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Lichen Metabolites: An Overview of Some Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Potential

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Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

Lichens present a symbiotic association between two or more organisms. These unique organisms produce many chemical compounds, known as secondary metabolites or lichen acids. Most of them are localized in the cortex and form specific crystals on the surface of the fungal hyphae. Approximately 1000 secondary metabolites were discovered so far and most of them are specific for lichens. Lichen secondary metabolites showed many pharmaceutical activities, including antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and further allelopathic, antiherbivore, photoprotective activities. Lichens are important source of bioactive compounds, and despite a lot of studies dealing with activity of lichen secondary metabolites, their production in lichens and their role is still very enigmatic. In this chapter, we demonstrated all three main pathways of how secondary compounds originate and chose most characteristic acids with their proposed biological and ecological activities. This chapter gives a basic overview of lichens, secondary metabolites, and their properties.

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Acknowledgments

We thank to Irene Lichtscheidl for providing the imaging equipment at Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research and Marianna Gazdíková for critical reading and reviewing this manuscript. This work was supported by Aktion Österreich – Slowakei, grant from Slovak Grant Agency VEGA 1/0792/16, grant KEGA- 012UPJŠ-4/2016, and grant VVGS-PF-2018-765.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia

    Michal Goga, Margaréta Marcinčinová, Dajana Ručová & Martin Bačkor

  2. Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Michal Goga

  3. Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, Košice, Slovakia

    Ján Elečko

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia

    Miriam Bačkorová

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  1. Michal Goga
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  6. Martin Bačkor
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Correspondence to Michal Goga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

  2. Department of Botany, University College of Science, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

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Goga, M., Elečko, J., Marcinčinová, M., Ručová, D., Bačkorová, M., Bačkor, M. (2020). Lichen Metabolites: An Overview of Some Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Potential. In: Mérillon, JM., Ramawat, K. (eds) Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_57

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