric dialog VVjiir

I'ublic Domain, Inc.

5O7S S Rangehr.e Rfl

w Minon Oh 4^8

10(10 sm ■ 5 00 Bin EST- Won thru f.i (5131 698-5636 si 1513,339 1725

Wire

Caugr.

Standaid

Entistor

Value ! olutiof-s A marc...

CIPCL'IT DISIGh PAClJi;E...J10.« (# nisi n* t«f umoraiE m tkh:

Slalul

VISA and MASTEHCAHD ■ccspiad

frr-

LiESICN

DLVSET": Retct Siwleli

S24.95

Hvnr fciventory

Ifie

plm&r rr.poiup of »l*opl ary (!r-

coca.

I'ET' /CBM1

fallow BistfuctlCTis wm\n programs

Cleans buair Mir wni.D iumi

3 T'SCIJGE iBOUMSl pr«taB> la unal)1*^

pov rclul

nfiBuratLai "1 BrklbtorAp rjipicliDrUp ■ . Op-lnps. tl!T'» •« UPS Trimm

22 cQliecticn!, ■ Tsns Out ■ S1OQO

Ear? re

us Progra Al Pootfiau g g i

• PRODUCES FAMILY GROUP SHEETS

,"■ CARDINAL SOFTWARE

PD BO* 831 DEARBORN, MICHIGAN 48120

• EASY EDITING AND UPDATING

Copies 99% of currently available Commodore 64 disks.

IOO!

FEATURES: • 664 NAMES PER DATA DISK • FULLY INDEXED

=»Nth DIGITc^^^r SOLUTIONS

3243 Arlinglon "

- 'i . IV.

T^p^^''

RlveiBiau.CA 92500

1 NAMK

I o-nEss 1

CITY

1 STAIE

ZIP

. CALIFORNIA RE5IDENT5 ADD 6 PER C£NT SALES T*i<

COMPUTE'.'* Gazelle

August 1984

159

ADVERTISERS INDEX

Reader Service Number/ Advertiser Pago

Reader Service Number/Advertiser Page

102 Abby's 159 103 Academy Software , 16 104 Access Software Incorporated 71 Advanced Microware 158 Altcom, Inc 83 105 Artificial Intelligence Research Group

Genealogy Software Genesis Computer Corporation 124 GOSUB of Slideil, Inc Handic Software Inc

158

106 Avaion Hill Game Company 107 B & B Microlabs

7 97

10S Batteries Included 109 110 111 112

Batteries Included Bear Technologies Bible Research Systems Big Bytes Brantford Educational Services ...

113 Broadway Computer Corporation

114 Bytes S 115 Cardco, Cardinal Cardinal

Pieces, tnc Inc Software Software

Carpenter's Creative Designs .... Century Micro Products Cheatsheet Products The CHF Company CMS Software

116

117 118

119

Commodore Computers CompuServe ComputAbility Computer Mail Order Computer Place Continental Software Covox Inc Creative Software Creative Software Crown Custom Covers C.S.M. Software Datasoft, Inc Dazco

120 121 122 123

Dennison Diversified Manufacturing Dow Jones News/Hetrieval Eastern House Eastern House Educomp

Electronic Arts

127

117 IBC 97 159

158 114 157 110 158

Jason-Ranheim

John Henry Software Kiwisoft Programs 12B Limbic Systems Inc 129 Lynn Computer Services 130 MFJ Enterprises Incorporated

131 Microlog Corporation

132 133 134 135

Micro Ware Mirage Concepts, Inc MSD Systems, Inc M-W Dist. Inc Nth Digit Solutions

136 Orange Micro Inc

137 Orbyte Software

Parallel Systems

144 Protecto Enterprizes

105

159

79 81

125

123 112 121 77 .... 44 101

105 15 26,27 123 159

Official Olympic Guide to Los Angeles

57 112 95 40 110

123

August 1984

127 Jameco Electronics

138 Parker Brothers

114

159 121 115 61

126 Innovative Organizers

BC IFC 103 75 125 33 157 4 49 159 125 2.3

French Silk

COMPUTE!'* Gazello

63 158 97 112 109

Epyx

160

HyTech

125 Indus-Tool

Parker Brothers

139 Parsec Research

140 PB Systems

141 PC Gallery Penguin Products

Poorhaus Software

Practicorp International, Inc 142 Precision Software, Inc Prentice-Hall 143 Professional Software, Inc Pro-Line Software

Protecto Enterprizes

Protecto Enterprizes 145 Public Domain, Inc Quicksilva Inc

146 Reader's Digest Services, Inc 147 Reader's Digest Services, Inc Scarborough Systems

Scholastic Wizware

39 25

35 78

Reader Service Number/Advertiser Pago SM Software Inc SM Software Inc 148 Smart Software Ltd Softlaw

Software Discounters of America Software Plus S & S Enterprises Spinnaker

Spinnaker

149 Starpoint Software 130 subLOGIC Corporation 151 Such A Deal

Sunshine Software Susie Software 152 Synapse Syntonic Corp

153 Timeworks, Inc 3G Company, Inc 154 Toll Software, Inc 155 Tussey Mt. Software Ultrabyte Ultrabyte Werewolf Software York 10

111 111 79 99

128

119 158 19 21

22 51

128

159 158 125 114

37 119 101 97 83 123 158 93

42 42

43 79

112 77 109 159

67 1 23 9 45

86,87

88,89 159 59

29 31 11

COMPUTERS GAZETTE DISK COMPUTB's GAZETTE Subscriber

Services COMPUTEI's GAZETTE Subscription

157 65

"The Complete CARDCO Une" ...and still growing! CARDCO provides "Commodore-ready"

Wheel Design (11 inch carriage). "Commodore-

computer accessories that will enhance your

utilization of Commodore-64 and VIC-20 Computers increase their capability, and add to your enjoyment' and skill. AND, they're available for use with other

personal computers, too.

Designed with the user In mind, CARDCO offers fine

accessories Including Printer Interfaces with and

without graphics, Expansion Interfaces, Memory Expansions, Cassette Interfaces, Numeric Keypads PLUS "NOW" Software for your VIC-20 and C-64. These programs Include the "WRITE NOW" Word Processor, "MAIL NOW" Mailing List, PRINTER UTfUTY

ready" ... plus; with compatible input for PC, PCjr.,

TRS-80 and many more personal computers CARDCO's NEW "DATA CASSFTTE RECORDER/PLAYER"

is also "Commodore-ready" and ready for instant shipment at prices that will amaze you.

CARDCO will constantly increase its line with unique and new products to enhance the enjoyment of computer owners.

Write for Illustrated literature and prices or see

CARDCO Computer Accessories and Software

wherever Computers are sold.

Checker, "GRAPH NOW Including "PAINT NOW and "FILE NOW".

CARDCO has three new Letter Quality PRINTERS with your choice of drumhead

design (81/2"carriage).DalsyWheei Design (13 inch carriage) and Daisy

300 S. Topeka

cardco, inc.

Wichita, Kansas 67202

(316) 267-6525

"The world's largest manufacturer ot Commodore accessories."

Commodore Software-

The Best Game in Town.

OfflKfiE

i M 1

-t, ;,,mni io,.;

.. .Take on the world, toughen up your trigger finger and fire away... Commodore is the best computer

value in town... al home, al school and at work.. wilh our exciting, easy to use. inexpensive VIC 20 and C64 computers.

We're fast becoming the best game

in town when it comes to entertainment for the whole family... and at afford

best of Bally Midway arcade games.

Our Kickman, (which just received a coveted "Electronic Games" award for an arcade translation)

lets you sleer the unicycle to catch the falling objects, as they fall quicker and quicker!!

Gorf, Lazarian, and Omega Race

able prices.

give you the best in classic space

THE BEST ARCADE IN TOWN can be in your own home with our

the droids or the evil Empire.

exciting, faithful reproductions of the

action against the one-eyed leviathon. In The Wizard of Woryou attempt

to defeat the Wizard and the Warriors, fighting your way through to the end.

With the new Commodore "MAGIC VOICE". -. It talks back to you loo!!

You commandeer tho fleet at sea wilh our version of Seawolf.and become the

master tactician as you battle "it out" with enemy fleet.

Clowns and Blueprint round out our arcade entertainment package to

keep your fingers nimble and your mind in gear.

Cs commodore your iocal d