Abstract
Jasminum L. (Oleaceae) consists of \(\sim 200\) species that are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. In India, this genus is represented by ca 47 species of which 16 are endemic. Based on the nuclear (internal-transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA and chloroplast markers (matK, trnL-F and trnH-psbA), phylogenetic relationships in 22 species including one variety of Jasminum in India have been assessed. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses from individual markers, as well as from combined dataset, reveal that the group is monophyletic if Menodora spp. are excluded from the analyses. Our analyses recovered three strongly supported clades. Ancestral character state reconstruction of taxonomically useful characters (leaf forms, leaf arrangement and flower colour) which were used to demarcate sections within the genus reveals homoplasy. Our study suggests that after split from the last common ancestor, there have been at least four reversals to unifoliolate condition. Pinnately compound leaf form evolved at least twice and trifoliolate condition evolved one time only. Alternate leaf form evolved at least twice, once in clade 1 and once in clade 3 and all the time from ancestors having opposite leaf forms. Flower colour evolution clearly depicts that clade 1 is yellow-flowered and clades 2 and 3 have admixture of white and yellow-flowered Jasminum species. Our study suggests that yellow-flowered condition evolved from the white-flowered ancestor. The present study is first to estimate the evolutionary history of Indian Jasmines.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banfi E. 2014 Chrysojasminum, a new genus for Jasminum sect. Alternifolia (Oleaceae, Jasmineae). Nat. Hist. Sci. 1, 3–6.
De Candolle A. P. 1844 Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 8. Treuttel & Wfirtz, Paris.
Drummond A. J., Ashton B., Buxton S., Cheung M., Cooper A., Heled J., et al. 2010 Geneious v. 5.1, available at http://www.geneious.com.
Green P. S. 1969 Studies in the genus Jasminum L. IV. These so called new world species. Kew Bull. 23, 273–275.
Green P. S. 1997 A Revision of the Pinnate-leaved species of Jasminum. Studies in the genus Jasminum (Oleaceae): XV. Kew Bull. 52, 933–947.
Green P. S. 2001 Studies in the genus Jasminum, XVII: sections Trifoliolata and Primulina. Kew Bull. 56, 903–915.
Green P. S. 2003 A synopsis to the Oleaceae in the Indian subcontinent. Kew Bull. 98, 257–295.
Green P. S. 2004 Oleaceae. In Flowering plants, Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) (ed. J. W. Kadereit), vol. 7, pp. 296–306. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Green P. S. and Miller D. 2009 The genus Jasminum in cultivation. Kew Pub., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Hanelt P. 2001 Mansfeld’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), vol. 3, pp. 1710–1712. Springer Verlag, Germany.
Huelsenbeck J. P. and Crandall K. A. 1997 Phylogeny estimation and hypothesis testing using maximum likelihood. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28, 437–466.
Kim J. K. and Jansen R. K. 1998 Paraphyly of Jasminoideae and monophyly of Oleoideae in Oleaceae. Am. J. Bot. 85, 139.
Kim S. C., Chunghee L. and Mejías J. A. 2007 Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA matK gene and ITS of nrDNA sequences reveals polyphyly of the genus Sonchus and new relationships among the subtribe Sonchinae (Asteraceae: Cichorieae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44, 578–597.
Lanfear R., Frandsen P. B., Wright A. M., Senfeld T. and Calcott B. 2016 PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Mol. Biol. Evol. 34, 772–773.
Miller M. A., Pfeiffer W. and Schwartz T. 2010 Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA. pp. 1–8.
Murthy A. S. and Khanna K. R. 1971 A study of triploid Jasminum grandiflorum L. Curr. Sci. 40, 555–556.
Raizada U. and Nangia A. 1989 Cyclic nocturnal opening and abscission of Nyctanthes flowers with a note on visiting Thrips species. Curr. Sci. 58, 93–96.
Rambaut A., Suchrad M. A., Xie D. and Drummond A. J. 2014. Tracer v1.6; http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer.
Rao Y. R. and Rout P. K. 2003 Geographical location and harvest time dependent variation in the composition of essential oils of Jasminum sambac. (L.) Aiton. J. Essent. Oil Res. 15, 389–401.
Rohwer J. G. 1994 Seed characters in Jasminum (Oleaceae): unexpected support for De Candolle’s sections. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116, 299–319.
Rohwer J. G. 1995 Seed characters in Jasminum (Oleaceae), II. Evidence from additional species. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 117, 299–315.
Srivastava S. K. 2002 Threatened taxa of Jasminum L. in India. Phytotaxonomy 2, 94–99.
Stamatakis A. 2006 RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22, 2688–2690.
Stamatakis A., Hoover P. and Rougemont J. 2008 A rapid bootsrap algorithm for the RAxML Web Servers. Syst. Biol. 75, 758–771.
Taberlet P., Gielley L., Pautou G. and Bouvet J. 1991 Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol. Biol. 17, 1105–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00037152.
Taylor H. 1945 Chemotaxonomy and phylogeny of the Oleaceae. Brittonia 5, 337–367.
Thakur P. and Bhatnagar A. K. 2013 Pollination constraints in flowering plants – human actions undoing over hundred million year of co-evolution and posing an unprecedented threat to biodiversity. Int. J. Reprod. Biomed. 5, 29–74.
Wallander E. and Albert V. A. 2000 Phylogeny and classification of Oleaceae based on rps-16 and trnL-F sequence data. Am. J. Bot. 87, 1827–1841.
White T. J., Bruns T., Lee S. and Taylor J. 1990 Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications (ed. M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky and T. J. White), pp. 315–322. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to UGC, New Delhi for financial support (#32-409/2006 (SR)), and to Kerala Forest Department for permission to collect Jasminum spp. from forest areas in Kerala. NJ, RY and DV greatly acknowledge the help rendered by the Principals of respective Sree Narayana Colleges at Chempazhanthy and Kollam for providing research facilities. The authors thank Prof. R. Geeta, Department of Botany, University of Delhi for going through the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Corresponding editor: U. C. Lavania
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jeyarani, J.N., Yohannan, R., Vijayavalli, D. et al. Phylogenetic analysis and evolution of morphological characters in the genus Jasminum L. (Oleaceae) in India. J Genet 97, 1225–1239 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-1019-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-1019-4