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The bitunicate ascus paradigm

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Abstract

The bitunicate ascus paradigm recognized by E. S. Luttrell is reviewed. Species demonstrated to fit the paradigm are listed. Attempts to redefine the bitunicate ascus with functional as well as structural characters are outlined including Chadefaud’sTrois Catégories d’Ascomycetes, Sherwood’s Unusual Ascus Types, Bellemère’sCouche Plan, and Eriksson’s Ascus Dehiscence Types. Discussion of related topics include: (1) Characteristics of the bitunicate ascus including sequential wall formation, separation of wall regions at ascospore ejaculation, thenasse apicale, and the “banded pattern” of the secondary wall layer; (2) Ascus morphology types based on characters observable with the light microscope; and (3) Ascostromatic species designated bitunicate that deviate from the bitunicate ascus paradigm and yet are not structurally similar to the unitunicate ascomycetes. The separation of two wall regions at spore ejaculation is recognized as the single criterion for the bitunicate ascus sensu stricto (=fissitunicate).

Abstrait

Le paradigme de l’asque bituniqué admis par E. S. Luttrell est revu et une liste des espèces qui manifestent ce paradigme est preséntée. Les essais de définer l’asque bituniqué par des caractères fonctionnels autant que des caractères structurais ont été tentés, viz., Chadefaud (“Trois Catégories d’Ascomycètes”), Sherwood (“Unusual Ascus Types”), Bellemère (“Couche Plan”), et Eriksson (“Ascus Dehiscence Types”). Des caractères de l’asque bituniqué sont presentés, comme la formation en ordre de la paroi, la séparation des régions de la paroi à l’éjaculation de l’ascospore, la nasse apicale, et aussi, la couche secondaire avec l’aspect bien strié. Les types morphologiques de l’asque que se fondent sur les caractères observables par le microscope de la lumière sont discutés. On présente une revue des espèces qui sont désignées “bituniqués”, mais qui devient du paradigme de l’asque bituniqué, en même temps qu’elles ne sont pas similaries aux ascomycetes unituniqués. La séparation de deux régiones de la paroi d’asque à l’éjaculation de l’ascospore est le seul critérium acceptée pour definer l’asque bituniqué sensu stricto (=fissitunquée).

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Reynolds, D.R. The bitunicate ascus paradigm. Bot. Rev 55, 1–52 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02868780

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