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Concise review of the species Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand

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Abstract

Pterocladiella capillacea is a well-known source of high quality bacteriological and pharmaceutical grade agar and agarose, being economically exploited in few countries. From current knowledge all raw material is collected from wild populations that are being overharvested. This resulted in a biomass shortage, and consequently the wholesale prices peaked in the last years and the future of this industry is uncertain. It is also recognized that, to date, there is not any known commercial cultivation of this species, mostly due to its slow growth. Ecologically, P. capillacea fronds act as nurseries and as a macroalgal habitat for several marine invertebrates and are an “hot spot” for opportunistic bacteria. In addition, algal fronds or parts of them are directly used as food by several marine grazers (e.g. turtles, fishes, gastropods and sea urchins). The present work compiles and updates the published information on P. capillacea biology, ecology and biotechnological potential and presents a concise review on the species distribution, morphology, anatomy, ecology, life history, productivity, effect of ecological determinants, wild and cultured stocks, harvesting and utilization.

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Funding

Rita F. Patarra and Ana I. Neto benefited from the projects UID/BIA/00329/2013, 2015–2018 and UID/BIA/00329/2019 and DRCT-M1.1.a/005/Funcionamento-C/2016. Leonel Pereira had the support of Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2019 granted to MARE.

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  1. cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal

    R. F. Patarra & A. I. Neto

  2. Centro i-mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile

    R. F. Patarra

  3. School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia

    C. Iha

  4. Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456, Coimbra, Portugal

    L. Pereira

  5. MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal

    L. Pereira

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Patarra, R.F., Iha, C., Pereira, L. et al. Concise review of the species Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand. J Appl Phycol 32, 787–808 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-02009-y

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