Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites have significant potential applications in a wide range of pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries by providing new chemistries and compounds. However, direct isolation of such compounds from plants has resulted in over-harvesting and loss of biodiversity, currently threatening several medicinal plant species to extinction. With the breakthrough report of taxol production by an endophytic fungus of Taxus brevifolia, a new era in natural product research was established. Since then, the ability of endophytic microbes to produce metabolites similar to those produced by their host plants has been discovered. The plant “endosphere” represents a rich and unique biological niche inhabited by organisms capable of producing a range of desired compounds. In addition, plants growing in diverse habitats and adverse environmental conditions represent a valuable reservoir for obtaining rare microbes with potential applications. Despite being an attractive and sustainable approach for obtaining economically important metabolites, the industrial exploitation of microbial endophytes for the production and isolation of plant secondary metabolites remains in its infancy. The present review provides an updated overview of the prospects, challenges, and possible solutions for using microbial endophytes as micro-factories for obtaining commercially important plant metabolites.
Key points
• Some “plant” metabolites are rather synthesized by the associated endophytes.
• Challenges: Attenuation, silencing of BGCs, unculturability, complex cross-talk.
• Solutions: Simulation of in planta habitat, advanced characterization methods.
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Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions helped improve this manuscript. SM would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed-to-be-University), Agra, India [Grant No. DEI/GBMF (1732020) (vi)]. PKS gratefully acknowledges the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, for financial support in the project IXX11627.
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The present study was conducted from the financial support provided by Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed-to-be-University), Agra, as Minor Research Project [Grant No. DEI/GBMF (1732020)/43].
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Mishra, S., Sahu, P.K., Agarwal, V. et al. Exploiting endophytic microbes as micro-factories for plant secondary metabolite production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 6579–6596 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11527-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11527-0