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Species diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from Brazilian mangrove forests

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Abstract

This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the diversity of endophytic fungal communities isolated from the leaves and branches of Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa trees inhabiting two mangroves in the state of São Paulo, Brazil [Cananeia and Bertioga (oil spill-affected and unaffected)] in the summer and winter. Three hundred and forty-three fungi were identified by sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of rDNA. Differences were observed in the frequencies of fungi isolated from the leaves and branches of these three different plant species sampled from the Bertioga oil spill-affected and the oil-unaffected mangrove sites in the summer and winter; these differences indicate a potential impact on fungal diversity in the study area due to the oil spill. The molecular identification of the fungi showed that the fungal community associated with these mangroves is composed of at least 34 different genera, the most frequent of which were Diaporthe, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Xylaria. The Shannon and the Chao1 indices [H′(95 %) = 4.00, H′(97 %) = 4.22, Chao1(95 %) = 204 and Chao1(97 %) = 603] indicated that the mangrove fungal community possesses a vast diversity and richness of endophytic fungi. The data generated in this study revealed a large reservoir of fungal genetic diversity inhabiting these Brazilian mangrove forests and highlighted substantial differences between the fungal communities associated with distinct plant tissues, plant species, impacted sites and sampling seasons.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq fellowship awarded to F.L.S.S.) and the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP/BIOTA grant 04/13910-6 and fellowship 06/57060-1 awarded to PTL). We also acknowledge the Oceanographic Institute (IO, USP, São Paulo) and, especially, Dr Ricardo P. Menghini, for their support in mangrove expeditions and samplings.

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  1. Department of Genetics, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, PO BOX 83, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil

    Fernanda Luiza de Souza Sebastianes, Aline Silva Romão-Dumaresq, João Lúcio Azevedo & Aline Aparecida Pizzirani-Kleiner

  2. Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luís km 235, PO BOX 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Paulo Teixeira Lacava

  3. Phytopathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP, 04014002, Brazil

    Ricardo Harakava

  4. Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa, Via SP 340, Km 127, 5, 69, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil

    Itamar Soares de Melo

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  1. Fernanda Luiza de Souza Sebastianes
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Correspondence to Fernanda Luiza de Souza Sebastianes.

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Communicated by S. Hohmann.

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de Souza Sebastianes, F.L., Romão-Dumaresq, A.S., Lacava, P.T. et al. Species diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from Brazilian mangrove forests. Curr Genet 59, 153–166 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-013-0396-8

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