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Fungi from leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

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Abstract

In spite of the self-cleaning property of its leaves called the lotus effect, leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) provide a habitat for an unknown fungal diversity. The aim of this study was to detect and identify fungi from leaves of N. nucifera, including ectophytic, parasitic and endophytic fungi, in Taiwan using different collection strategies, as well as morphological and diverse molecular markers established in the different systematic groups of fungi. Among ectophytic and parasitic fungi, a new species of Dissoconium and of Pseudocercospora are described, respectively. Phyllosticta nelumbonis Sawada is transferred to Diaporthe. Among plant parasitic fungi, Erysiphe takamatsui and Ps. nymphaeacea are recorded in Taiwan for the first time. Euryale is recorded as a new host genus for Ps. nymphaeacea. The basidiomycetous yeast Fereydounia khargensis is recorded for the first time from living plants and in East Asia. Endophytic fungi from lotus were studied for the first time. From 1002 plant segments, 476 endophytic isolates were produced in culture, comprising 33 typical terrestrial species mainly belonging to the genera Colletotrichum (mainly C. siamense), Diaporthe (D. tulliensis and D. ueckerae) and Fusarium (F. solani species 6, hitherto known from clinical samples), as well as to Xylariaceae, but no Ingoldian fungi. Most isolates were from leaf laminas (71%) compared to those from petioles (29%). From this observation, we conclude that the fungi of the aquatic lotus plant appear to have terrestrial origin and, after dispersal by wind and in spite of the lotus effect, may enter the plant from the lamina. Only three species isolated as endophytes were also found as ectophytic or parasitic fungi.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Wei-An Liu for providing a sample and ITS sequence of Erysiphe takamatsui at National Central University (NCU, Taiwan) and other students at NCU for technical help in the lab, particularly Yu-Hung Yeh for dealing with sequencing of the protein genes. Dr. Chih-Hsiung Chen and Siou-Zhen Chen kindly provided assistance in collecting specimens in the Botanical Garden at Taichung, and Prof. Chee-Jen Chen collected and sent samples from Tainan, Prof. Dr. Wen-Feng Hsiao and colleagues are thanked for the opportunity to collect specimens at National Chiayi University, the Taipei City Government and Taipei Botanical Garden for collection permit, and the owners of tourist lotus ponds at Guanyin District (Taoyuan) for the opportunity to take samples. Dr. Takayuki Aoki and Dr. Yu-Ming Ju provided valuable hints for the identification of Fusarium species and Xylariaceae, respectively. We thank the curators of BPI and PPMH for the loan of specimens. Prof. Dr. Chenglin Hou (Capital Normal University, Beijing) helped us with the literature from mainland China. The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (former National Science Council) of Taiwan (NSC100-2621-B-008-001-MY3, NSC102-2621-B-008-001-MY3 and MOST 102-2621-B-008-001-MY3).

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  1. Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan

    Kuan-Ling Chen

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan

    Roland Kirschner

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This article is part of the “Special Issue on ascomycete systematics in honour of Richard P. Korf who died in August 2016”.

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Chen, KL., Kirschner, R. Fungi from leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Mycol Progress 17, 275–293 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1324-y

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