Abstract
North-western India is well-known for its unique fungal biodiversity, especially for asexual Ascomycota. The present study introduces yet another new fungus from this region, characterized by forming unusual synnemata-like structures that give rise to pigmented dictyoconidia. Phylogenetic analyses, based on SSU, LSU, ITS, and TEF1α sequence data revealed that this unique synnematous fungus formed a distinct lineage within Lentitheciaceae. Groenewaldia gen. nov., based on Groenewaldia indica, is introduced here for this fungus isolated from the bark of Eucalyptus tereticornis collected in the Hoshiyarpur area of the state of Punjab. Groenewaldia is the first synnematous member of Lentitheciaceae, having dictyosporous conidia. Phylogenetically, Groenewaldia is distant from all known genera of Lentitheciaceae and forms a basal lineage adjacent to Pseudomurilentithecium.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All sequence data generated for this study can be accessed via GenBank. Taxonomy details are deposited in MycoBank (nomenclature is verified with Curator).
References
Ahmed SA, Van De Sande WWJ, Stevens DA, Fahal A, Van Diepeningen AD, Menken SBJ, De Hoog GS (2014) Revision of agents of black-grain eumycetoma in the order Pleosporales. Persoonia-Mol Phylogeny Evol Fungi 33(1):141–154. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684744
Albrectsen BR, Björkén L, Varad A, Hagner Å, Wedin M, Karlsson J, Jansson S (2010) Endophytic fungi in European aspen (Populus tremula) leaves—diversity, detection, and a suggested correlation with herbivory resistance. Fungal Divers 41(1):17–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-009-0011-y
Aljanabi SM, Martinez I (1997) Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high-quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4692–4693. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.22.4692
Aveskamp MM, De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JH, Verkley GJ, Crous PW (2010) Highlights of the Didymellaceae: a polyphasic approach to characterise Phoma and related pleosporalean genera. Stud Mycol 65(1):1–60. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2010.65.01
Calabon MS, Jones EG, Hyde KD, Boonmee S et al (2021) Phylogenetic assessment and taxonomic revision of Halobyssothecium and Lentithecium (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales). Mycol Prog 20(5):701–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01692-x
Câmara MP, Palm ME, van Berkum P, O’Neill NR (2002) Molecular phylogeny of Leptosphaeria and Phaeosphaeria. Mycologia 94(4):630–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833191
Chen Q, Jiang JR, Zhang GZ, Cai L, Crous PW (2015) Resolving the Phoma enigma. Stud Mycol 82:137–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.003
Crous PW, Lori MC, Alejandra G, Groenewald JZ, Hawksworth DL, Hemández-Restrepo M et al (2015a) The genera of fungi-fixing the application of the type species of generic names-G 2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia, Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia. IMA Fungus 1:163–198. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.11
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Cheewangkoon R, Carnegie AJ (2019) Foliar pathogens of eucalypts. Stud Mycol 94:125–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.001
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Guarro J, Hernández-Restrepo M, Sutton DA et al (2015b) Fungal planet description sheets: 320–370. Persoonia-Mol Phylogeny Evol Fungi 34(1):167–266
Dai D, Bhat DJ, Liu J, Chukeatirote E, Zhao R, Hyde KD (2012) Bambusicola, a new genus from bamboo with asexual and sexual morphs. Cryptogam Mycol 33(3):363–379. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v33.iss3.2012.363
Dayarathne MC, Wanasinghe DN, Jones EBG, Chomnunti P, Hyde KD (2018) A novel marine genus, Halobyssothecium (Lentitheciaceae) and epitypification of Halobyssothecium obiones comb. nov. Mycol Prog 17(10):1161–1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1432-3
De Gruyter J, Aveskamp MM, Woudenberg JH, Verkley GJ, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2009) Molecular phylogeny of Phoma and allied anamorph genera: towards a reclassification of the Phoma complex. Mycol Res 113(4):508–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2009.01.002
De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JH, Aveskamp MM, Verkley GJ, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2010) Systematic reappraisal of species in Phoma section Paraphoma, Pyrenochaeta and Pleurophoma. Mycologia 102(5):1066–1081. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-240
De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JHC, Aveskamp MM, Verkley GJM, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2013) Redisposition of Phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales. Stud Mycol 75(1):1–36. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0004
Denchev C (2011) New records of fungi, fungus-like organisms, and slime moulds from Europe and Asia: 20–27. Mycologia Balcanic 7(2–3):117–123
Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EH, Raja HA et al (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Haridas S, Albert R, Binder M, Bloem J, LaButti K et al (2020) 101 Dothideomycetes genomes: a test case for predicting lifestyles and emergence of pathogens. Stud Mycol 96(1):141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.01.003
Heredia GA, Arias RM, Reyes M (2000) Leaf litter fungi. Eight setose conidial species unknown from Mexico. Revista Mexicana De Micología 16:17–25
Hernandez-Restrepo M, Gené J, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Mena-Portales J, Crous PW, Guarro J (2017) Phylogeny of saprobic microfungi from Southern Europe. Stud Mycol 86(1):53–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.05.002
Hillebrand C (1907) Sonder-Abdrucke aus den Denkschriften der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. kk Hof-und Staatsdruckerei
Hirayama K, Tanaka K, Raja HA, Miller AN, Shearer CA (2010) A molecular phylogenetic assessment of Massarina ingoldiana sensu lato. Mycologia 102(3):729–747. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-230
von Höhnel F (1914) Fragmente zur Mykologie XVI (XVI. Mitteilung, Nr. 813 bis 875). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt i 123:49–155
von Höhnel F (1919) Fragmente zur Mykologie. XXIII Mitteilung, Nr. 1154 bis 1188. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt i 128:535–625
Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN, McKenzie EHC et al (2020) Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Mycosphere 11:1553–2107. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/13
Hou LW, Groenewald JZ, Pfenning LH, Yarden O, Crous PW, Cai L (2020) The phoma-like dilemma. Stud Mycol 96:309–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.001
Hyde KD, Chaiwan N, Norphanphoun C, Boonmee S, Camporesi E (2018) Mycosphere notes 169–224. Mycosphere 9(2):271–430. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/8
Hyde KD, Dong Y, Phookamsak R, Jeewon R et al (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276, taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 100:5–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5
Hyde KD, Hongsanan S, Jeewon R, Jayarama BD, McKenzie EHC, Gareth JEB, Phookamsak R (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367–490: taxonomic, phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 80:1–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x
Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, KoKo TW (2011) Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification – checklist and notes for 2010. Mycosphere 2:1–88
Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC, Jeewon R et al (2019) Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. Mycosphere 10:1–186. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/1
Kalyaanamoorthy S, Minh BQ, Wong TKF, von Haeseler A, Jermiin LS (2017) ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nat Methods 14:587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
Katoh K, Rozewicki J, Yamada KD (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Brief Bioinform 20:1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
Kirk P, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford
Knapp DG, Kovács GM, Zajta E, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2015) Dark septate endophytic pleosporalean genera from semiarid areas. Persoonia 35:87–100. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687669
Kodsueb R, Dhanasekaran V, Aptroot A, Lumyong S, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Jeewon R (2006) The family Pleosporaceae: intergeneric relationships and phylogenetic perspectives based on sequence analyses of partial 28S rDNA. Mycologia 98:571–583. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.98.4.571
Kornerup JH, Wanscher A (1978) Methuen handbook of colour. Eyre Methuen, London
Kruys Å, Eriksson OE, Wedin M (2006) Phylogenetic relationships of coprophilous Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), and the classification of some bitunicate taxa of unknown position. Mycol Res 110:527–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2006.03.002
Kruys Å, Wedin M (2009) Phylogenetic relationships and an assessment of traditionally used taxonomic characters in the Sporormiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), utilising multi-gene phylogenies. System. Biodivers. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200009990119
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Ladiges PY, Udovicic F, Nelson G (2003) Australian biogeographic connections and the phylogeny of large genera in the plant family Myrtaceae. J Biogeogr 30:989–998. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00881.x
Lanfear R, Frandsen PB, Wright AM, Senfeld T, Calcott B (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Mol Biol Evol 34:772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260
Li GJ, Hyde KD, Zhao RL, Hongsanan S, Abdel-Aziz FA et al (2016) Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 78:1–237
Liu ZP, Zhang SN, Cheewangkoon R, Zhao Q, Liu JK (2021) Crassoascoma gen. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales): unrevealing microfungi from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Diversity 14(1):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010015
Mercado Sierra A, Mena Portales J (1986) Hifomicetes de Topes de Collantes, Cuba I (Especies holoblásticas). Acta Bot Hungar 32(1–4):189–205
Minh BQ, Schmidt HA, Chernomor O, Schrempf D, Woodhams MD et al (2020) IQ-TREE2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol Biol Evol 37:1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015
Morgulis A, Coulouris G, Raytselis Y, Madden TL, Agarwala R, Schäffer AA (2008) Database indexing for production MegaBLAST searches. Bioinformatics 15:1757–1764. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn322
Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, Minh BQ (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. 32(1):268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
Old KM, Wingfield MJ, Yuan ZQ (2003) A manual of diseases of Eucalyptus in South-East Asia. Cifor.
Paz Z, Komon-Zelazowska M, Druzhinina IS, Aveskamp MM, Shnaiderman A et al (2010) Diversity and potential antifungal properties of fungi associated with a Mediterranean sponge. Fungal Divers 42(1):17–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0020-x
Phookamsak R, Manamgoda DS, Li WJ, Dai DQ, Singtripop C, Hyde KD (2015) Poaceascoma helicoides gen et sp. nov., a new genus with scolecospores in Lentitheciaceae. Cryptogam Mycol 36(2):225–236. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v36.iss2.2015.225
Qi S (2003) Brief introduction of eucalypt cultivation and utilization in China. In: Eucalypt Plantations; Research, Management and Development (R-P Wei, D Xu, eds.). World Scientific Singapore, pp 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704504_0003
Quaedvlieg WGJM, Verkley GJM, Shin HD, Barreto RW, Alfenas AC et al (2013) Sizing up Septoria. Stud Mycol 75(1):307–390. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0017
Rehner S (2001) Primers for Elongation Factor 1-a (EF1-a).NACSE. ORG/research/deephyphae. EF1primer. pdf.
Rehner SA, Samuels GJ (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycol Res 98:625–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80409-7
Ronquist F, Teslenko M, Van Der Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Höhna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP (2012) MrBayes 32 efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst Biol 61(3):539–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Sakayaroj J, Preedanon S, Supaphon O, Jones EG, Phongpaichit S (2010) Phylogenetic diversity of endophyte assemblages associated with the tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides in Thailand. Fungal Divers 42(1):27–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-009-0013-9
Sánchez Márquez S, Bills GF, Domínguez Acuña L, Zabalgogeazcoa I (2010) Endophytic mycobiota of leaves and roots of the grass Holcus lanatus. Fungal Divers 41(1):115–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-009-0015-7
Sánchez Márquez S, Bills GF, Zabalgogeazcoa I (2008) Diversity and structure of the fungal endophytic assemblages from two sympatric coastal grasses. Fungal Divers 33:87–100
Sankaran KV, Sutton BC, Minter D (1995) A checklist of fungi recorded on Eucalyptus (No. 170). CAB INTERNATIONAL.
SAR P, Zhang Y, Wang HK, Fournier J, Crous PW et al (2009) Towards a phylogenetic clarification of Lophiostoma/Massarina and morphologically similar genera in the Pleosporales. Fungal Divers. 225–251.
Schoch CL, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Boehm EWA, Burgess TI (2009) A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes. Stud Mycol 64(1):1–15
Schoch CL, Shoemaker RA, Seifert KA, Hambleton S, Spatafora JW, Crous PW (2006) A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci. Mycologia 98(6):1041–1052. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1041
Solomon PS, Lowe RGT, Tan K-C, Waters ODC, Oliver RP (2006) Stagonospora nodorum: cause of stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat. Mol Plant Pathol 7:147–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00326.x
Stamatakis A (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30:1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Suetrong S, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW, Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B et al (2009) Molecular systematics of the marine Dothideomycetes. Stud Mycol 64:155–173. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.09
Tanaka K, Harada Y (2005) Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (6). Katumotoa, a new genus of phaeosphaeriaceous ascomycetes. Mycoscience 46(5):313–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-005-0251-Y
Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Yonezawa H, Sato G, Toriyabe A et al (2015) Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Stud Mycol 82:75–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.002
Vaidya G, Lohman DJ, Meier R (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics 27:171–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00329.x
Verkley GJM, Dukik K, Renfurm R, Göker M, Stielow JB (2014) Novel genera and species of coniothyrium-like fungi in Montagnulaceae (Ascomycota). Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 32(1):25–51. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X679191
Vilgalys R, Hester M (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J Bacteriol 172:4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Vu D, Groenewald M, De Vries M, Gehrmann T, Stielow B et al (2019) Large-scale generation and analysis of filamentous fungal DNA barcodes boosts coverage for kingdom fungi and reveals thresholds for fungal species and higher taxon delimitation. Stud Mycol 92(1):135–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.05.001
Wanasinghe DN, Jones EG, Camporesi E, Boonmee S, Ariyawansa HA et al (2014) An exciting novel member of Lentitheciaceae in Italy from Clematis vitalba. Cryptogam Mycol 35(4):323–337. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v35.iss4.2014.323
Wanasinghe DN, Phukhamsakda C, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Lee HB et al (2018) Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae. Fungal Divers 89:1–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7
Wetzel HC III, Hulbert SH, Tisserat NA (1999) Molecular evidence for the presence of Ophiosphaerella narmari n. comb., a cause of spring dead spot of Bermuda grass, in North America. Mycol Res 103:981–989. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756298007977
White TJ, Bruns T, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ and White JW (eds): A Guide to Molecular Methods and Applications, Academic Press, New York: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LK, Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC et al (2020) Outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11(1):1060–1456
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Bhat DJ, Goonasekara ID, Nadeeshan D et al (2015) Additions to brown spored coelomycetous taxa in Massarinae, Pleosporales: introducing Phragmocamarosporium. gen nov and Suttonomyces gen nov. Cryptogam Mycol 36(2):213–224. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v36.iss2.2015.213
Wijayawardene NN, Wang Y, Schumacher RK, Camporesi E, Phukhamsakda C, Hyde KD (2018) Nomenclatural Novelties Index Fungorum 370:1–1
Xie N, Phookamsak R, Jiang H, Zeng YJ, Zhang H, Xu F, Lumyong S, Xu J, Hongsanan S (2022) Morpho-molecular characterization of five novel taxa in Parabambusicolaceae (Massarineae, Pleosporales) from Yunnan. China J Fungi 8(2):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020108
Xu L, Bao DF, Luo ZL, Su XJ, Shen HW, Su HY (2020) Lignicolous freshwater ascomycota from Thailand: phylogenetic and morphological characterisation of two new freshwater fungi: Tingoldiago hydei sp. nov. and T. clavata sp. nov. from Eastern Thailand. MycoKeys 65:119. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.49769
Yang Y, Zhang SN, Yu XD, Liu JK (2022) Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales) from bamboos in Sichuan province, China. Phytotaxa 560(3):263–273. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.1
Yuan Z, Druzhinina IS, Wang X, Zhang X, Peng L, Labbé J (2020) Insight into a highly polymorphic endophyte isolated from the roots of the halophytic seepweed Suaeda salsa: Laburnicola rhizohalophila sp. nov.(Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales). Fungal Biology 124(5):327–337. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.1
Zhang H, Dong W, Hyde KD, Bahkali AH, Liu JK, Zhou DQ, Zhang DI (2016) Molecular data shows Didymella aptrootii is a new genus in Bambusicolaceae. Phytotaxa 247(2):99–108. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.2.1
Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD (2012) Pleosporales. Fungal Divers 53:1–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0117-x
Zhang Y, Fournier J, Crous PW, Pointing SB, Hyde KD (2009a) Phylogenetic and morphological assessment of two new species of Amniculicola and their allies (Pleosporales). Persoonia 23:48–54. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X472187
Zhang Y, Fournier J, Pointing SB, Hyde KD (2008a) Are Melanomma pulvis-pyrius and Trematosphaeria pertusa congeneric. Fungal Divers 33:47–60
Zhang Y, Jeewon R, Fournier J, Hyde KD (2008b) Multi-gene phylogeny and morphotaxonomy of Amniculicola lignicola: a novel freshwater fungus from France and its relationships to the Pleosporales. Mycol Res 112:1186–1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2008.04.004
Zhang Y, Schoch CL, Fournier J, Crous PW, De Gruyter J et al (2008c) Multi-locus phylogeny of Pleosporales: a taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary re-evaluation. Stud Mycol 61(1):111–119
Zhang Y, Wang HK, Fournier J, Crous PW, Pointing SB, Hyde KD (2009b) Towards a phylogenetic clarification of Lophiostoma/Massarina and morphologically similar genera in the Pleosporales. Fungal Divers 38:225–251
Acknowledgements
RKC thanks Dr. P. K. Dhakephalkar, Director, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, for providing laboratory facilities and motivation in our work.
Funding
This research was funded by the SERB, DST, India, under the project CRG/2020/000668. Sruthi O. P. received financial support from the CSIR-HRDG, India, under the JRF fellowship (09/0670(13602)/2022-EMR-I).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualisation: Rajeshkumar K. C.; methodology: Rajeshkumar K. C., Onden Paraparath Sruthi; formal analysis and investigation: Rajeshkumar K. C., Onden Paraparath Sruthi, Pedro W. Crous (final tree analyses), Rajeshkumar K. C., Rajnish K. Varma, Onden Paraparath Sruthi, Ajay Kumar Gautam (collection, data, lab work, taxonomy, preliminary analyses); writing—original draft preparation: Rajeshkumar K. C., Onden Paraparath Sruthi, Pedro W. Crous; writing—review and editing: Rajeshkumar K. C., Pedro W. Crous, Rajnish K. Varma; funding acquisition: Rajeshkumar K. C.; resources: Rajeshkumar K. C.; supervision: Rajeshkumar K. C.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
This is an original research work and submitted to Mycological Progress for publication. Authors are adhered to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data. No data or theories by others are presented in this study.
Consent for publication
All authors agreed to publish this manuscript in mycological progress.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Section Editor: Tanay Bose
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Rajeshkumar, K.C., Varma, R.K., Sruthi, O.P. et al. Groenewaldia (Lentitheciaceae), a new corticolous fungal genus from India. Mycol Progress 22, 43 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-023-01888-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-023-01888-3