Abstract
This study documents the Mazahua ecological knowledge of plants, their nomenclature and classification, and their role in subsistence of people in a village of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. We registered 213 useful plant species within the territory studied. Prunus serotina, Rubus liebmannii, and Crataegus mexicana were the main species providing wild fruits gathered by the Mazahua people, whereas Brassica campestris, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, Chenopodium berlandieri, and Amaranthus hybridus were the principal non-crop greens locally consumed. Extraction of medicinal plants is low but gathering of flowers of Ternstroemia spp. involves practices that endanger local populations of these plants. All households of the village make use of fuelwood, mainly of pine and oak species; in addition, they practice livestock, mostly extensive free raising of cows and sheep, but commonly people gather some wild and weedy plants for feeding their animals.
References
Balick MJ, Mendelsohn R. Assessing the economic value of traditional medicines from tropical rain forests. Conserv Biol. 1992;6:128–30.
Berlin B. Ethnobiological classification. Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies. Princeton Legacy Library: Princeton University Press; 1992. p. 354.
Blancas J, Casas A, Rangel-Landa S, Moreno-Calles A, Torres I, Pérez-Negrón E, et al. Plant management in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, México. J Econ Bot. 2010;64(4):287–302.
Bray D, Merino-Pérez L, Negreros-Castillo P, Segura-Warnholtz G, Torres-Rojo J, Vester H. Mexico’s community-managed forests as a global model for sustainable landscapes. J Conserv Boil. 2003;17(3):672–7.
Caballero J, Mapes C. Gathering and subsistence patterns among the P’urhepecha Indians of Mexico. J Ethnobiol. 1985;5:31–47.
Caballero J, Casas A, Cortes L, Mapes C. Patrones en el conocimiento, uso y manejo de plantas en pueblos indígenas de México. Revista de Estudios Atacameños. 1998;16:181–95.
Casas A, Viveros JL, Caballero J. Etnobotánica mixteca: Sociedad, cultura y recursos naturales en la Montaña de Guerrero. México: Consejo Nacional Para la Cultura y las Artes: Instituto Nacional Indigenista; 1994.
Casas A, Camou A, Rangel-Landa S, Solís L, Torres I, Delgado-Lemus A, Moreno-Calles AI, Vallejo M, Guillén S, Blancas J, Parra F, Aguirre X, Farfán-Heredia B, Arellanes Y, Pérez-Negrón E. Manejo tradicional de biodiversidad y ecosistemas en Mesoamérica: El Valle de Tehuacán. J Inv Amb Cien Pol Públ. 2014;6(2):23–44.
Champo-Jiménez O, Valderrama-Landeros L, España-Boquera ML. Pérdida de cobertura forestal en la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, Michoacán, México (2006–2010). Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente. 2012;18(2):143–57.
Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP). Programa de manejo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, México. Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. 2001.
Cornejo-Tenorio G, Casas A, Farfán-Heredia B, Villaseñor JL, Ibarra-Manríquez G. Flora y vegetación de las zonas núcleo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, México. J Bol Soc Bot México. 2003;73:43–62.
Farfán B, Casas A, Ibarra G. Plant resources in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico: Mazahua ethnobotany and Peasant Subsistence. J Econ Bot. 2007;61(2):173–91.
Farfán-Heredia B, Casas A, Rangel-Landa S. Cultural, economic, and ecological factors influencing management of wild plants and mushrooms interchanged in Purépecha markets of Mexico. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2018a;14(1):68.
Farfán-Heredia B, Casas A, Moreno-Calles AI, García-Frapolli E, Castilleja A. Ethnoecology of the interchange of wild and weedy plants and mushrooms in Phurépecha markets of Mexico: economic motives of biotic resources management. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2018b;14(1):5.
Flachsenberg H, Galletti H. Forest management in Quintana Roo, Mexico. In: Timber tourists and temples: conservation and development in the Maya Forest of Belize Guatemala and Mexico. Washington, DC: Island Press; 1998. p. 47–60.
Forero E. Población y cultura en la etnorregión mazahua (jañtjo). México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; 1997.
Hopkins NA, Josserand JK. Estudios lingüísticos en lenguas otomangues. México: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; 1979.
INEGI. Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal. 2015.
López-García J. Análisis de cambio de la cobertura forestal en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca (2006–2007). México: Fondo para la Conservación de la Mariposa Monarca. WWF-FMCN; 2007.
Ramírez M, Miranda R, Zubieta R. Vegetación y cubiertas del suelo 2006 (1: 75000). Serie cartográfica Monarca. 2008.
Rangel-Landa S, Casas A, Rivera-Lozoya E, Torres-García I, Vallejo-Ramos M. Ixcatec ethnoecology: plant management and biocultural heritage in Oaxaca, Mexico. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2016;12:30.
Salas L. Causas directas del cambio en las cubiertas del suelo en la región Mariposa Monarca: un análisis multiescalar. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 2013.
Salick J, Mejía A, Anderson T. Non-timber forest products integrated with natural management, Río San Juan, Nicaragua. J Ecol Appl. 1995;5:878–95.
Salick J, Bien A, Martin G, Apin L, Beaman R. Whence useful plants? A direct relationship between biodiversity and useful plants among the Dusun of Mt. Kinabalu. J Biodivers Conserv. 1999;8:797–818.
Shanley P, Pierce AR, Laird SA, Guillén A. Explorando el mercado verde. Certificación y manejo de productos forestales no maderables. Uruguay: World Wildlife Fund/Nordan-Comunidad; 2002.
Toledo VM, Caballero J, Argueta A, Rojas P, Aguirre E, Viccon J. El uso múltiple de la selva basado en el conocimiento tradicional. Biótica. 1978;3(2):85–101.
Von Gadow K, Pukkala T, Tomé M, editors. Sustainable forest management. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. p. 368.
W. W. F. La tala ilegal y su impacto en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca. México: WWF; 2004.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Teconología (CONACYT, research project AS-1-14306), Mexico, the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA-PAPIIT, research project IN206520), UNAM, and the Comisión para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO, research project RG-023), Mexico.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix 1 Useful plants of the Mazahua village of Francisco Serrato. Habitats: 1 = ruderal; 2 = agricultural areas as weeds; 3 = agricultural area as crops; 4 = pine-oak forest; 5 = pine-oak-fir forest; 6 = riparian vegetation; 7 = shrub and grassland. Voucher specimens correspond to Farfán-Heredia collection numbers
Appendix 1 Useful plants of the Mazahua village of Francisco Serrato. Habitats: 1 = ruderal; 2 = agricultural areas as weeds; 3 = agricultural area as crops; 4 = pine-oak forest; 5 = pine-oak-fir forest; 6 = riparian vegetation; 7 = shrub and grassland. Voucher specimens correspond to Farfán-Heredia collection numbers
Plant family | Species | Habitat | Mazahua name | Use | Voucher |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pteridophyta | |||||
Aspleniaceae | Asplenium monanthes L. | 4, 5, 6 | ngüeí | Ornamental, medicinal | 9 |
Dryopteridaceae | Polystichum distans Fourn. | 2, 6 | ngüeí | Ornamental | 342 |
Polypodiaceae | Pleopeltis mexicana (Fée) Mickel & Beitel | 4, 5 | ngüeí | Ornamental | 169 |
Polypodium madrense J. Sm | 4 | ngüeí | Medicinal | 20,173 | |
Pteridaceae | Adiantum andicola Liebm. | 4, 5, 6 | ts’ibankjua | Medicinal | 8 |
Cheilanthes chaerophylla (M. Martens & Galeotti) Kunze | 4, 5 | ts’ingüeí tr’eje | Ornamental | 200 | |
Monilophyta | |||||
Equisetaceae | Equisetum sp. | 2, 6 | kox’y | Medicinal | 122 |
Coniferophyta Cupressaceae | Cupressus lusitanica Mill. | 3, 5 | zez’ojnu | Handcrafts, construction, fuelwood, ornamental | 108 |
Pinaceae | Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. | 5 | Construction, firewood | 349 | |
Pinus hartwegii Lindl. | 4, 5 | xivatí | Construction, firewood | 76 | |
Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. | 4 | xivatí | Construction, firewood | 198 | |
Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. | 4, 5 | xivatí | Construction, firewood, medicinal | 93 | |
Magnoliophyta | |||||
Magnoliopsida Amaranthaceae | Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | 6 | ts’inguitz’ ajna | Fodder | 71 |
Amaranthus hybridus L. | 2 | Food, fodder, medicinal | Photo record | ||
Apiaceae | Arracacia rigida J.M. Coult. & Rose | 4, 5 | z’apzantreje | Medicinal, fodder | 42 |
Eryngium columnare Hemsl | 5 | nrab’idyi | Fodder | 24 | |
Apocynaceae | Vinca major L. | 2 | Ornamental | 121 | |
Araliaceae | Oreopanax xalapensis (Kunth) Decne. & Planch. | 5 | Fodder | 357 | |
Asteraceae | Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni ex Pers. | 2, 4 | Fodder | 311 | |
Archibaccharis schiedeana (Benth.) J.D. Jacks. | 2, 4 | Fodder | 279 | ||
Archibaccharis hirtella (DC.) Heering | 2, 5 | Fodder | 316 | ||
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. | 2, 4 | j’mipzi | Medicinal | 127 | |
Baccharis conferta Kunth | 1, 5 | mb’axu | Fodder, handcrafts, fuelwood | 14 | |
Baccharis pteronioides DC. | 1, 2, 4 | mb’axu | Fuelwood, handcrafts | 111 | |
Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Rob. & Brettell | 5 | dyecha | Fodder | 45 | |
Bidens odorata Cav. | 1,2, 4 | ñinch’ujnu | Fodder | 283 | |
Brickellia squarrosa B.L. Rob. & Seaton | 4 | mb’opziño | Fodder | 56 | |
Cirsium anartiolepis Petr. | 5 | nrrab’idyi | Food, fodder | 91 | |
Conyza coronopifolia Kunth | 2, 4 | Fodder | 163 | ||
Erigeron galeottii (A.Gray) Greene | 2, 4 | nrrab’a | Fodder | 144 | |
Erigeron karvinskianus DC. | 4 | nrrab’a | Fodder, medicinal, ornamental | 180 | |
Erigeron longipes DC. | 4 | nrrab’a | Fodder | 179 | |
Ageratina areolaris (DC.) Gage ex B.L.Turner | 5 | nupziño | Fodder | 299 | |
Eupatorium sp. | 5 | kjoñizha | Fodder | 22 | |
Eupatorium sp. 1 | 5 | pepziño | Fodder | 4 | |
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. | 2, 4 | Food, fodder | 323 | ||
Gnaphalium attenuatum DC. | 5 | gordolobo | Medicinal | Photo record | |
Gnapahlium sp. | 5 | gordolobo | Medicinal | Photo record | |
Jaegeria hirta (Lag.) Less. | 2, 4 | Fodder | 322 | ||
Melampodium divaricatum (Rich. ex Rich.) DC. | 4, 6 | nrrab’a | Fodder, medicinal | 214 | |
Melampodium perfoliatum (Cav.) Kunth | 4 | nrrab’a | Fodder | 293 | |
Pinaropappus roseus (Less.) Less. | 4 | pob’a | Fodder | 113,162 | |
Pinaropappus sp. | 5 | pob’a | Medicinal | 43 | |
Piqueria pilosa Kunth | 4 | Fodder | 195 | ||
Roldana hederifolia (Hemsl.) H. Rob. & Brettell | 5 | mb’opziño | Fodder | 363 | |
Roldana albonervia (Greenm.) H. Rob. & Brettell | 4, 5 | mb’opziño | Fodder | 21 | |
Roldana angulifolia (DC.) H. Rob. & Brettell | 2, 4 | mb’opziño | Fodder | 334 | |
Roldana barba-johannis (DC.) H. Rob. & Brettell | 1. 2, 4, 5, 6 | mb’opziño | Fodder | 344 | |
Roldana suffulta (Greenm.) H. Rob. & Brettell | 4 | mb’opziño | Fodder | 361 | |
Senecio callosus Sch. Bip. | 2, 4, 6 | k’axtr’u nrranj’a | Fodder, ornamental | 343 | |
Senecio stoechadiformis DC. | 1, 4 | k’axtr’u nrranj’a | Fodder | 295 | |
Senecio toluccanus DC. | 4, 5 | k’axtr’u nrranj’a | Fodder, ornamental | 27 | |
Sigesbeckia jorullensis Kunth | 4 | Fodder | 346 | ||
Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Pers. | 2, 4 | Fodder | 326 | ||
Stevia lucida Lag. | 5 | pe’pziño | Fodder | 25,49 | |
Stevia serrata Cav. | 1, 4 | nrr’axikjua | Fodder | 296 | |
Stevia origanoides Kunth | 4 | pe’ pziño | Fodder | 297 | |
Stevia subpubescens Lag. | 4, 6 | pe’pziño | Fodder | 13,288 | |
Tagetes erecta L. | 2, 3, 4, 7 | k’axtr’u nrranj’a | Ornamental, medicinal, fodder | 192 | |
Tagetes lucida Cav. | 1, 2, 4 | k’axtr’u nrranj’a | Medicinal, fodder | 385 | |
Tagetes micrantha Cav. | 4, 7 | k’axtr’u nrranj’a | Medicinal, food | 337 | |
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg. | 1, 2 | ts’ik’axtr’un ajnua | Fodder | 149 | |
Verbesina klattii B.L. Rob. & Greenm. | 5 | pe’pziño | Fodder | 359 | |
Betulaceae | Alnus acuminata subsp. arguta (Schltdl.) Furlow | 5, 6 | mb’e’e | Handcrafts, fuelwood, construction | 54 |
Alnus jorullensis Kunth | 5, 6 | mb’e’e | Handcrafts, fuelwood, construction | 159 | |
Brassicaceae | Lepidium sordidum A. Gray | 2 | ts’inrroí | Fodder | 106 |
Lepidium virginicum L. | 2 | ts’inrroí | Fodder | 307 | |
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Schinz & Thell. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek | 6 | Food, commerce | 33 | ||
Brassica rapa L. | 2 | Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce | Photo record | ||
Brassica campestris L. | 2 | Food, fodder | 480 | ||
Buddleiaceae | Buddleia cordata Kunth | 5 | xij’ta | Fodder | 48 |
Cactaceae | Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. | 3 | kij’i’i | Food, medicinal, fodder | 131 |
Campanulaceae | Lobelia laxiflora Kunth | 1, 5 | Fodder | 44 | |
Caryophyllaceae | Cerastium nutans Raf. | 4, 5 | ts’irr’oztejna | Fodder | 252 |
Cerdia virescens Moc. & Sessé ex DC. | 2, 4 | Fodder | 148 | ||
Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult. | 5 | Food, fodder | 32 | ||
Drymaria excisa Standl. | 4 | Fodder | 88 | ||
Stellaria cuspidata Willd. ex Schltdl. | 5 | Food, fodder | 92 | ||
Cistaceae | Helianthemum glomeratum (Lag.) Lag. ex Dunal | 2, 4 | xits’ajna | Medicinal, fodder | 105 |
Clethraceae | Clethra mexicana DC. | 2, 4, 5 | Handcrafts, soap | 333 | |
Convolvulaceae | Ipomoea sp. | 2 | Ornamental | 269 | |
Cornaceae | Cornus disciflora Moc. & Sessé ex DC. | 5 | nrrempe | Fodder | 247, 340 |
Cucurbitaceae | Cyclanthera ribiflora (Schltdl.) Cogn. | 4 | zatrjo | Soap, fodder | 84 |
Cucurbita argyrosperma C.Huber | 3 | Food, fodder, soap, medicinal, commerce | Photo record | ||
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché | 3 | Food, fodder, commerce | Photo record | ||
Cucurbita moschata Duchesne | 3 | Food, fodder, soap, medicinal, commerce | Photo record | ||
Cucurbita pepo L. | 3 | Food, fodder, soap, medicinal, commerce | Photo record | ||
Chenopodiaceae | Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants | 2 | Xujmu | Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce | 135 |
Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. | 2 | Food, fodder, commerce | Photo record | ||
Ericaceae | Comarostaphylis discolor (Hook.) Diggs | 4 | trjoxu | Fuelwood | 478 |
Comarostaphylis longifolia (Benth.) Klotzsch | 4 | penchoxu | Food, fuelwood | 59 | |
Comarostaphylis discolor subsp. rupestris (B.L.Rob. & Seaton) Diggs | 5 | trjoxu | Fuelwood | 70 | |
Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia dentata Michx. | 1 | ts’inrroí | Ornamental | 287 |
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch | 3 | pascua | Ornamental | Photo record | |
Fagaceae | Quercus crassifolia Bonpl. | 4, 6 | Xilojo | Handcrafts, food, fuelwood, medicinal | 203 |
Quercus laurina Bonpl. | 4, 5 | xilojo | Food, handcrafts, fuelwood | 53 | |
Quercus rugosa Née | 4, 5 | xilojo | Food, handcrafts, fuelwood, fodder, medicinal, construction | 51 | |
Gentianaceae | Halenia brevicornis (Kunth) G. Don | 7 | Fodder | 351 | |
Geraniaceae | Geranium seemannii Peyr. | 5 | xu’u | Medicinal | 39 |
Hydrophyllaceae | Nama prostrata Brand | 4, 5 | Fodder | 80 | |
Phacelia platycarpa (Cav.) Spreng. | 4, 5 | pzochavo | Fodder | 183 | |
Lamiaceae | Lepechinia caulescens (Ortega) Epling | 2, 5 | k’anrrejna | Fodder | 318 |
Prunella vulgaris L. | 4, 5 | k’anrrejna | Fodder | 237 | |
Salvia concolor Lamb. ex Benth. | 5 | k’anrrejna | Fodder | 244 | |
Salvia elegans Vahl | 1, 4 | k’anrrejna | Fodder | 282 | |
Salvia fulgens Cav. | 5 | ts’imbarenzé | Fodder | 40 | |
Salvia carnea Kunth. | 5 | ts’ixitz’ajna | Fodder | 245 | |
Salvia helianthemifolia Benth. | 5 | k’anrrejna | Medicinal, commerce | 3 | |
Salvia lavanduloides Kunth | 4, 6 | k’anrrejna | Food, medicinal | 73 | |
Salvia mexicana L. | 2, 4, 5 | mb’opziño tr’eje | Fodder | 117 | |
Salvia sp. | 6 | k’agrejne | Fodder | 208 | |
Salvia sp. | 6 | ts’ik’agrejne | Fodder | 60 | |
Clinopodium mexicanum (Benth.) Govaerts | 4, 5 | Medicinal | Photo record | ||
Clinopodium macrostemum (Moc. & Sessé ex Benth.) Kuntze | 4, 5 | Medicinal | 485 | ||
Stachys coccinea Ortega | 4 | mbarejnatr’eje | Fodder | 85 | |
Lauraceae | Persea americana Mill. | 3 | Food, medicinal, commerce | Photo record | |
Leguminosae | Astragalus lyonnettii Barneby | 4 | kjungo’o | Fodder | 186 |
Dalea thouinii Schrank | 1 | Fodder, medicinal | 290 | ||
Desmodium aparines (Link) DC. | 1 | pe’pziño | Fodder | 289 | |
Desmodium densiflorum Hemsl. | 2 | Fodder | 146 | ||
Lupinus elegans Kunth | 5 | nrramona | Fodder | 97 | |
Phaseolus coccineus L. subsp. coccineus | 3 | Food | Photo record | ||
Phaseolus coccineus L. subsp. formosus (Kunth) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier Phaseolus coccineus subsp. formosus (Kunth) Marechal & al. | 6 | patol | Food, fodder | 261 | |
Phaseolus vulgaris L. | 3 | Food, commerce | Photo record | ||
Trifolium amabile Kunth | 2 | Fodder | 321 | ||
Vicia faba L. | 3 | Food, fodder | Photo record | ||
Lythraceae | Cuphea aequipetala Cav. | 5 | ngüechuxu | Medicinal, food, commerce | 36 |
Cuphea jorullensis Kunth | 4, 6 | Medicinal, commerce | 222 | ||
Malvaceae | Kearnemalvastrum subtriflorum (Lag.) D.M. Bates | 1, 5 | nrr’akojnu | Fodder | 285 |
Malva parviflora L. | 1 | ts’inrr’ axkojnu | Food, ornamental, fodder, medicinal | 305,306 | |
Onagraceae | Fuchsia thymifolia Kunth | 5 | Fodder | 13 | |
Lopezia racemosa Cav. | 2, 4, 5 | pe’jnche | Fodder | 145 | |
Oenothera deserticola (Loes.) Munz | 4, 5 | Fodder | 29,157 | ||
Oxalidaceae | Oxalis alpina (Rose) Rose ex R. Knuth | 4, 6 | k’opi | Food, fodder | 213 |
Oxalis sp. | 4, 6 | ixí | Fodder | 68 | |
Phytolaccaceae | Phytolacca icosandra L. | 1, 2 | cangara | Food, fodder, | 124 |
Piperaceae | Peperomia galioides Kunth | 1, 6 | Soap, medicinal | 331 | |
Peperomia quadrifolia (L.) Kunth | 4, 6 | Medicinal | 348 | ||
Plantaginaceae | Plantago australis Lam. | 3, 5 | lant’a | Medicinal | 151 |
Polygalaceae | Monnina ciliolata DC. | 4, 5 | ts’ib’orencé | Food, fodder | 6 |
Polygonaceae | Polygonum aviculare L. | 2, 4 | pziñotr’eje | Fodder | 139 |
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre | 1, 6 | Fodder | 308 | ||
Polygonum sp. | 2 | xu’u | Medicinal | 133 | |
Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea L. | 2 | Food, fodder, medicinal | Photo record | |
Primulaceae | Anagallis arvensis L. | 4 | pzochavo | Fodder | 95 |
Punicaceae | Punica granatum L. | 3 | Food, medicinal, commerce | Photo record | |
Ranunculaceae | Clematis dioica L. | 4 | Fodder | 200 | |
Resedaceae | Reseda luteola L. | 2 | kjopziodyo | Fodder | 138 |
Rhamnaceae | Ceanothus caeruleus Lag. | 4, 5 | ts’ik’agrejne | Medicinal | 174 |
Frangula mucronata (Schltdl.) Grubov. | 4, 6 | kjonz’a | Fuelwood | 75,138 | |
Rosaceae | Acaena elongata L. | 4, 5 | ñib’ota | Fodder | 18 |
Alchemilla pringlei Fedde | 2 | ñib’ota | Fodder | 147 | |
Alchemilla procumbens Rose | 4, 6 | ñib’ota | Fodder | 230 | |
Crataegus mexicana Mo‡. & Sess‚ ex DC. | 3, 5 | xinpedyi | Food, medicinal, commerce | 99 | |
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. | 2, 3 | níspero | Food | Photo record | |
Fragaria mexicana Schltdl. | 5, 7 | muxatr’u | Food, fodder | 159 | |
Prunus brachybotrya Zucc. | 5 | xínchoparu | Medicinal | 90 | |
Prunus domestica L. | 3 | endrina | Food, commerce | 132 | |
Prunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cav. ex Spreng.) McVaugh. | 1, 3, 4 | xinrrenz’e | Food, commerce | 86 | |
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | 3 | nrora | Food, commerce | 142 | |
Rubus liebmannii Focke | 1, 3, 5 | xarrtr’u | Food, commerce | 23 | |
Rubiaceae | Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. | 4 | rnanta | Fodder, medicinal | 166 |
Didymaea floribunda Rzed. | 4, 6 | xitz’ajna tr’eje | Fodder | 61 | |
Rutaceae | Ruta chalepensis L. | 3 | lota | Medicinal | 134 |
Salicaceae | Salix paradoxa Kunth | 4, 5, 6 | xijño | Fodder, fuelwood | 250 |
Scrophulariaceae | Calceolaria mexicana Benth. | 5 | Food | 239,345 | |
Mimulus glabratus Kunth | 5, 7 | Food | 240 | ||
Penstemon campanulatus (Cav.) Willd. | 5 | Fodder | 337 | ||
Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth. | 5 | Fodder | 235 | ||
Solanaceae | Cestrum nitidum M. Martens & Galeotti | 1 | Ornamental | 312 | |
Cestrum thyrsoideum Kunth | 4, 5 | rr’oxululu | Food | 15 | |
Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry | 2, 4 | nrrempe | Food, fodder | 263 | |
Lycianthes rzedowski E. Dean | 4 | onglaba | Food, fodder | 165,191 | |
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. | 3 | Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce | Photo record | ||
Physalis volubilis Waterf. | 4, 6 | ongo’o | Food, fodder | 210 | |
Solanum appendiculatum Dunal | 4, 5 | nts’imbalixi | Food, fodder | 5 | |
Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. | 1, 6 | Fodder | 336 | ||
Solanum argentinum Bitter & Lillo | 5 | xíncho paru | Medicinal | 41 | |
Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti | 2, 5 | ongo’o | Food, medicinal, fodder | 123 | |
Solanum nudum Dunal | 4 | xínchoparu | Ornamental | 211 | |
Solanum tuberosum L. | 3 | Food, commerce | Photo record | ||
Symplocaceae | Symplocos prionophylla Hemsl. | 6 | Fodder | 205 | |
Theaceae | Cleyera integrifolia (Benth.) Choisy | 5 | nrrensétr’eje | Medicinal, food | 1,332 |
Ternstroemia lineata DC. subsp. lineata | 4, 6 | mb’áza | Medicinal, commerce | 76 | |
Ternstroemia lineata DC. | 4, 5 | mb’a’za | Medicinal, commerce | 47 | |
Valerianaceae | Valeriana barbareifolia M. Martens & Galeotti | 1 | ts’ir’ostejna | Medicinal | 292 |
Valeriana clematitis Kunth | 5, 6 | ts’ir’ostejna | Medicinal | 218 | |
Verbenaceae | Lippia umbellata Cav. | 4 | zalberia | Medicinal | 58 |
Verbena gracilis Desf. | 2, 4, 7 | kjestexu | Fodder | 164 | |
Verbena litoralis Kunth | 2 | kjestexu | Fodder | 129 | |
Verbena recta Kunth | 2, 4 | kjestexu | Fodder | 265 | |
Violaceae | Hybanthus attenuatus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Schulze-Menz | 6 | Fodder | 286,341 | |
Viola humilis Kunth | 6 | Fodder | 150,193 | ||
Viscaceae | Phoradendron velutinum (DC.) Oliv. | 4, 5 | búngu | Fodder | 2 |
Magnoliophyta Liliopsida Agavaceae | Agave atrovirens Karw. ex Salm-Dyck | 3 | Food, alcoholic beverage, commerce | PhR | |
Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck | 3 | Food, alcoholic beverage, commerce | PhR | ||
Furcraea parmentieri (Roezl) García-Mend. | 3 | Ornamental | PhR | ||
Commelinaceae | Commelina elliptica Kunth. | 4, 6 | Fodder | 320 | |
Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Fenzl. | 1 | Fodder | 294,325 | ||
Tradescantia commelinoides Schult. & Schult.f. | 4 | kjua’a | Fodder | 182,238 | |
Cyperaceae | Bulbostylis sp. | 2, 7 | nrreb’i | Fodder | 153 |
Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl. | 7 | nrreb’i | Fodder, medicinal | 267 | |
Juncaceae | Juncus effusus L. | 5, 6 | nrreb’i | Fodder | 31 |
Orchidaceae | Malaxis macrostachya (Lex.) Kuntze | 4, 5 | Ornamental | 188 | |
Poaceae | Avena sativa L. | 3 | avena | Food, fodder, commerce | Photo record |
Briza minor L. | 1 | nrreb’i | Fodder | 313 | |
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | 2, 7 | nrreb’i | Fodder, medicinal | 140 | |
Festuca breviglumis Swallen | 2, 7 | nrreb’i | Fodder | 350 | |
Hordeum vulgare L. | 3 | zebara | Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce | 110 | |
Muhlenbergia macroura (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hitchc. | 5, 7 | nuxnrreb’i | Fodder, medicinal | 55 | |
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. | 2, 7 | nuxnrreb’i | Fodder | 141 | |
Trisetum virletii E.Fourn. | 5, 7 | nrreb’í | Fodder | 16 | |
Triticum aestivum L. | 3 | nrreju | Food, fodder, commerce | 109 | |
Zea mays L. | 3 | Food, fodder, commerce | Photo record |
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Farfán Heredia, B., Casas, A. (2022). Mazahua Ethnobotany: Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Management, and Local People Subsistence. In: Casas, A., Blancas Vázquez, J.J. (eds) Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Mexico. Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77089-5_8-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77089-5_8-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77089-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77089-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences