Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Taxonomic clarification of two Cercospora spp. causing leaf spots on Neomarica spp. in Brazil

  • Published:
European Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Neomarica is a genus of the Iridaceae with several ornamental species, including Neomarica caerulea (walking iris) and N. longifolia (yellow iris). Little is known about fungal diseases of members of the genus Neomarica. In June 2017, N. longifolia plants growing in a garden at Antonio Carlos were observed bearing leaf spots symptoms. A cercosporoid hyphomycete was associated with the necrotic tissues. It was conjectured that the fungus involved might be the same described causing leaf spots on N. caerulea in Brazil. Examination of the type of the species concerned (Cercospora neomaricae) revealed that this specimen was in very poor condition and inadequate for comparison. This prompted us to re-collect the fungus from the type locality for epitypification. Besides designating an epitype, a pure culture of C. neomaricae was obtained (ex-epitype culture) and a molecular study of this isolate together with the molecular and morphological analysis of the fungus on N. longifolia was performed. The fungus on N. longifolia was found to be morphologically and genetically clearly distinct from C. neomaricae. Analyses of the ITS, CAL and ACT regions indicated that the fungus on N. longifolia belongs to the Cercospora sp. H, which is an unresolved species complex, including several isolates obtained from various hosts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  • Albu, S., Schneider, R. W., Price, P. P., & Doyle, V. P. (2016). Cercospora cf. flagellaris and Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae are associated with Cercospora leaf blight and purple seed stain on soybean in North America. Phytopathology, 106, 1376–1385.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfieri, S. A., Jr., Langdon, K. R., Wehlburg, C., & Kimbrough, J. W. (1984). Index of plant diseases in Florida (Revised). Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville Bull, 11, 1–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariyawansa, H. A., Hawksworth, D. L., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. G., Maharachchikumbura, S. S., Manamgoda, D. S., & Xu, J. C. (2014). Epitypification and neotypification: Guidelines with appropriate and inappropriate examples. Fungal Diversity, 69, 57–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhshi, M. (2019). Epitypification of Cercospora Rautensis, the causal agent of leaf spot disease on Securigera Varia, and its first report from Iran. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 3, 157–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhshi, M., Arzanlou, M., Babai-Ahari, A., Groenewald, J. Z., Braun, U., & Crous, P. W. (2015). Application of the consolidated species concept to Cercospora spp. from Iran. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 34, 65–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhshi, M., Arzanlou, M., Babai-Ahari, A., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2018). Novel primers improve species delimitation in Cercospora. IMA Fungus, 9, 299–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, U., Crous, P. W., & Nakashima, C. (2014). Cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae) 2. Species on monocots (Acoraceae to Xyridaceae, excluding Poaceae). IMA Fungus, 5, 203–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carbone, I., & Kohn, L. M. (1999). A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia, 91, 553–556.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chupp, C. (1954). A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. New York: Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crous, P. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Mansilla, J. P., Hunter, G. C., & Wingfield, M. J. (2004). Phylogenetic reassessment of Mycosphaerella spp. and their anamorphs occurring on eucalyptus. Studies in Mycology, 50, 195–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crous, P. W., Schoch, C. L., Hyde, K. D., Wood, A. R., Gueidan, C., de Hoog, G. S., & Groenewald, J. Z. (2009a). Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales. Studies in Mycology, 64, 17–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crous, P. W., Summerell, B. A., Carnegie, A. J., Wingfield, M. J., Hunter, G. C., Burgess, T. I., Andjic, V., Barber, P. A., & Groenewald, J. Z. (2009b). Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera? Persoonia, 23, 99–118.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edgar, R. C. (2004). MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792–1797.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farr, D.F., Rossman, A.Y. (2018). Fungal databases, systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory, ARS, USDA. Available at: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/. Accessed 10 Nov 2018.

  • Gil, A. D. S. B., Hall, C. F., Koch, A. K., Bittrich, V., & Do Amaral, M. D. C. E. (2017). Two new species of Neomarica (Trimezieae, Iridoideae, Iridaceae) from Southeast Brazil. Phytotaxa, 299, 199–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald, M., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2005). Distinct species exist within the Cercospora apii morphotype. Phytopathology, 95, 951–959.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald, M., Groenewald, J. Z., Braun, U., & Crous, P. W. (2006). Host range of Cercospora apii and C. beticola and description of C. apiicola, a novel species from celery. Mycologia, 98, 275–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Braun, U., & Crous, P. W. (2010). Cercospora speciation and host range. In R. T. Lartey, J. J. Weiland, L. Panella, P. W. Crous, & C. E. Windels (Eds.), Cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet and related species (pp. 21–37). Minnesota: APS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald, J. Z., Nakashima, C., Nishikawa, J., Shin, H. D., Park, J. H., Jama, A. N., Groenewald, M., Braun, U., & Crous, P. W. (2013). Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses. Studies in Mycology, 75, 115–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guatimosim, E., Schwartsburd, P. B., Barreto, R. W., & Crous, P. W. (2017). Novel fungi from an ancient niche: Cercosporoid and related sexual morphs on ferns. Persoonia, 37, 106–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillin, E. A., de Oliveira, L. O., Grijalba, P. E., & Gottlieb, A. M. (2017). Genetic entanglement between Cercospora species associating soybean purple seed stain. Mycological Progress, 16, 593–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hepperle, D. (2011). DNA dragon 1.4.1 - DNA sequence Contig assembler software. Available at: www.dna-dragon.com. Accessed 16 Nov 2017.

  • Hyde, K. D., & Zhang, Y. (2008). Epitypification: Should we epitypify? Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, 9, 842–846.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inácio, A. C., Rezende, A. L. P. S., Kowata-Dresch, L. S., & Pimentel, J. P. (2017). Techniques for inoculation of Sclerotium rolfsii on Neomarica longifolia and Evolvulus pusillus in Brazil. EC Microbiology, 9, 104–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzi, H. (2013). Plantas para jardim no Brasil: Herbáceas, arbustivas e trepadeiras. Nova Odessa: Editora Plantarum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macedo, D. M., & Barreto, R. W. (2008). Cercospora neomaricae sp. nov. causing leaf spots on Neomarica caerulea. Australasian Plant Pathology, 37, 581–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, M. A., Pfeiffer, W., & Schwartz, T. (2010). Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE) (pp. 1–8). New Orleans.

  • Nguanhom, J., Cheewangkoon, R., Groenewald, J. Z., Braun, U., To-Anun, C, & Crous, P. W. (2015). Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cercospora spp. from Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa, 233, 27–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nylander, J.A. (2004) MrModelTest ed. 2.2. Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala.

  • Paula, M. G., Barreto, R. W., & Ferreira, B. W. (2018). First report of Botrytis cinerea causing gray mould on Neomarica longifolia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 13, 21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, J. M., Barreto, R. W., Ellison, C. A., & Maffia, L. A. (2003). Corynespora cassiicola f. sp. lantanae: a potential biocontrol agent for Lantana camara from Brazil. Biological Control, 26, 21–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinho, D. B., Firmino, A. L., Pereira, O. L., & Ferreira Junior, W. G. (2012). An efficient protocol for DNA extraction from Meliolales and the description of Meliola centellae sp. nov. Mycotaxon, 122, 333–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, R.W. (1970). A mycological colour chart. CMI and British Mycological Society, Kew.

  • Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., et al. (2012). MrBayes v. 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soares, A. P. G., Guillin, E. A., Borges, L. L., da Silva, A. C., de Almeida, Á. M., Grijalba, P. E., Gottlieb, A. M., Bluhm, B. H., & de Oliveira, L. O. (2015). More Cercospora species infect soybeans across the Americas than meets the eye. PLoS One, 10, e0133495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stamatakis A, (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22 (21):2688-2690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 2731–2739.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications (pp. 315–322). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES for financial support of the work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil

    Bruno W. Ferreira, Matheus G. de Paula, María del Carmen H. Rodríguez & Robert W. Barreto

Authors
  1. Bruno W. Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Matheus G. de Paula
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. María del Carmen H. Rodríguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Robert W. Barreto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert W. Barreto.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Research involving human participants and/ or animals

This publication does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ferreira, B.W., de Paula, M.G., Rodríguez, M.d.C.H. et al. Taxonomic clarification of two Cercospora spp. causing leaf spots on Neomarica spp. in Brazil. Eur J Plant Pathol 155, 697–705 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01805-z

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01805-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation