Abstract
The taxonomy and distribution of Entoloma species were extensively studied in Finland. The emphasis was on the ‘Rhodopolioid’ group, established here as subgenus Rhodopolia. Morphological examinations were accompanied by molecular methods with ITS and RPB2 sequences. Fifty-eight type specimens, including 12 from eastern North America, were examined and 42 of them were sequenced. E. rhodopolium is neotypified. Further, E. caccabus and E. subradiatum are lectotypified. Nine species are described as new: E. boreale, E. eminens, E. lupinum, E. palustre, E. paragaudatum, E. radicipes, E. rivulare, E. serpens, all belonging to subg. Rhodopolia, and the unique E. mirum, which has both pink and dark brown fruitbodies. E. majaloides and E. sericatum were found to be highly morphologically and genetically variable, and to occur in various habitats, from lowlands to the alpine zone. Generally, the macromorphological and micromorphological features often showed considerable intraspecific variation. Several species were found to be synonymous.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bahram M, Polme S, Koljalg U, Zarre S, Tedersoo L (2012) Regional and local patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure along an altitudinal gradient in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. New Phytol 193(2):465–473. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03927.x
Baroni TJ, Matheny PB (2011) A re-evaluation of gasteroid and cyphelloid species of Entolomataceae from Eastern North America. Harv Pap Bot 16(2):293–310. doi:10.3100/0.25.016.0205
Baroni TJ, Hofstetter V, Largent DL, Vilgalys R (2011) Entocybe is proposed as a new genus in the Entolomataceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence. North Am Fungi 6(12):1–19. doi:10.2509/naf2011.006.012
Battarra GA (1755) Fungorum Agri Ariminensis Historia. Faventiae
Britzelmayr M (1885–94) Hymenomyceten aus Südbayern. Bd.1–3. Augsburg
Co-David D, Langeveld D, Noordeloos ME (2009) Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae. Persoonia 23:147–176. doi:10.3767/003158509X480944
Dentinger BT, Didukh MY, Moncalvo JM (2011) Comparing COI and ITS as DNA barcode markers for mushrooms and allies (Agaricomycotina). PLoS ONE 6(9), E25081. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025081
Ebert H, Ludwig E, Rödig TH (1992) Neue oder seltene Arten aus der Gattung Entoloma. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 58(2):185–196
Eyssartier G, Noordeloos ME (2009) La Flora mycologique de Parc du Sausset (Sein-Saint-Denis, France). Deuxième contribution. Entoloma saussetiensis sp. nov. Bull Soc Mycol Fr 124(1–2):77–82
Favre J (1937) Champignons rares ou peu connus des hauts-marais jurassiens. Bull Trimest Soc Mycol Fr 53:271–296
Favre J (1955) Les champignons supérieurs de la zone alpine du parc national Suisse. Ergeb Wiss Unters schweiz Natl 33:1–212
Fries EM (1818) Observationes mycologicae 2:1–372. Hafniae
Fries EM (1821) Systema mycologicum 1:1–520. Lundae
Fries EM (1836) Spicilegium plantarum neglectarum. Decadem primam, Agaricos hyperhodios sistentem / praeside Elia Fries; p.p. Fransiscus Theodor. Noréus. Upsaliae
Fries EM (1838) Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici. Upsaliae
Fries EM (1867) Icon. Sel. Hymenomycetum nondum delineatorum. Holmiae
Fries EM (1874) Hymenomycetes europaei. Upsaliae
Fries EM (ed) (1878) Icon. Sel. Hymenomycetum nondum delineatorum 1. Holmiae
Hausknecht A, Noordeloos ME (1999) Neue oder seltene Arten der Entolomataceae (Agaricales) aus Mittel- und Südeuropa. Österr Z Pilzkd 8:199–221
He X-L, Li T-H, Xi P-G, Jiang Z-D, Shen Y-H (2013) Phylogeny of Entoloma s.l. subgenus Pouzarella, with descriptions of five new species from China. Fungal Divers 58:227–243
Hesler LR (1967) Entoloma (Rhodophyllus) in Southeastern North America. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 23:1–220
Hongo T (1959) Notes on Japanese larger fungi. J Japan Bot 34(8):239–246
Horak E (1962) Fragmenta mycologica 1. Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 28:14–20
Iotti M, Lancellotti E, Hall I, Zambonelli A (2010) The ectomycorrhizal community in natural Tuber borchii grounds. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 72(2):250–260. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00844.x
Kaldorf M, Renker C, Fladung M, Buscot F (2004) Characterization and spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizas colonizing aspen clones released in an experimental field. Mycorrhiza 14(5):295–306. doi:10.1007/s00572-003-0266-1
Kinoshita A, Sasaki H, Nara K (2012) Multiple origins of sequestrate basidiomes within Entoloma inferred from molecular phylogenetic analyses. Fungal Biol 116:1250–1262. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.09.006
Kokkonen K, Vauras J (2012) Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores. Mycol Prog 11(1):299–341. doi:10.1007/s11557-011-0783-9
Krieglsteiner GJ (1991) Über neue, seltene, kritische Macromyceten in Westdeutschland. II. Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze. Beitr Kenntnis Pilze Mitteleuropas 7:61–79
Krieglsteiner GJ (2003) Entolomataceae. In: Gminder A, Krieglsteiner GJ (eds) Die Grosspilze Baden-Württembergs, Bd 4, Ständerpilze: Blätterpilze II. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp 138–243
Kühner R (1977) Agaricales de la zone alpine. Genre Rhodophyllus Quélet. Bull Trimest Soc Mycol Fr 93(4):445–502
Kühner R, Romagnesi H (1953) Flore Analytique des Champignons Supérieurs. Paris
Kühner R, Romagnesi H (1954) Compléments à la “Flore analytique”. I. Espèces nouvelles ou critiques de Rhodophylles. Rev Mycol 19(1):3–46
Kühner R, Romagnesi H (1955) Compléments à la “Flore analytique”. II. Espèces nouvelles ou critiques de Rhodophylles. Rev Mycol 20(3):197–230
Küppers H (1999) DuMont's Farbenatlas, 7th edn. DuMont Buchverlag, Köln
Lange JE (1936) Flora Agaricina Danica, vol II. Copenhagen
Largent DL (1994) Entolomatoid fungi of the Western United States and Alaska. Mad River Press, Eureka
Largent DL, Bergemann SE, Cummings GA, Ryan KL, Abell-Davis SE, Moore S (2011) Pouzarella (Agaricales, Entolomataceae) species from New South Wales (Barrington Tops National Park) and northeastern Queensland, Australia. Mycotaxon 117:435–483. doi:10.5248/117.435
Linne C (1753) Species Plantarum. Holmiae
Ludwig E (2007) Pilzkompendium, Bd 2, Beschreibungen. Berlin
Møller FH (1945) Fungi of the Faeröes, part I, Basidiomycetes. Copenhagen
Morgado LN, Noordeloos ME, Lamoureux Y, Geml J (2013) Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses reveal species limits, phylogeographic patterns, and evolutionary histories of key morphological traits in Entoloma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Persoonia 31:159–178. doi:10.3767/003158513X673521
Morozova OV, Noordeloos ME, Vila J (2014) Entoloma subgenus Leptonia in boreal-temperate Eurasia: towards a phylogenetic species concept. Persoonia 32:141–169. doi:10.3767/003158514X681774
Moser MM (1980) Guida alla determinazione dei funghi. (Polyporales, Boletales, Agaricales, Russulales). Saturnia, Trento
Noordeloos ME (1979a) Entoloma subgenus Pouzaromyces emend. in Europe. Persoonia 10(2):207–243
Noordeloos ME (1979b) Type studies on entolomatoid species in the Velenovský herbarium–I. Persoonia 10(2):245–265
Noordeloos ME (1980a) Entoloma subgenus Nolanea in the Netherlands and adjacent regions with a reconnaissance of its remaining taxa in Europe. Persoonia 10(4):427–534
Noordeloos ME (1980b) Type studies on Entolomatoid species in the Velenovský herbarium–II. Persoonia 11(1):81–86
Noordeloos ME (1981a) Entoloma subgenera Entoloma and Allocybe in the Netherlands and adjacent regions with a reconnaissance of its remaining taxa in Europe. Persoonia 11:153–256
Noordeloos ME (1981b) Introduction to the taxonomy of the genus Entoloma sensu lato (Agaricales). Persoonia 11:121–151
Noordeloos ME (1981c) Notes on Entoloma (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) in Inari Lapland, northernmost Finland. Rep Kevo Subarct Res Stn 17:32–40
Noordeloos ME (1982) Notes on Entoloma. New and rare species of Entoloma from Scandinavia. New names and combinations. Nord J Bot 2:155–162
Noordeloos ME (1984) Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) in Greenland – I. The genus Entoloma. Persoonia 12(3):263–305
Noordeloos ME (1987) Entoloma (Agaricales) in Europe. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 91:1–419
Noordeloos ME (1988) Entoloma in North America. The species described by L. R. Hesler, A. H. Smith, and S. J. Mazzer: type-studies and comments. Fischer, Weinsberg
Noordeloos ME (1989) Bemerkungen über die Sektion Rhodopolia in Mitteleuropa. Beitr Kenntnis Pilze Mitteleuropas 5:41–50
Noordeloos ME (1992) Fungi Europaei, Entoloma s.l. Candusso, Saronno
Noordeloos ME (2004) Fungi Europaei, Entoloma s.l., Suppl. Candusso, Alassio
Noordeloos ME (2008) Entoloma in North America 2: the species described by C. H. Peck – type studies and comments. Österr Z Pilzkd 17:87–152
Noordeloos ME (2012) Entoloma (Fr.) P.Kumm. In: Knudsen H, Vesterholt J (eds) Funga Nordica. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, pp 517–576
Noordeloos ME, Gates GM (2012) The Entolomataceae of Tasmania. Springer, the Netherlands
Noordeloos ME, Gulden G (1989) Entoloma (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) of alpine habitats on Hardangervigga near Finse, Norway, with a key including species from Northern Europe and Greenland. Can J Bot 67:1727–1738
Noordeloos ME, Gulden G (2004) The genus Entoloma (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) on Svalbard. In: Cripps C (ed) Fungi in Forest Ecosystems: Systematics, Diversity, and Ecology. N Y Bot Gard, pp 97–106
Noordeloos ME, Liiv V (1992) New taxa of Entoloma (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) from Estonia and Karelia. Persoonia 15(1):23–31
Orton PD (1960) New check list of British Agarics and Boleti, part III (keys to Crepidotus, Deconica, Flocculina, Hygrophorus, Naucoria, Pluteus and Volvaria). Trans Br Mycol Soc 43(2):159–439
Orton PD (1969) Notes on British Agarics III. Notes Royal Bot Gard Edinb 29(1):75–127
Peck CH (1902) New species of fungi. Bull Torrey Bot Club 29:69–74
Peck CH (1904) Report of the state botanist 1903. Bull N Y State Mus 75:1–68
Peck CH (1909) New species of fungi. Bull Torrey Bot Club 36(3):153–157
Peck CH (1913) Report of the state botanist. 1912. Bull N Y State Mus 167:1–137
Pegler DN (1977) A preliminary Agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bull Add Ser 6:1–615
Romagnesi H (1974) Étude de quelques Rhodophylles. Travaux mycol. dédiés à R. Kühner. Num spéc Bull Soc Linn Lyon:365–387
Romagnesi H (1987) Sur les rhodophylles a lames adnées-décurrentes (Gen. Entoloma Fr. ss. Dilat., subgen. Eccilia Fr.). Bull Trimest Soc Mycol Fr 103(2):77–94
Roy M, Rochet J, Manzi S, Jargeat P, Gryta H, Moreau PA, Gardes M (2013) What determines Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal community diversity and specificity? A comparison of host and habitat effects at a regional scale. New Phytol 198(4):1228–1238
Suz LM, Barsoum N, Benham S et al (2014) Environmental drivers of ectomycorrhizal communities in Europe’s temperate oak forests. Mol Ecol 23(22):2628–5644
Tamura K, Stecher G, Petersen D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30:2725–2729
Tedersoo L, Mett M, Ishida TA, Bahram M (2013) Phylogenetic relationships among host plants explain differences in fungal species richness and community composition in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytol 199(3):822–831
Velenovský J (1939) Novitates Mycologicae. Prague
Vila J, Caballero F (2009) Entoloma nuevos o interesantes de la Península Ibérica (2). Fungi Non Delin 45:1–100
Vila J, Carbó J, Caballero F, Català S, Llimona X, Noordeloos ME (2013) A first approach to the study of the genus Entoloma subgenus Nolanea sensu lato using molecular and morphological data. Fungi Non Delin 66:3–62
Wölfel G, Noordeloos ME (1997) Entoloma ritae, eine neue rosafarbige Entoloma aus dem Trentin. Boll Gruppo Micol G Bresadola 40(2–3):491–495
Acknowledgments
Jean-Louis Cheype is thanked for donating part of the E. griseopruinatum isotype and Roberto Fernández Sasia for loaning part of the E. griseorugulosum isotype from private herbaria. The curators Bart Buyck (PC), Stefan Ekman (UPS), Karen Hansen (S), and other personnel are thanked for their help while visiting the herbaria. Likewise, the curators and personnel of the following herbaria are thanked for sending loans: AH, BR, C, G, K, M, NYS, O, PC, PRM, TENN, WU, and ZT. Ron Petersen is also thanked for sending the copies of Hesler’s Entoloma notes. Seppo Huhtinen is thanked for taking care of many loans and participating in the costs of DNA analyses for TUR. Jukka Vauras is thanked for invitations to some mushroom sites. P. Brandon Matheny is thanked for information concerning North American types and sharing an Entoloma photo. My employers in Metsähallitus, Kaisa Junninen and Tuula Kurikka, are thanked for offering jobs in great surroundings, where several rare Entoloma were found. Further, Kuopion Luonnonystäväin Yhdistys and Kuopio town are thanked for jobs in the valuable Antikkalanrinne meadow. Kuopion Luonnonystäväin Yhdistys financially supported the DNA analyses from the Betty Väänänen Fund. Xiao-Lan He and Genevieve Gates are thanked for reviewing the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Section Editor: Zhu-Liang Yang
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kokkonen, K. A survey of boreal Entoloma with emphasis on the subgenus Rhodopolia . Mycol Progress 14, 116 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1135-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1135-y