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Novelties in Lactifluus subg. Gymnocarpi (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from Brazilian tropical forests

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Abstract

Lactifluus is an ectomycorrhizal genus that occurs predominantly in the tropical and subtropical regions. In Brazil, knowledge of species diversity in Lactifluus is restricted to the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, and Caatinga biomes, where several species have been described in subgenera Lactariopsis and Pseudogymnocarpi. Until now, subg. Gymnocarpi was represented in Brazil only by Lf. panuoides. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, three novel species of Lf. subg. Gymnocarpi are described from Brazilian tropical forests: Lf. guttulatus, Lf. piperogalactus, and Lf. spathuliformis. Lactifluus lepus, originally described in the Caribbean, has been found in a dense ombrophilous forest of Amazon and is also described, illustrated, and discussed. A combined dataset of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) was analyzed. Based on phylogenetic and morphological data, the agaricoid sect. Piperogalacti is erected and the pleurotoid sect. Panuoidei is emended.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Central Experimental Multiusuário (CEM/UFABC) and Dr. Fabiane Trindade for the SEM images. We also thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-Brazil) for the PhD scholarships awarded to Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho. JMM is supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Royal Ontario Museum Governors.

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Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for funding the projects “Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade” (PPBio-CNPq/MCT Proc. 60/2009) and “Fungos agaricoides em áreas de Mata Atlântica e Caatinga no Estado da Paraíba” (Edital Universal Proc. 420.448/2016-0) and providing a “Produtividade em Pesquisa” (Proc. 307947/2017-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho, Iuri G. Baseia & Felipe Wartchow

  2. Departamento de Medicina veterinária-área de microbiologia, Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

    Mariana C. A. Sá

  3. Departamento de Biodiversidade (CBio), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Dirce L. Komura

  4. Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Iuri G. Baseia

  5. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil

    Paulo Marinho

  6. Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Jean-Marc Moncalvo

  7. Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier—CNRS, IRD, UMR 5174, Toulouse, France

    Mélanie Roy

  8. Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

    Felipe Wartchow

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  1. Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho
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  2. Mariana C. A. Sá
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  3. Dirce L. Komura
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  4. Iuri G. Baseia
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Contributions

Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho described the morphological characteristics of the specimens, ran the molecular analyzes, produced the figures and map, and wrote the manuscript. Mariana C. A. Sá, Dirce L. Komura, and Felipe Wartchow collected the samples and took the photos. Iuri G. Baseia, Paulo Marinho, Melanie Roy, and Jean-Marc Moncalvo made DNA sequences available. All reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho.

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Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sá, M.C.A., Komura, D.L. et al. Novelties in Lactifluus subg. Gymnocarpi (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from Brazilian tropical forests. Mycol Progress 20, 549–565 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01693-w

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