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Shackletonia cryodesertorum (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), a new species from the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) with notes on the biogeography of the genus Shackletonia

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Abstract

A new species of Shackletonia (Teloschistaceae) is described from the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica, one of the regions with the harshest conditions on Earth. Distinctive traits of the new taxon are the grey thallus, its black lecideine apothecia with a dark greenish blue exterior side of the exciple, Lecidea green pigment present at the cortex and exciple, emodin-dominated anthraquinones only in epithecium, and spores on average 11.2 × 6.0 μm with 3.6 μm wide septum. New chemical data from HPLC analyses further supports the uniqueness of the genus Shackletonia regarding secondary metabolite production within subfamily Xanthorioideae. Using three molecular markers (nrITS, nuLSU, and mtSSU) we found the new species sister to S. sauronii, a species so far known only from Livingston Island (Antarctica). Using secondary calibrations we inferred a long-time evolution of Shackletonia in the Southern Hemisphere, which separated from the remaining lineages of Xanthorioideae between the late Cretaceous and the early Paleogene, and diversified during the late Paleocene and early Oligocene.

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Acknowledgments

This work was made possible due to a SYNTHESYS scholarship, which is financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action (http://www.synthesys.info/), to the University of Copenhagen (DK-TAF-3064) to the first author. The study was also supported by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry grants CTM2012-38222-C02-02 and FPU AP2012-3556. SPO is supported by the grant RYC-2014-16784 from the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry. We are also grateful to T.G.A. Green, the New Zealand Antarctic Program, and the University of Waikato Antarctic Research Program by arranging and funding the expedition to Dry Valleys in which lichen samples were collected.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbial Ecology and Geomicrobiology Research Group, Department of Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC), C/Serrano 115-bis, Madrid, Spain

    Isaac Garrido-Benavent, Asunción de los Ríos Murillo & Sergio Pérez-Ortega

  2. Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark

    Ulrik Søchting

  3. Royal Botanical Garden (CSIC), Plaza Murillo 2, E-28014, Madrid, Spain

    Sergio Pérez-Ortega

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  1. Isaac Garrido-Benavent
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  2. Ulrik Søchting
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  3. Asunción de los Ríos Murillo
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  4. Sergio Pérez-Ortega
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Correspondence to Isaac Garrido-Benavent.

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Garrido-Benavent, I., Søchting, U., de los Ríos Murillo, A. et al. Shackletonia cryodesertorum (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), a new species from the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) with notes on the biogeography of the genus Shackletonia . Mycol Progress 15, 743–754 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1204-x

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