Skip to main content

Diseases of Proteaceae

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Disease Management ((HPDM))

Abstract

The Proteaceae are a southern hemisphere family of plants found predominantly in southern Africa and Australia. Included in the family are Protea, Leucospermum, and Leucodendron from southern Africa and Banksia, Telopea, and Grevillea from Australia all of which are important cut flower crops. All of these genera are susceptible to a range of diseases, especially root rot diseases caused by Phytophthora, Armillaria, and Fusarium which can limit production and leaf spot diseases which both limit production and impair the aesthetics of the cut flower. Management of these diseases is complex and includes chemical, biological, cultural, and physical control, as well as host resistance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Barker NP, Weston PH, Rutschmann F, Sauguet H (2007) Molecular dating of the ‘Gondwanan’ plant family Proteaceae is only partially congruent with the timing of the break-up of Gondwana. J Biogeogr 34:2012–2027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benic LM, Knox-Davies PS (1983) Scab of Leucospermum cordifolium and other Proteaceae, caused by an Elsinoë sp. Phytophylactica 15:95–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess TI, White D, McDougall KM, Garnasc J, Dunstan WA, Catala S, Carnegie AJ, Worboys S, Cahill D, Vettraino A-M, Stukely MJC, Liew ECY, Paap T, BoseC T, MiglioriniC D, Williams B, Brigg F, Crane C, Rudman T, GESJ H (2017) Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia. Pac Conserv Biol 23:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW (2002) Taxonomy and pathology of Cylindrocladium (Calonectria) and allied genera. APS Press, Saint Paul

    Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Summerell BA, Taylor JE, Bullock S (2000) Fungi occurring on Proteaceae in Australia: selected foliicolous species. Australas Plant Pathol 29:267–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Rheeder J, Marasas WFO, Philips AJL, Alves A, Burgess T, Barber P, Groenewald JZ (2006) Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Stud Mycol 55:235–253

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Summerell BA, Mostert L, Groenewald JZ (2008) Host specificity and speciation of Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria species associated with leaf spots of Proteaceae. Persoonia 20:59–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Summerell BA, Carnegie AJ, Wingfield MJ, Hunter GC, Burgess TI, Andjic V, Barber PA, Groenewald JZ (2009) Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera? Persoonia 23:99–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Denman S, Taylor JE, Swart L, Bezuidenhout C, Hoffman L, Palm ME,Groenewald JZ (2013) Cultivation and diseases of Proteaceae: Leucadendron, Leucospermum and Protea, 2nd edn. CBS Biodiversity Series, Vol 2. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, pp 1–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Daughtrey ML, Wick RL, Peterson JL (2000) Botrytis blight of flowering potted plants. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2000-0605-01-HM

    Google Scholar 

  • Denman S, Crous PW, Groenewald JG, Slippers B, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ (2003) Circumscription of Botryosphaeria species associated with Proteaceae based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Mycologia 95:294–307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denman S, Crous PW, Sadie A, Wingfield MJ (2004) Evaluation of fungicides for the control of Botryosphaeria protearum on Protea magnifica in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Australas Plant Pathol 33:97–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis MB, Waller JM (1974) Sclerotinia fuckeliana. CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria no. 431. CAB International, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Espino AI, Guzman MN, Carrascosa F (2011) Enfermedades fúngicas de proteas en Canarias. Granja. Revista Agropecuaria, Cabildo de Gran Canaria No. 18. http://anuariosatlanticos.casadecolon.com/index.php/GRANJA/article/view/9826

  • Forsberg L (1993) Protea diseases and their control. Queensland Government, Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenhalgh FC (1981) Diseases of Proteaceous plants. In: Mathews P (ed) The growing and marketing of proteas: 30–39. Report of the first international conference of protea growers, Melbourne, 4–8 October

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewett T, Jarvis W (2001) Management of the greenhouse microclimate in relation to disease control: a review. Agronomie 21:351–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knox-Davies PS, van Wyk PS, Marasas WFO (1987) Diseases of Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron recorded in South Africa. Phytophylactica 19:327–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombard L, Bezuidenhout CM, Crous PW (2013) Ilyonectria black foot rot associated with Proteaceae. Australas Plant Pathol 42:337–349. doi:10.1007/s13313-012-0188-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lubbe CM, Denman S, Lamprecht SC, Crous PW (2006) Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species to Protea cultivars. Australas Plant Pathol 35:37–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez Granja E, Reyes Benitez S, Sanjuanello D. (2014) Effect of antagonists and plant extracts in the control of Protea Wilt (F. oxysporum). Am J Plant Sci 05(21):9 pp. Article ID: 50856. doi:10.4236/ajps.2014.521336

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostert L, Kang JC, Crous PW, Denman S (2001) Phomopsis saccharata sp. nov., causing a canker and die-back disease of Protea repens in South Africa. Sydowia 53:227–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Moura MF, Rodrigues PF (2001) Fungal diseases on proteas identified in Madeira Island. Acta Hortic 545:265–268. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.545.34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raabe RD, Hürlimann JH (1972) Control of Pythium root rot in carnations. Calif Agric 26:4–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson GI (1973) Occurrence of Pythium spp. in New Zealand soils, sands, pumices, and peat, and on roots of container-grown plants. N Z J Agric Res 16:357–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rebelo T (2001) SASOL proteas: a field guide to the proteas of southern Africa. Fernwood Press, Vlaeberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Summerell BA, Burgess LW, Nixons PG (1990) Crown and stem canker of waratah caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans. Australas Plant Pathol 19:13–15. doi:10.1071/APP9900013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Summerell BA, Leslie JF, Liew ECY, Laurence MH, Bullock S, Petrovic T, Bentley AR, Howard CG, Peterson SA, Walsh JL, Burgess LW (2011) Fusarium species associated with plants in Australia. Fungal Divers 46:1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart L, Denman S (2000) Chemical control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in potted Leucospermum plants. Australas Plant Pathol 29:230–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart L, Denman S, Lamprecht SC, Crouse PW (1999a) Fusarium wilt: a new disease of cultivated Protea in southern Africa. Australas Plant Pathol 28:156–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart L, Taylor JE, Crous PW, Percival K (1999b) Pestalotiopsis leaf spot disease of Proteaceae in Zimbabwe. S Afr J Bot 65:239–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart L, Crous PW, Petrini O, Taylor JE (2000) Fungal endophytes of Proteaceae, with particular emphasis on Botryosphaeria proteae. Mycoscience 41:123–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart L, Crous PW, Kang J-C, Mchau GRA, Pascoe IA, Palm ME (2001) Differentiation of species of Elsinoë associated with scab disease of Proteaceae based on morphology, symptomatology, and ITS sequence phylogeny. Mycologia 93:365–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JE, Crous PW (2000) Fungi occurring on Proteaceae. New anamorphs for Teratosphaeria, Mycosphaerella and Lembosia, and other fungi associated with leaf spots and cankers of Proteaceous hosts. Mycol Res 104:618–636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JE, Crous PW, Palm ME (2001a) Foliar and stem fungal pathogens of Proteaceae in Hawaii. Mycotaxon 78:449–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JE, Crous PW, Swart L (2001b) Foliicolous and caulicolous fungi associated with Proteaceae cultivated in California. Mycotaxon 78:75–103

    Google Scholar 

  • von Broembsen SL, van der Merwe JA (1990) Canker and die-back of cut-flower proteas caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea: epidemiology and control. Acta Hortic 264:133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weston PH, Barker NP (2006) A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera. Telopea 11:314–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wieczorek AM, Wright MG (2003) PCR detection of phytoplasma from witches’ broom disease on Protea spp. (Proteaceae) and associated arthropods. Acta Hortic 602:161–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wimalajeewa DLS, Hayward AC, Greenhalgh FC (1983) A bacterial leaf spot of (King protea). Ann Appl Biol 102(2):339–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yunis H, Elad Y (1989) Survival of Botrytis cinerea in plant debris during summer in Israel. Phytoparasitica 17:13–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brett A. Summerell .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Australia

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Summerell, B.A. (2018). Diseases of Proteaceae. In: McGovern, R., Elmer, W. (eds) Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases. Handbook of Plant Disease Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39670-5_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics