Abstract
Cyathocline, a small genus, has been treated as a member of subtribe Grangeinae of tribe Astereae (Asteraceae), but has been neglected in molecular phylogenetic analyses of Astereae. Plastid trnL-F and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences were used to carry out phylogenetic analyses of Cyathocline (represented by C. purpurea) through maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses. In addition, its karyotype, morphology and micromorphology were also investigated. The results show that in our three phylogenetic trees, C. purpurea is deeply nested within the Blumea clade and/or the Inulinae clade, and is closest to Blumea balsamifera (Inuleae, Inulinae). C. purpurea is similar to Blumea in chromosome size bimodality and to Inulinae in one single large oxalate crystal within each cell of the cypsela epidermis, which, together with molecular evidences, suggests strongly that Cyathocline should be transferred from Astereae to Inuleae subtribe Inulinae. Although C. purpurea has many anomalous features, its most characters still are within a wide range of morphological variations of Blumea. DNA data and the karyotypic character support to merge C. purpurea into Blumea. As a result, the new combination Blumea purpurea (O. Kuntze) W.P. Li was made.
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The data are being submitted to NCBI.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions; Prof. Fu-Sheng Yang for helping construct the phylogenetic trees; Dr. Gen-Shen Yin and Mrs. Ping Zhang for field assistance. This study was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30470131 and 39899400), the Hunan Provincial Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Ecology, and the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 08A046).
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Appendix
Appendix
Taxa sampled and their GenBank accession numbers for the trnL-F and ITS sequences. Only new sequences obtained in this study include voucher information.
Antennaria microphylla Rydberg, HM364534, HM244731; Anvillea garcinii subsp. radiata (Coss. and Durieu) Anderb., EF211058, EF210963; Arnica cordifolia Hook., EF104923, EF104922; Aster amellus L., JN543744, JN543742; Blumea balsamifera DC., EF211053, EF210958; Blumea densiflora DC., EF211029, EF210934; Footnote 1 Blumea purpurea (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) W. P. Li, LWP1205010 (HUUN); Blumea virens DC., EF211052, EF210957; Buphthalmum salicifolium L., EF211059, EF210964; Caesulia axillaris Roxb., EF211044, EF210949; Calendula officinalis L., JN315917, JN315941; Carpesium macrocephalum Franch. et Savat., FM997839, FM995368; Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. and Arn., GU817985, GU818511; Chrysanthemum indicum L., JN315916, JN315940; Chrysophthalmum gueneri Aytac and Anderb., FM997842, FM995370; Dichrocephala auriculata (Thunb.) Druce, JN315895, JN315919; Duhaldea eupatorioides (DC.) Steetz, EF211056, EF210961; Duhaldea nervosa (Wallich ex Candolle) Anderberg, EF211027, EF210932; Duhaldea rubricaulis (Wall. ex DC.) Anderb., FM997844, FM995372; Erato polymnioides DC., GU817999, AF539949; Eupatorium serotinum Michx., GU818001, DQ236176; Flaveria pubescens Rydb., DQ122575, DQ122498; Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir., JN315896, JN315920; Helenium autumnale L., GU818007, GU818553; Helianthus tuberosus L., GU818008, AF047953; Inula confertiflora A.Rich., FM997847, FM995375; Inula helenium L., FM997850, FM995377; Iphiona aucheri (Boiss.) Anderb., FM997855, FM995382; Iphiona senecionoides (Baker) Anderb., FM997858, FM995385; Lactuca canadensis L., GU818025, GU818575; Laggera alata (D. Don) Sch.-Bip. ex Oliv., EF211025, FJ980335; Lifago dielsii Schweinf. and Muschl., FM997860, FM995386; Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort., FM997861, FM995387; Merrittia benguetensis (Elmer) Merr., EF211050, EF210955; Pentanema indicum (Linn.) Ling, EF211048, EF210953; Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G.Don, EU385104, AF437851; Polymnia canadensis L., GU818051, AF465876; Printzia polifolia (L.) Hutch., AF098816, FJ457927; Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’ Arcy, EF211021, EF210926; Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh., FM997870, FM995395; Senecio squalidus L., JN790007, JN789909; Stenachaenium campestre Baker, EF211026, EF210931; Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel., GU818102, AY142949.
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Li, WP., Qian, FM., Yang, XL. et al. Systematic position of Cyathocline Cass. (Asteraceae): evidences from molecular, cytological and morphological data. Plant Syst Evol 300, 595–606 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0905-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0905-8