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Petrology and geochemistry of the Pan-African high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic–adakitic Bapé plutonic suites (Adamawa-Yade block, Cameroon): evidence of a hot oceanic crust subduction

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Abstract

The 60 km-long Pan-African Bapé massif intruded in the Adamawa-Yade Archaean block is an excellent case for the study of subduction–collision-related magmatism, its origin by interaction among magmas from various sources, and its bearing on the evolution of the Pan-African orogenic belt in Cameroon. An integrated study including mapping, petrography and geochemistry was carried out on these Ba–Sr rich quartz monzonites, quartz monzodiorites, monzonites, granodiorites (adakites), syenites and micromonzogabbros. The rocks are dominated by plagioclase + alkali feldspars + amphibole + biotite + sphene + opaque minerals + apatite + zircon ± pyroxene ± quartz assemblage. They are I-type, ferroan, metaluminous and belong to high-K calc-alkaline, shoshonitic series. REE patterns form two sets of tight closed and of highly differentiated patterns. The spider diagrams display Th, U, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf negative and Ba, K, Pb and Sr positive anomalies. High K2O, Ba–Sr and moderate SiO2 contents and the variation of canonical ratios such as Zr/Sm, Zr/Hf, La/Sm, and Sm/Yb, point to multiple origins for the Bapé granitoids such as (i) melting of a dehydrated subducting crust (adakites) and/or the metasomatized heterogeneous mantle wedge (spinel– and phlogopite–amphibole–garnet lherzolite), or (ii) the mixing of these liquids (other granitoids). The U–Pb emplacement age (640–603 Ma), coeval with the subduction–collision between the West-African and the Congo cratons, the occurrence of adakites, combined with geophysical data, support that these granitoids are link to the southeast–northwest subduction of the hot Yaoundé oceanic crust under the Adamawa-Yadé craton, during the Neoproterozoic time.

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All data used in this study are reported in Tables 1 and 2 included in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of Prof. Pierre Barbey of CRPG-CNRS, University of Lorraine (Nancy, Fance) for the confection of the thin sections and photomicrographs, his guidance during fieldwork and the pre-review of the manuscript. The first author thanks all the local authorities (e.g., Mr. Camille Moutè à Bidias, the Director General of the Cameroon National Employment Fund, for his assistance at Biamesse) and many post-graduate students (Djyo, Ngahan, Ngangue, Nzie, Nzwinda, Taminang, Toukam) for their help during fieldwork. The authors acknowledge the reviewer Jiří Žák of Charles University (Prague) and one anonymous reviewer for the constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. They extend their gratitude to JF Moyen (Topic editor) and Wolf-Christian F. A. Dullo (Editor in Chief) for the editorial handling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Jacqueline Numbem Tchakounté, Fuh Calistus Gentry, Metang Victor, Joseph Mvondo Ondoa & Charles Nkoumbou

  2. Department of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing, Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

    Aurélie Ngamy Kamwa

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  1. Jacqueline Numbem Tchakounté
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  2. Fuh Calistus Gentry
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  3. Aurélie Ngamy Kamwa
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  6. Charles Nkoumbou
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Correspondence to Charles Nkoumbou.

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Tchakounté, J.N., Gentry, F.C., Kamwa, A.N. et al. Petrology and geochemistry of the Pan-African high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic–adakitic Bapé plutonic suites (Adamawa-Yade block, Cameroon): evidence of a hot oceanic crust subduction. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 2067–2090 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02060-6

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