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Pathogenicity and symptomatology of Apoharknessia eucalyptorum on leaves and stems of Eucalyptus and Corymbia

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Abstract

Apoharknessia eucalyptorum is associated with leaf spots on Eucalyptus dunnii in Southern Brazil; however, no data about its symptoms and severity are currently available. In this study, inoculation, symptomatology, and severity on leaves and stems of E. dunnii and leaves of Corymbia citriodora are analyzed and discussed. Detached and intact seedling leaves and seedling stems, with and without wounds, were inoculated with A. eucalyptorum. The severity of leaves was assessed based on the lesion area, whereas the severity on stems was considered by the size of the lesions. After inoculation, the following symptoms were observed on leaves with and without lesions: brown, circular or irregular lesions, occurring along the leaf margins, sparsely distributed, or coalescing throughout the leaf blade. The severity on detached leaves ranged from 13 to 63 % on E. dunnii and from 30 to 38 % on C. citriodora, whereas on intact seedling leaves the severity was observed only on wounded tissues, with 11.90 % on E. dunnii and 19.63 % on C. citriodora. Only inoculated stems of E. dunnii with wounds showed signs of the pathogen. This study confirms the pathogenicity of A. eucalyptorum on both E. dunnii and C. citriodora, a new host for the disease, and concludes that although the pathogen can be considered a primary pathogen based on detached leaf inoculations, the infection on non-wounded tissues is limited. Thus, the distribution of A. eucalyptorum and the possible impacts of the pathogen on Eucalyptus spp. plantations should be monitored.

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Data Availability

The datasets of the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The present study was carried out with the support of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Brazil. The authors thank KLABIN S.A. for financial and research support. We acknowledge Prof. Dr. Annette Otte for providing the Corymbia citriodora leaves for the inoculations in Giessen. Special thanks to M.Sc. Matteo Galli and M.Sc. Shaoshuai Liu for the assistance with the DNA, data analysis. Grateful thanks to Ute Micknass and Eugen Swidtschenko for the help and guidance in laboratory procedures. We thank the Ph.D. student Engie Martiny for the support to obtain the epifluorescent microscope images. We are thankful to Dr. Evelyn R. Nimmo for reviewing the English of the manuscript.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Forestry Sciences, Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, BR 153, Km 7, Irati, PR, 84500-000, Brazil

    Alexandre Techy de Almeida Garrett, Afonso Figueiredo Filho, Evandro Vagner Tambarussi, Mariane Bueno de Camargo & Flávio Augusto de Oliveira Garcia

  2. Justus Liebig University, Institute of Phytopathology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany

    Jafargholi Imani & Karl-Heinz Kogel

  3. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111, Cx.Postal 319, GuaraitubaColombo, PR, 83411-000, Brazil

    Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos

  4. Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Evandro Vagner Tambarussi

  5. KLABIN S.A., Avenida Brasil, 26, Harmonia, Telêmaco Borba, PR, 84275-000, Brazil

    Mariane Bueno de Camargo

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  1. Alexandre Techy de Almeida Garrett
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Correspondence to Alexandre Techy de Almeida Garrett.

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Alexandre Techy de Almeida Garrett and Jafargholi Imani shared first authorship.

Afonso Figueiredo Filho and Karl-Heinz Kogel Project supervisors.

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de Almeida Garrett, A.T., Figueiredo Filho, A., Imani, J. et al. Pathogenicity and symptomatology of Apoharknessia eucalyptorum on leaves and stems of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. Eur J Plant Pathol 168, 207–223 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-023-02746-4

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