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Sources, selection and breeding of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) race 4 (FOV4) resistance in Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotton

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Abstract

Diseases such as Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (FOV), a soil borne fungal pathogen, represent expanding threats to cotton (Gossypium spp.) production around the world. For over a decade, FOV race 4 (FOV4) has adversely impacted cotton production in California’s San Joaquin Valley causing plant wilt and death. With this disease formally identified in 2019 in New Mexico and in 2017 in El Paso, TX region in proximity to the High Plains of west Texas—the largest Upland cotton producing region in the USA, the need to expand the genetic base of Upland (G. hirsutum L.) cotton and develop cultivars resistant/tolerant to FOV4 has become urgent. Our previous research in Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton identified high levels of resistance to FOV4 in ‘Pima S-6’ germplasm, and our program publicly released Pima germplasm with improved FOV4 resistance. However, the search for resistant Upland cotton has proved more challenging compared to the effort in Pima. More than 1000 Upland accessions from the USDA-ARS Cotton Germplasm Collection were evaluated for reaction to FOV4 in artificial-greenhouse conditions and in naturally infested grower fields. Less than 0.1% of the tested accessions were selected to develop highly resistant FOV4 progeny. Two sources (NM12Y1004–NM12Y1005 and SA-3208) of Asiatic breeding origin were identified with tolerance to FOV4 and used to introgress and increase resistance. Pedigree information from other parental lines used to develop progeny revealed their sources to be exotic and wild Upland germplasm. That is triple/multiple crosses included the origin of these obsolete SA cultivars ‘Auburn M’, ‘DES 920’, ‘MARSPD202085’, ‘S.N.0503-1’, PD 2165, and ‘Stoneville 14’, among others. A range of severity of foliar symptoms, vascular root staining, and plant mortality occurred in the infested fields based on tested accessions and observations of susceptible germplasm/cultivar-checks, indicating moderate to severe inoculum levels with the sites. Many FOV4 infected Upland cultivars typically showed fewer leaf symptoms and much lower plant mortality in early stages of the disease compared to Pima cultivars. The inheritance of FOV4 resistance/tolerance in Upland cotton ranges from recessive to intermediate, unlike in Pima cotton where resistance seems to be dominant or more complete in the host plant. Highly resistant/tolerant Upland breeding lines were developed from this breeding research effort and will be publicly released to reduce the vulnerability of the cotton industry to this pathogen.

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Acknowledgements

In memory of Mark Watte, cotton grower in California and industry leader in many aspects of their response to the threat of Fusarium. Special thanks to the California Cotton Ginners & Growers Association for its immense moral and economic support to this research effort. The authors would also like to offer their appreciation and heartfelt thanks to the many individuals (students, postdocs, research associates and technicians), too numerous to name who contributed invaluable service, support and help, without which this research effort would have been much less fruitful. The authors would also like to thank D. Laumbach, J. Sanchez, and students working at the USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX for assisting in developing the populations. This study was funded by USDA-ARS (Projects 3096-21000-019-00-D and 3096-21000-022-00-D, MU) and Cotton Incorporated (CA State Support Committee), Cary, NC (Projects MU). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture or University of California. The U. S. Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Funding

This long-term of studies was funded by USDA-ARS (Projects 3096-21000-019-00 and 3096-21000-022-00-D, MU) and; The university of California Davis and the Univ. of CA Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources (ANR) – UC-ANR Research and Extension Centers, West Side, Five Points, CA and Kearney Research and Extension Center, Parlier CA; Industry support and funding was provided by the California Cotton Ginners and Growers Association and Growers Association, California Cotton Alliance; Univ. of California Riverside, cooperative Research Agreement with Cotton Incorporated and a University of California Discovery Grant (PAR); Cotton Incorporated (CA and TX State Support Committees), Cary, NC (Projects; 5303-05-00 0029833; 58-3096-002, 042, -009, 047 MU) with facility support from the Shafter Research Station of the San Joaquin Valley Quality Cotton Growers Association.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research, USDA-ARS, PA, CSRL, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA

    Mauricio Ulloa

  2. Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Robert B. Hutmacher & TariLee Schramm

  3. West Side Research and Extension Center, Five Points, CA, USA

    Robert B. Hutmacher & TariLee Schramm

  4. Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA

    Margaret L. Ellis

  5. Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, USA

    Robert Nichols

  6. Department of Nematology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA

    Philip A. Roberts

  7. University of California, Cooperative Extension, Tulare, CA, 93274, USA

    Steven D. Wright

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  1. Mauricio Ulloa
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Correspondence to Mauricio Ulloa.

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Supplementary Figure S1

Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) race 4 (FOV4) cotton plant infection (A) foliar symptoms (FS) on the scale 0 to 5 and (B) vascular root staining (VRS) on the scale 0 to 5 from an artificial inoculation greenhouse evaluation (TIFF 2151 kb)

Supplementary Figure S2

Mean of foliar symptoms (FS) and vascular root staining (VRS) of parents and F1 populations from an artificial Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) race 4 (FOV4) inoculation (106) greenhouse evaluation. Entries tested with FOV4 known disease response: susceptible Pima-S7 (PS7), and resistant Phytogen 800 (PHY800) and Pima-S6 (PS6). VRS and FS Scale 1 (no symptoms) to 5 (plant death) (TIFF 785 kb)

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Ulloa, M., Hutmacher, R.B., Schramm, T. et al. Sources, selection and breeding of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) race 4 (FOV4) resistance in Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotton. Euphytica 216, 109 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02643-5

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