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Cyanolichens

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Abstract

Cyanolichens are obligate symbioses between fungi and cyanobacteria. In these associations the cyanobacterial symbiont can either be the sole photosynthetic partner or a secondary symbiont in addition to a primary green algal photobiont. Lichen-symbiotic cyanobacteria can provide both photosynthate and fixed nitrogen to their symbiotic partners and the relative importance of these functions varies in different types of cyanolichens. Cyanolichens occur in many types of terrestrial environments ranging from arctic tundra and semi-deserts to tropical montane rainforests. As symbiotic cyanobacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, cyanolichens contribute significant amounts of nitrogen to some ecosystems. Many of them have been adversely affected by habitat loss and other human induced environmental changes and some species are used as biological indicators of air quality and/or habitat continuity.

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    Jouko Rikkinen

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Rikkinen, J. Cyanolichens. Biodivers Conserv 24, 973–993 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0906-8

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