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The Family Polyangiaceae

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

Polyangiaceae belong to the suborder Sorangiineae in the order Myxococcales and comprise the genera Polyangium, Sorangium, Byssovorax, Chondromyces, and Jahnella. Members of the Polyangiaceae family are commonly terrestrial isolates, mainly from soil and decaying plant material. So far, this is the only family of myxobacteria which include cellulose-degrading strains. They are recognized by distinct morphological and chemo-physiological features, from which genus and species can be delineated. Some members of the family produce most sophisticated and complex fruiting bodies resembling treelike structure. The genomes of representatives belong to the largest in the prokaryotes and contain a high percent of G+C. All genera within the family are coherent in the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, which appears to be correlated with phenotypic characteristics. Cellular fatty acid analysis revealed strong support for each strain’s affiliation to the corresponding taxon. Polyangiaceae are of interest for a wide range of applications. The microbial predatory lifestyle exhibited by most members has implications for environmental biocontrol. In addition, diverse novel antimicrobial and cytotoxic secondary metabolites are produced by this group. Further compounds act as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral agents (e.g., anti-HIV). The anticancer agent epothilone was isolated from this family and is currently considered as the most successful pharmaceutical derived from the entire myxobacterial order. Recently, in some novel isolates of the Polyangiaceae, steroids and commercially valuable omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were found.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, P.O. Box 15 11 50, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Ronald Garcia & Rolf Müller

Authors
  1. Ronald Garcia
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  2. Rolf Müller
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ronald Garcia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Garcia, R., Müller, R. (2014). The Family Polyangiaceae. In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39044-9_308

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