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Phytochemistry and bioactivity of Acacia sensu stricto (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)

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Abstract

Acacia sensu lato (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) was recently retypified and divided into five genera worldwide: Acacia, Acaciella, Mariosousa, Senegalia and Vachellia. Acacia sensu stricto is now considered to be a large genus of predominantly Australian origin comprising seven sections: Acacia, Alatae, Botrycephalae, Juliflorae, Lycopodiifoliae, Plurinerves and Pulchellae. This review presents an overview of the current taxonomy of A. sensu stricto and the natural products isolated and identified from it. Further, the traditional uses of different species and known bioactivities of isolated natural products are summarised. The flavonoids and tannins are the best studied classes of natural products from Acacia with characteristic hydroxylation patterns of flavonoids isolated from the heartwood of species positioned in different sections of the genus. These compounds display a range of activities including antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial effects. Peltogynoid compounds, differing from other flavonoids by the presence of a fourth ring, have been isolated from a small group of species, however, their biological activities remain to be defined. Only a limited number of terpenes and steroids have been identified, but complex triterpenoid saponins with various bioactivities are present across various sections. Despite their economic importance and the traditional use, only a limited number of species have been thoroughly studied for their chemical composition. Further investigation of the sections Alatae and Lycopodiifoliae would be of interest for bioactive compound research as these sections are largely unexplored.

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*Lupenyl palmitate (186) was drawn with as C17 instead of C16 for palmitate and lupenyl cinnamate (187) was drawn as 7'-hydroxy cinnamate in Pereira et al. (1996)

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid

ACE:

Angiotensin converting enzyme

CP-MAS:

Cross polarization magic angle spinning

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

EC50 :

50% Effective concentration

ESI-MS:

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

EtOAc:

Ethyl acetate

IC50 :

50% Inhibitory concentration

MALDI-TOF-MS:

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry

MeOH:

Methanol

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

RP-HPLC:

Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography

Sect.:

Section

SSAO:

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase

Syn.:

Synonym

TEAC:

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity

XO:

Xanthine oxidase

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Acknowledgements

Diana Jæger was supported by a Ph.D. stipend provided by the University of South Australia as part of the Dual Ph.D. Programme with the University of Copenhagen. Financial support from the VILLUM Foundation to the VILLUM Center for “Plant Plasticity” (BLM) and from the Novo Nordisk Foundation to Center for “Desert loving therapeutics” (BLM, SJS) is greatly acknowledged. Denzel Murfet is thanked for allowing us to use his photographs of A. adoxa and A. pulchella.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia

    Diana Jæger, Philip Weinstein & Susan J. Semple

  2. Australian Bioactive Compounds Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Diana Jæger, Philip Weinstein & Susan J. Semple

  3. Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Diana Jæger & Birger Lindberg Møller

  4. State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Martin C. O’Leary

  5. School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Philip Weinstein

  6. VILLUM Center for “Plant Plasticity”, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Birger Lindberg Møller

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  1. Diana Jæger
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  2. Martin C. O’Leary
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  3. Philip Weinstein
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  4. Birger Lindberg Møller
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  5. Susan J. Semple
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susan J. Semple.

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Jæger, D., O’Leary, M.C., Weinstein, P. et al. Phytochemistry and bioactivity of Acacia sensu stricto (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). Phytochem Rev 18, 129–172 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9583-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9583-z

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