Abstract
Hydnum repando-orientale is an East Asian species closely related to H. boreorepandum and H. repandum; all three species produce edible mushrooms. We identified two ecological groups of H. repando-orientale in Japan: a temperate group occurring in Fagaceae-dominated forest at < 1200 m a.s.l. (ROF) and a subalpine group occurring in coniferous forest in highland at > 1900 m a.s.l. (ROC). We re-examined the taxonomy of the two ecological groups of H. repando-orientale using integrative approaches. Phylogenies of the two ecological groups and other related species were inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and gene portions encoding the large subunit of nc rRNA (LSU), translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2). The concatenated phylogenetic tree separated the two ecological groups into well-supported sister clades. Also, species delimitations based on the topological congruence (GCPSR) and coalescent models (GMYC and BP&P) supported to separate the two ecological groups. Morphological analysis showed that ROC specimens had significantly larger basidiospores, compared with ROF specimens. Mon-mon mating tests using six ROF, three ROC, and three H. boreorepandum strains each showed independent incompatible groups, whereas one ROC strain showed compatibility with both ROC and ROF populations. Based on these results, we defined the ROC group as a new species, H. subalpinum. Because H. repando-orientale and H. subalpinum have smaller genetic divergence in nc rDNA and maintain slight sexual compatibility, they may have recently speciated in East Asia.
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Data availability
Voucher specimens and culture collections have been deposited in the Tottori University Mycological Herbarium (TUMH), Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University. The newly generated sequences have been submitted in INSD with the accession numbers listed in Tables 2 and S2. The alignments for phylogenetic analyses are provided in Supplementary Data. All other data generated or analyzed in this research available from the corresponding author on requests.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. K. Hosaka (Department of Botany, Division of Fungi and Algae, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo) for the loan of specimens from the National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS), the Nagano Prefectural Government, the ministry of the Environment, and the Forestry Agency of Japan for the permissions of field research in special protection zones. We also thank A. Koyama and M. Shishikura for donation of the basidiomata collections and digital photographs. We thank the DNA Data Bank of Japan for nucleotide sequence submission and Fasmac Co., Ltd for technical support regarding DNA sequencing. This research was financially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20J20884 (Ryo Sugawara) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20J20884 (Ryo Sugawara) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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Ryo Sugawara, Naoki Endo, and Akira Nakagiri contributed to the study conception and design. Materials’ preparation was performed by Ryo Sugawara, Naoki Endo, Wataru Aoki, and Akiyoshi Yamada. Data collection and analyses were performed by Ryo Sugawara. The original draft of the manuscript was written by Ryo Sugawara and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Sugawara, R., Aoki, W., Yamada, A. et al. Ecological speciation of Japanese hedgehog mushroom: Hydnum subalpinum sp. nov. is distinguished from its sister species H. repando-orientale by means of integrative taxonomy. Mycol Progress 21, 94 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01844-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01844-7