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Mazahua Ethnobotany: Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Management, and Local People Subsistence

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Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Mexico

Part of the book series: Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions ((ETMORE))

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Abstract

This study documents the Mazahua ecological knowledge of plants, their nomenclature and classification, and their role in subsistence of people in a village of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. We registered 213 useful plant species within the territory studied. Prunus serotina, Rubus liebmannii, and Crataegus mexicana were the main species providing wild fruits gathered by the Mazahua people, whereas Brassica campestris, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, Chenopodium berlandieri, and Amaranthus hybridus were the principal non-crop greens locally consumed. Extraction of medicinal plants is low but gathering of flowers of Ternstroemia spp. involves practices that endanger local populations of these plants. All households of the village make use of fuelwood, mainly of pine and oak species; in addition, they practice livestock, mostly extensive free raising of cows and sheep, but commonly people gather some wild and weedy plants for feeding their animals.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Teconología (CONACYT, research project AS-1-14306), Mexico, the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA-PAPIIT, research project IN206520), UNAM, and the Comisión para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO, research project RG-023), Mexico.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Intercultural Indígena de Michoacán, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico

    Berenice Farfán Heredia

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Alejandro Casas

Authors
  1. Berenice Farfán Heredia
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  2. Alejandro Casas
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. IIES, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México IIES, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Alejandro Casas

  2. Center for Research in Biodiversity, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de More, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    José Juan Blancas Vázquez

Appendix 1 Useful plants of the Mazahua village of Francisco Serrato. Habitats: 1 = ruderal; 2 = agricultural areas as weeds; 3 = agricultural area as crops; 4 = pine-oak forest; 5 = pine-oak-fir forest; 6 = riparian vegetation; 7 = shrub and grassland. Voucher specimens correspond to Farfán-Heredia collection numbers

Appendix 1 Useful plants of the Mazahua village of Francisco Serrato. Habitats: 1 = ruderal; 2 = agricultural areas as weeds; 3 = agricultural area as crops; 4 = pine-oak forest; 5 = pine-oak-fir forest; 6 = riparian vegetation; 7 = shrub and grassland. Voucher specimens correspond to Farfán-Heredia collection numbers

Plant family

Species

Habitat

Mazahua name

Use

Voucher

Pteridophyta

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium monanthes L.

4, 5, 6

ngüeí

Ornamental, medicinal

9

Dryopteridaceae

Polystichum distans Fourn.

2, 6

ngüeí

Ornamental

342

Polypodiaceae

Pleopeltis mexicana (Fée) Mickel & Beitel

4, 5

ngüeí

Ornamental

169

 

Polypodium madrense J. Sm

4

ngüeí

Medicinal

20,173

Pteridaceae

Adiantum andicola Liebm.

4, 5, 6

ts’ibankjua

Medicinal

8

 

Cheilanthes chaerophylla (M. Martens & Galeotti) Kunze

4, 5

ts’ingüeí tr’eje

Ornamental

200

Monilophyta

Equisetaceae

Equisetum sp.

2, 6

kox’y

Medicinal

122

Coniferophyta

Cupressaceae

Cupressus lusitanica Mill.

3, 5

zez’ojnu

Handcrafts, construction, fuelwood, ornamental

108

Pinaceae

Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.

5

 

Construction, firewood

349

 

Pinus hartwegii Lindl.

4, 5

xivatí

Construction, firewood

76

 

Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.

4

xivatí

Construction, firewood

198

 

Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.

4, 5

xivatí

Construction, firewood, medicinal

93

Magnoliophyta

Magnoliopsida

Amaranthaceae

Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

6

ts’inguitz’ ajna

Fodder

71

 

Amaranthus hybridus L.

2

 

Food, fodder, medicinal

Photo record

Apiaceae

Arracacia rigida J.M. Coult. & Rose

4, 5

z’apzantreje

Medicinal, fodder

42

 

Eryngium columnare Hemsl

5

nrab’idyi

Fodder

24

Apocynaceae

Vinca major L.

2

 

Ornamental

121

Araliaceae

Oreopanax xalapensis (Kunth) Decne. & Planch.

5

 

Fodder

357

Asteraceae

Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni ex Pers.

2, 4

 

Fodder

311

 

Archibaccharis schiedeana (Benth.) J.D. Jacks.

2, 4

 

Fodder

279

 

Archibaccharis hirtella (DC.) Heering

2, 5

 

Fodder

316

 

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.

2, 4

j’mipzi

Medicinal

127

 

Baccharis conferta Kunth

1, 5

mb’axu

Fodder, handcrafts, fuelwood

14

 

Baccharis pteronioides DC.

1, 2, 4

mb’axu

Fuelwood, handcrafts

111

 

Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Rob. & Brettell

5

dyecha

Fodder

45

 

Bidens odorata Cav.

1,2, 4

ñinch’ujnu

Fodder

283

 

Brickellia squarrosa B.L. Rob. & Seaton

4

mb’opziño

Fodder

56

 

Cirsium anartiolepis Petr.

5

nrrab’idyi

Food, fodder

91

 

Conyza coronopifolia Kunth

2, 4

 

Fodder

163

 

Erigeron galeottii (A.Gray) Greene

2, 4

nrrab’a

Fodder

144

 

Erigeron karvinskianus DC.

4

nrrab’a

Fodder, medicinal, ornamental

180

 

Erigeron longipes DC.

4

nrrab’a

Fodder

179

 

Ageratina areolaris (DC.) Gage ex B.L.Turner

5

nupziño

Fodder

299

 

Eupatorium sp.

5

kjoñizha

Fodder

22

 

Eupatorium sp. 1

5

pepziño

Fodder

4

 

Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

2, 4

 

Food, fodder

323

 

Gnaphalium attenuatum DC.

5

gordolobo

Medicinal

Photo record

 

Gnapahlium sp.

5

gordolobo

Medicinal

Photo record

 

Jaegeria hirta (Lag.) Less.

2, 4

 

Fodder

322

 

Melampodium divaricatum (Rich. ex Rich.) DC.

4, 6

nrrab’a

Fodder, medicinal

214

 

Melampodium perfoliatum (Cav.) Kunth

4

nrrab’a

Fodder

293

 

Pinaropappus roseus (Less.) Less.

4

pob’a

Fodder

113,162

 

Pinaropappus sp.

5

pob’a

Medicinal

43

 

Piqueria pilosa Kunth

4

 

Fodder

195

 

Roldana hederifolia (Hemsl.) H. Rob. & Brettell

5

mb’opziño

Fodder

363

 

Roldana albonervia (Greenm.) H. Rob. & Brettell

4, 5

mb’opziño

Fodder

21

 

Roldana angulifolia (DC.) H. Rob. & Brettell

2, 4

mb’opziño

Fodder

334

 

Roldana barba-johannis (DC.) H. Rob. & Brettell

1. 2, 4, 5, 6

mb’opziño

Fodder

344

 

Roldana suffulta (Greenm.) H. Rob. & Brettell

4

mb’opziño

Fodder

361

 

Senecio callosus Sch. Bip.

2, 4, 6

k’axtr’u nrranj’a

Fodder, ornamental

343

 

Senecio stoechadiformis DC.

1, 4

k’axtr’u nrranj’a

Fodder

295

 

Senecio toluccanus DC.

4, 5

k’axtr’u nrranj’a

Fodder, ornamental

27

 

Sigesbeckia jorullensis Kunth

4

 

Fodder

346

 

Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Pers.

2, 4

 

Fodder

326

 

Stevia lucida Lag.

5

pe’pziño

Fodder

25,49

 

Stevia serrata Cav.

1, 4

nrr’axikjua

Fodder

296

 

Stevia origanoides Kunth

4

pe’ pziño

Fodder

297

 

Stevia subpubescens Lag.

4, 6

pe’pziño

Fodder

13,288

 

Tagetes erecta L.

2, 3, 4, 7

k’axtr’u nrranj’a

Ornamental, medicinal, fodder

192

 

Tagetes lucida Cav.

1, 2, 4

k’axtr’u nrranj’a

Medicinal, fodder

385

 

Tagetes micrantha Cav.

4, 7

k’axtr’u nrranj’a

Medicinal, food

337

 

Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.

Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg.

1, 2

ts’ik’axtr’un ajnua

Fodder

149

 

Verbesina klattii B.L. Rob. & Greenm.

5

pe’pziño

Fodder

359

Betulaceae

Alnus acuminata subsp. arguta (Schltdl.) Furlow

5, 6

mb’e’e

Handcrafts, fuelwood, construction

54

 

Alnus jorullensis Kunth

5, 6

mb’e’e

Handcrafts, fuelwood, construction

159

Brassicaceae

Lepidium sordidum A. Gray

2

ts’inrroí

Fodder

106

 

Lepidium virginicum L.

2

ts’inrroí

Fodder

307

 

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Schinz & Thell. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek

6

 

Food, commerce

33

 

Brassica rapa L.

2

 

Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce

Photo record

 

Brassica campestris L.

2

 

Food, fodder

480

Buddleiaceae

Buddleia cordata Kunth

5

xij’ta

Fodder

48

Cactaceae

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.

3

kij’i’i

Food, medicinal, fodder

131

Campanulaceae

Lobelia laxiflora Kunth

1, 5

 

Fodder

44

Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium nutans Raf.

4, 5

ts’irr’oztejna

Fodder

252

 

Cerdia virescens Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

2, 4

 

Fodder

148

 

Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult.

5

 

Food, fodder

32

 

Drymaria excisa Standl.

4

 

Fodder

88

 

Stellaria cuspidata Willd. ex Schltdl.

5

 

Food, fodder

92

Cistaceae

Helianthemum glomeratum (Lag.) Lag. ex Dunal

2, 4

xits’ajna

Medicinal, fodder

105

Clethraceae

Clethra mexicana DC.

2, 4, 5

 

Handcrafts, soap

333

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea sp.

2

 

Ornamental

269

Cornaceae

Cornus disciflora Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

5

nrrempe

Fodder

247, 340

Cucurbitaceae

Cyclanthera ribiflora (Schltdl.) Cogn.

4

zatrjo

Soap, fodder

84

 

Cucurbita argyrosperma C.Huber

3

 

Food, fodder, soap, medicinal, commerce

Photo record

 

Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché

3

 

Food, fodder, commerce

Photo record

 

Cucurbita moschata Duchesne

3

 

Food, fodder, soap, medicinal, commerce

Photo record

 

Cucurbita pepo L.

3

 

Food, fodder, soap, medicinal, commerce

Photo record

Chenopodiaceae

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

2

Xujmu

Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce

135

 

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.

2

 

Food, fodder, commerce

Photo record

Ericaceae

Comarostaphylis discolor (Hook.) Diggs

4

trjoxu

Fuelwood

478

 

Comarostaphylis longifolia (Benth.) Klotzsch

4

penchoxu

Food, fuelwood

59

 

Comarostaphylis discolor subsp. rupestris (B.L.Rob. & Seaton) Diggs

5

trjoxu

Fuelwood

70

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia dentata Michx.

1

ts’inrroí

Ornamental

287

 

Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch

3

pascua

Ornamental

Photo record

Fagaceae

Quercus crassifolia Bonpl.

4, 6

Xilojo

Handcrafts, food, fuelwood, medicinal

203

 

Quercus laurina Bonpl.

4, 5

xilojo

Food, handcrafts, fuelwood

53

 

Quercus rugosa Née

4, 5

xilojo

Food, handcrafts, fuelwood, fodder, medicinal, construction

51

Gentianaceae

Halenia brevicornis (Kunth) G. Don

7

 

Fodder

351

Geraniaceae

Geranium seemannii Peyr.

5

xu’u

Medicinal

39

Hydrophyllaceae

Nama prostrata Brand

4, 5

 

Fodder

80

 

Phacelia platycarpa (Cav.) Spreng.

4, 5

pzochavo

Fodder

183

Lamiaceae

Lepechinia caulescens (Ortega) Epling

2, 5

k’anrrejna

Fodder

318

 

Prunella vulgaris L.

4, 5

k’anrrejna

Fodder

237

 

Salvia concolor Lamb. ex Benth.

5

k’anrrejna

Fodder

244

 

Salvia elegans Vahl

1, 4

k’anrrejna

Fodder

282

 

Salvia fulgens Cav.

5

ts’imbarenzé

Fodder

40

 

Salvia carnea Kunth.

5

ts’ixitz’ajna

Fodder

245

 

Salvia helianthemifolia Benth.

5

k’anrrejna

Medicinal, commerce

3

 

Salvia lavanduloides Kunth

4, 6

k’anrrejna

Food, medicinal

73

 

Salvia mexicana L.

2, 4, 5

mb’opziño tr’eje

Fodder

117

 

Salvia sp.

6

k’agrejne

Fodder

208

 

Salvia sp.

6

ts’ik’agrejne

Fodder

60

 

Clinopodium mexicanum (Benth.) Govaerts

4, 5

 

Medicinal

Photo record

 

Clinopodium macrostemum (Moc. & Sessé ex Benth.) Kuntze

4, 5

 

Medicinal

485

 

Stachys coccinea Ortega

4

mbarejnatr’eje

Fodder

85

Lauraceae

Persea americana Mill.

3

 

Food, medicinal, commerce

Photo record

Leguminosae

Astragalus lyonnettii Barneby

4

kjungo’o

Fodder

186

 

Dalea thouinii Schrank

1

 

Fodder, medicinal

290

 

Desmodium aparines (Link) DC.

1

pe’pziño

Fodder

289

 

Desmodium densiflorum Hemsl.

2

 

Fodder

146

 

Lupinus elegans Kunth

5

nrramona

Fodder

97

 

Phaseolus coccineus L. subsp. coccineus

3

 

Food

Photo record

 

Phaseolus coccineus L. subsp. formosus (Kunth) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier

Phaseolus coccineus subsp. formosus (Kunth) Marechal & al.

6

patol

Food, fodder

261

 

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

3

 

Food, commerce

Photo record

 

Trifolium amabile Kunth

2

 

Fodder

321

 

Vicia faba L.

3

 

Food, fodder

Photo record

Lythraceae

Cuphea aequipetala Cav.

5

ngüechuxu

Medicinal, food, commerce

36

 

Cuphea jorullensis Kunth

4, 6

 

Medicinal, commerce

222

Malvaceae

Kearnemalvastrum subtriflorum (Lag.) D.M. Bates

1, 5

nrr’akojnu

Fodder

285

 

Malva parviflora L.

1

ts’inrr’ axkojnu

Food, ornamental, fodder, medicinal

305,306

Onagraceae

Fuchsia thymifolia Kunth

5

 

Fodder

13

 

Lopezia racemosa Cav.

2, 4, 5

pe’jnche

Fodder

145

 

Oenothera deserticola (Loes.) Munz

4, 5

 

Fodder

29,157

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis alpina (Rose) Rose ex R. Knuth

4, 6

k’opi

Food, fodder

213

 

Oxalis sp.

4, 6

ixí

Fodder

68

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca icosandra L.

1, 2

cangara

Food, fodder,

124

Piperaceae

Peperomia galioides Kunth

1, 6

 

Soap, medicinal

331

 

Peperomia quadrifolia (L.) Kunth

4, 6

 

Medicinal

348

Plantaginaceae

Plantago australis Lam.

3, 5

lant’a

Medicinal

151

Polygalaceae

Monnina ciliolata DC.

4, 5

ts’ib’orencé

Food, fodder

6

Polygonaceae

Polygonum aviculare L.

2, 4

pziñotr’eje

Fodder

139

 

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre

1, 6

 

Fodder

308

 

Polygonum sp.

2

xu’u

Medicinal

133

Portulacaceae

Portulaca oleracea L.

2

 

Food, fodder, medicinal

Photo record

Primulaceae

Anagallis arvensis L.

4

pzochavo

Fodder

95

Punicaceae

Punica granatum L.

3

 

Food, medicinal, commerce

Photo record

Ranunculaceae

Clematis dioica L.

4

 

Fodder

200

Resedaceae

Reseda luteola L.

2

kjopziodyo

Fodder

138

Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus caeruleus Lag.

4, 5

ts’ik’agrejne

Medicinal

174

 

Frangula mucronata (Schltdl.) Grubov.

4, 6

kjonz’a

Fuelwood

75,138

Rosaceae

Acaena elongata L.

4, 5

ñib’ota

Fodder

18

 

Alchemilla pringlei Fedde

2

ñib’ota

Fodder

147

 

Alchemilla procumbens Rose

4, 6

ñib’ota

Fodder

230

 

Crataegus mexicana Mo‡. & Sess‚ ex DC.

3, 5

xinpedyi

Food, medicinal, commerce

99

 

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.

2, 3

níspero

Food

Photo record

 

Fragaria mexicana Schltdl.

5, 7

muxatr’u

Food, fodder

159

 

Prunus brachybotrya Zucc.

5

xínchoparu

Medicinal

90

 

Prunus domestica L.

3

endrina

Food, commerce

132

 

Prunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cav. ex Spreng.) McVaugh.

1, 3, 4

xinrrenz’e

Food, commerce

86

 

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

3

nrora

Food, commerce

142

 

Rubus liebmannii Focke

1, 3, 5

xarrtr’u

Food, commerce

23

Rubiaceae

Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl.

4

rnanta

Fodder, medicinal

166

 

Didymaea floribunda Rzed.

4, 6

xitz’ajna tr’eje

Fodder

61

Rutaceae

Ruta chalepensis L.

3

lota

Medicinal

134

Salicaceae

Salix paradoxa Kunth

4, 5, 6

xijño

Fodder, fuelwood

250

Scrophulariaceae

Calceolaria mexicana Benth.

5

 

Food

239,345

 

Mimulus glabratus Kunth

5, 7

 

Food

240

 

Penstemon campanulatus (Cav.) Willd.

5

 

Fodder

337

 

Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth.

5

 

Fodder

235

Solanaceae

Cestrum nitidum M. Martens & Galeotti

1

 

Ornamental

312

 

Cestrum thyrsoideum Kunth

4, 5

rr’oxululu

Food

15

 

Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

2, 4

nrrempe

Food, fodder

263

 

Lycianthes rzedowski E. Dean

4

onglaba

Food, fodder

165,191

 

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

3

 

Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce

Photo record

 

Physalis volubilis Waterf.

4, 6

ongo’o

Food, fodder

210

 

Solanum appendiculatum Dunal

4, 5

nts’imbalixi

Food, fodder

5

 

Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl.

1, 6

 

Fodder

336

 

Solanum argentinum Bitter & Lillo

5

xíncho paru

Medicinal

41

 

Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti

2, 5

ongo’o

Food, medicinal, fodder

123

 

Solanum nudum Dunal

4

xínchoparu

Ornamental

211

 

Solanum tuberosum L.

3

 

Food, commerce

Photo record

Symplocaceae

Symplocos prionophylla Hemsl.

6

 

Fodder

205

Theaceae

Cleyera integrifolia (Benth.) Choisy

5

nrrensétr’eje

Medicinal, food

1,332

 

Ternstroemia lineata DC. subsp. lineata

4, 6

mb’áza

Medicinal, commerce

76

 

Ternstroemia lineata DC.

4, 5

mb’a’za

Medicinal, commerce

47

Valerianaceae

Valeriana barbareifolia M. Martens & Galeotti

1

ts’ir’ostejna

Medicinal

292

 

Valeriana clematitis Kunth

5, 6

ts’ir’ostejna

Medicinal

218

Verbenaceae

Lippia umbellata Cav.

4

zalberia

Medicinal

58

 

Verbena gracilis Desf.

2, 4, 7

kjestexu

Fodder

164

 

Verbena litoralis Kunth

2

kjestexu

Fodder

129

 

Verbena recta Kunth

2, 4

kjestexu

Fodder

265

Violaceae

Hybanthus attenuatus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Schulze-Menz

6

 

Fodder

286,341

 

Viola humilis Kunth

6

 

Fodder

150,193

Viscaceae

Phoradendron velutinum (DC.) Oliv.

4, 5

búngu

Fodder

2

Magnoliophyta

Liliopsida

Agavaceae

Agave atrovirens Karw. ex Salm-Dyck

3

 

Food, alcoholic beverage, commerce

PhR

 

Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck

3

 

Food, alcoholic beverage, commerce

PhR

 

Furcraea parmentieri (Roezl) García-Mend.

3

 

Ornamental

PhR

Commelinaceae

Commelina elliptica Kunth.

4, 6

 

Fodder

320

 

Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Fenzl.

1

 

Fodder

294,325

 

Tradescantia commelinoides Schult. & Schult.f.

4

kjua’a

Fodder

182,238

Cyperaceae

Bulbostylis sp.

2, 7

nrreb’i

Fodder

153

 

Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl.

7

nrreb’i

Fodder, medicinal

267

Juncaceae

Juncus effusus L.

5, 6

nrreb’i

Fodder

31

Orchidaceae

Malaxis macrostachya (Lex.) Kuntze

4, 5

 

Ornamental

188

Poaceae

Avena sativa L.

3

avena

Food, fodder, commerce

Photo record

 

Briza minor L.

1

nrreb’i

Fodder

313

 

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.

2, 7

nrreb’i

Fodder, medicinal

140

 

Festuca breviglumis Swallen

2, 7

nrreb’i

Fodder

350

 

Hordeum vulgare L.

3

zebara

Food, fodder, medicinal, commerce

110

 

Muhlenbergia macroura (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hitchc.

5, 7

nuxnrreb’i

Fodder, medicinal

55

 

Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.

2, 7

nuxnrreb’i

Fodder

141

 

Trisetum virletii E.Fourn.

5, 7

nrreb’í

Fodder

16

 

Triticum aestivum L.

3

nrreju

Food, fodder, commerce

109

 

Zea mays L.

3

 

Food, fodder, commerce

Photo record

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Farfán Heredia, B., Casas, A. (2022). Mazahua Ethnobotany: Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Management, and Local People Subsistence. In: Casas, A., Blancas Vázquez, J.J. (eds) Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Mexico. Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77089-5_8-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77089-5_8-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77089-5

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