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The Lucilia group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae): phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations based on molecular and morphological evidence

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Abstract

The Lucilia group sensu Anderberg and Freire comprises nine South American genera: Belloa, Berroa, Chevreulia, Cuatrecasasiella, Facelis, Gamochaetopsis, Jalcophila, Lucilia and Luciliocline. The aims of this contribution were, using DNA sequences from plastid (rpl32-trnL, trnL-F) and nuclear (ITS and ETS) markers, together with morphological characters, to test the monophyly of the Lucilia group and provide new insight into generic circumscriptions. Our studies, including a broad taxon sampling of Gnaphalieae species, suggest that the Lucilia group is paraphyletic, since Antennaria, Chionolaena, Gamochaeta, Loricaria, Micropsis, Mniodes and Stuckertiella are all nested within the Lucilia group. Morphology and molecular analyses combined showed that the traditional generic circumscription of most of the genera (e.g., Berroa, Chevreulia, Chionolaena, Cuatrecasasiella, Facelis, Jalcophila and Micropsis) correlates with the inferred phylogenetic relationships. Conversely, Lucilia and Luciliocline are non-monophyletic. Lucilia is nested in a clade with Berroa, Facelis and Micropsis. Luciliocline is strongly embedded within the clade Belloa pp + Mniodes. Our results are consistent with Dillon’s study that considered Belloa as a montotypic genus (B. chilensis). Luciliocline and the remaining species of Belloa are accommodated in the genus Mniodes, and the necessary combinations are proposed for the expanded Mniodes. All the analyses showed that the monotypic genera Stuckertiella and Gamochaetopsis are in a well-supported clade nested within Gamochaeta, which implies that taxonomic changes are required also for these genera. Internal relationships in the group and the key morphological characters used in the taxonomy of the group, as well as incongruences found between morphological and molecular analyses, are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

We give special thanks to reviewers for critical reading of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Cecilia Ezcurra (BCRU), Néstor Bayón (LPAG), Andreas Tribsch (SZU), and Juan C. Ospina (SI) for providing us materials of Belloa chilensis, Gamochaetopsis alpina, Gnaphalium uliginosum, and Loricaria colombiana, respectively. We also appreciate the help of the curator of the herbaria BCRU, BHCB, CONC, LP, LPAG, LPB, SZU, MO, SI, SPF for permitting access to their collections. Thanks are due to Jorge A. Hurst for some DNA extractions. Also thanks to Fernando O. Zuloaga, Mauricio Bonifacino, Marcelo Baeza, Juan C. Ospina, and Néstor Bayón, for permission to use their photographs included in Figs. 4 and 5. The research and fieldwork to NW Argentina and Northern Bolivia were supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina (PIP 112-200801-02196).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion-CONICET, Labardén 200, CC 22, B1642 HYD, San Isidro, Argentina

    Susana E. Freire & Estrella Urtubey

  2. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”-CONICET, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. Amelia Chemisquy

  3. Swedish Musem of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

    Arne A. Anderberg

  4. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, CC 10077, La Paz, Bolivia

    Stephan G. Beck & Rosa I. Meneses

  5. Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Rua Do Matão, Travessa 14 no 321, Cidade Universatária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil

    Benoît Loeuille

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  1. Susana E. Freire
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Correspondence to Susana E. Freire.

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Freire, S.E., Chemisquy, M.A., Anderberg, A.A. et al. The Lucilia group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae): phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations based on molecular and morphological evidence. Plant Syst Evol 301, 1227–1248 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1147-0

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