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An Insight into an Olive Scab on the “Istrska Belica” Variety: Host‐Pathogen Interactions and Phyllosphere Mycobiome

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Abstract

The olive tree is one of the most important agricultural plants, affected by several pests and diseases that cause a severe decline in health status leading to crop losses. Olive leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Venturia oleaginea can result in complete tree defoliation and consequently lower yield. The aim of the study was to obtain new knowledge related to plant–pathogen interaction, reveal mechanisms of plant defense against the pathogen, and characterize fungal phyllosphere communities on infected and symptomless leaves that could contribute to the development of new plant breeding strategies and identification of novel biocontrol agents. The highly susceptible olive variety “Istrska Belica”' was selected for a detailed evaluation. Microscopy analyses led to the observation of raphides in the mesophyll and parenchyma cells of infected leaves and gave new insight into the complex V. oleaginea pathogenesis. Culturable and total phyllosphere mycobiota, obtained via metabarcoding approach, highlighted Didymella, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria species as overlapping between infected and symptomless leaves. Only Venturia and Erythrobasidium in infected and Cladosporium in symptomless samples with higher abundance showed statistically significant differences. Based on the ecological role of identified taxa, it can be suggested that Cladosporium species might have potential antagonistic effects on V. oleaginea.

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Data Availability

All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and published online. Data were deposited in the BioProject database (NCBI) as PRJNA779983 (under the accessions from SAMN23098178 to SAMN23098184 for infected samples (S01 to S07), and from SAMN23098185 to SAMN23098191 for symptomless samples (S08 to S14).

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Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological developments of the Republic of Serbia and by the Slovenian Research Agency, as well as by bilateral scientific-research cooperation between SRB and RS [Contracts Nos.: 451–03-68/2022–14/200178; P1-0386; SLO-SRB-2018/19-OAN].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Sl-6000, Koper, Slovenia

    Matjaž Hladnik, Alenka Baruca Arbeiter & Dunja Bandelj

  2. Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nikola Unković, Tamara Janakiev, Milica Ljaljević Grbić, Slaviša Stanković, Peđa Janaćković, Milan Gavrilović & Ivica Dimkić

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia

    Dragana Rančić

Authors
  1. Matjaž Hladnik
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  2. Nikola Unković
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  11. Ivica Dimkić
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Contributions

MH, DB, and ID—conceptualization of idea and data curation; MH, NU, TJ, ABA, MLG, PJ, MG, DR, and ID—methodology and formal analysis; DB, SS, and ID—funding acquisition; MH, and ID—supervision; MH, NU, TJ, MLG, PJ, MG, and ID—writing the original draft; MH, NU, TJ, MLG, ABA, SS, PJ, MG, DR, DB, and ID—review, editing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivica Dimkić.

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Hladnik, M., Unković, N., Janakiev, T. et al. An Insight into an Olive Scab on the “Istrska Belica” Variety: Host‐Pathogen Interactions and Phyllosphere Mycobiome. Microb Ecol 86, 1343–1363 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02131-4

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