Summary
Schizomeria is a genus of forest trees or occasionally understorey shrubs represented by some seven species in New Guinea, one of which extends west to the Moluccas and two eastwards to the Solomon Islands; an additional two or three species occur in eastern Australia. In New Guinea, Schizomeria grows from lowland to subalpine forest, with most species occurring in the montane zone. This revision presents a key to the species, plus synonymy, descriptions, distribution maps, provisional conservation assessments and an index to collections for the taxa in New Guinea, the Moluccas and the Solomon Islands; local names are given in an Appendix. Species delimitation in New Guinea is not always straightforward and several taxa are quite variable, or have blurred boundaries, or both. Morphological characters that are useful in distinguishing among species include the type and distribution of the indumentum, the structure and position of the inflorescence (whether terminal, false-terminal or axillary) and the presence or absence of subspherical glands on the leaves. The flowers are polysymmetric, green, white or pale yellow, with small, 3-toothed petals; some species are andromonoecious. The subspherical or ellipsoidal drupes have a brown, orange, yellowish or whitish epicarp; they are dispersed by vertebrates, including cassowaries, fruit-bats and other arboreal frugivores including pigeons. The timber has some commercial value plus a number of local uses. Data for the Australian taxa are included in the discussions of dispersal and uses.
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Acknowledgements
I started this study as a Visiting Research Fellow in the Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster University and I am grateful to Prof. John Whittaker for facilitating this arrangement. Funding at LANC was provided by L from the Kosterman’s Bequest, kindly arranged by Prof. Pieter Baas. The work was completed at K, where I thank Bob Johns for coating the SEM stubs, Chrissie Prychid for taking the SEM photographs, Hazel Wilkinson for guidance about cutting leaf sections, David Frodin for help with obscure localities, Rafaël Govaerts for advice regarding nomenclature and types, and Lulu Rico for hospitality in London in the early stages of the work. I am grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for access to collections or for providing images: A, B, BM, BO, CANB, E, K, L, LAE, MO, P, QRS (now incorporated in CNS) and SING, and especially L for making material from other institutions available for study at LANC. I also thank QRS, Jason Bradford and Rhys Gardner for gifts of material; Jason Bradford, Mark Coode, Rhys Gardner and Tim Utteridge for photographs; Debra Wright and Andy Mack for information on seed dispersal by cassowaries; Andrew Rozefelds for discussions on Australian Schizomeria; Holly Somerville for the beautiful line drawings; and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. Files of taxonomic literature on the Cunoniaceae, complied by Ruurd D. Hoogland and deposited at P, were consulted regarding names and protologues.
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Appendix 1. Vernacular names of Schizomeria species in New Guinea, the Moluccas and the Solomon Islands
Appendix 1. Vernacular names of Schizomeria species in New Guinea, the Moluccas and the Solomon Islands
Vernacular names taken from the labels of herbarium specimens are presented in the following format: “Name (language, dialect, and/or locality where reported): Collector's name number”.
1. Schizomeria carrii H. C. Hopkins: no names known.
2. Schizomeria clemensiae L. M. Perry:
Ail (Mt Giluwe): Clunie & Larivata LAE 63207.
Bolungwu (Maprik): Pullen 1573.
Ibeñ (Kalam): Gardner 9896.
Iben kas-ps (Kalam): Gardner 9054.
Kaiapon (Tomba): Saunders 625.
Maurgra (Hagen): Womersley NGF 9464.
Makw (Enga language, Kepilam): Hoogland & Schode 7420.
Parel (Mt Giluwe): Clunie & Larivita LAE 63125.
Sarimsua (Morobe): Sayers NGF 21541.
Sereva (Kutubu): Saunders 1064.
3. Schizomeria gorumensis Schltr. (S. gorumensis and S. cf. gorumensis).
Ananisema (Manki dialect): Havel & Kongara NGF 17290.
Bonmaip (Nipa): Sillitoe 83/65.
Forne (Mendi language): Schodde 1498.
Ibeñ (Kalam language): Gardner 7240, 8901.
Kain or Kai-in (= one kind of) (Enga language): Flenley ANU 2339, ANU 2638; Hoogland & Schodde 6889, Womersley NGF 11293, 11333.
Kimbil (Togoba): Saunders 831.
Kugl Kugla (Kuman language): Sterly 80-489.
Kwaetok (Telefomin): Henty NGF 20859.
Makau (Wabag): Womersley NGF 11334.
Mapi (Tari Gap): Gillison NGF 25149.
Mohga (Hagen, Wankl): Pullen 434.
Mowi (Wapi language, Wigote): Darbyshire 456.
Pohn (Togoba): Saunders 854.
Porhn (Hagen): Robbins 1136.
Tu-anka (Wagap): Womersley NGF 11293.
Zbabu (Keglsugl): Kairo & Streimann NGF 35767.
4. Schizomeria ilicina (Ridl.) Schltr.
Abani (Chimbu, Masul): Hoogland & Pullen 5913.
Bendoi (Hatam, Manokwari): Widjaja 4304, 4438.
Bolbek (Chimbu, Masul): Hoogland & Pullen 6095.
Degesa (Finisterre Mts): Sayers NGF 21491.
Duambu (Kuman language): Sterly 80-315, 80-448.
Ivitar (Hindenberg Mts): Frodin NGF 32184.
Kain (Enga language): Flenley ANU 2761; Hoogland & Schodde 6954, 7412; Saunders 1029; Womersley NGF 11308.
Kambera No. 2 (Tari Gap): Gillison NGF 25157.
Konge (Whagi, Minj): Hoogland & Pullen 6095.
Kugk Kugla (Kuman language): Sterly 80-77.
Kukulga (Chimbu): Hope ANU 10725.
Mapi (Mt Kereva): Gillison NGF 25209.
Mavi (Ambua): Frodin NGF 28337.
Mohga or Mohgla (Hagen, Towopa; Whagi, Minj): Hoogland & Pullen 5886, 5913.
Nami (Fiyugi, Woitape): van Royen NGF 20419; McVeigh W1290.
Pohn (Hagen): Robbins 832; Pullen 2695; (Hagen, Tomba): Hoogland & Pullen 6095; (Hagen, Wankl): Pullen 521; (Togoba): Saunders 811, 885, 902.
Pohn Doendoemp (Togoba): Saunders 864.
Pon, Fon(e) (Komia): Coode & Waring NGF 32513.
Pone sindi kembo or Pone tsindikembo (Upper Kaugel): Bowers 436, 764.
Porn (Hagen): Robbins 1239.
Pwen (Mendi language): Schodde 1441, 2019.
Sirbob (Sougb): Widjaja 4304.
5. Schizomeria novoguineensis L. M. Perry: no names known.
6. Schizomeria orthophlebia L. M. Perry: no names known.
7. Schizomeria serrata (Hochr.) Hochr.
Indonesia: Ajampi (Roberbai, Japen Dialect): Iwanggin BW 10004.
Angkat (Moejoe language): Kalkman BW 6471.
Bron (Mooi language): Schram BW 12456.
Diebiet (Moejoe language): Kalkman BW 6471.
Diendienpur (Je dialect): van Royen 4735.
Foegwa (Manikiong language): Koster BW 11779, Koster BW 11996, Moll BW 9761.
Jaramosadan (Samber, Japen dialect): Schram BW 10548.
Kawij (Amberbaken language): Koster BW 4472.
Kesie (Mooi language): Moll BW 11575.
Koewah (Marind language, Merauke): Leefers BW 3239.
Memperengatapi (Ambai, Japen): van Dijk 420.
Moedoek (Mooi language): Schram BW 12337.
Ngersuk (Aru Isl.): van Balgooy 6707.
Oki (Malay, Ambon): de Bell 4/bb 10131.
Okir poetih (Malay, Ambon): Buwalda 619.
Ra,ai (Ambai, Japen): van Dijk 6.
Sibloob (spelling uncertain) (Manikiong language): Schram BW 7604.
Toeggwa (Manikiong language): Schram BW 6173.
Toekoei (Manikiong language): Schram BW 7995.
Papua New Guinea: As ibit-amon or As ivitamon or As ivitamoon (Mianmin language): Frodin et al. 2408, 3158; Morren 2924.
As botlan nono (Mianmin language): Frodin & Morren 3180.
Basi (Upper Waria, Milne Bay): Smith NGF 1337.
Lavanden (Namoa language, Morehead): Henty & Foreman NGF 49303.
Mogoru or Mongoru (Bougainville): Voyce B3; Waterhouse 733-B.
Namegi (West New Britain): Frodin NGF 26872.
Nutakiru (Bougainville): Voyce D8.
Pitwal (West New Britain): Henty & Frodin NGF 27324.
Tsarala (Kutubu language): Schodde 2422.
Yok (Ignambit): Henty et al. NGF 31880.
Solomon Islands: Aipau (Guadalcanal): Womersley & Whitmore BSIP 1144.
Beabea (Kwara’ae language): numerous collectors.
Gihe (Isabel): Whitmore BSIP 2748.
Haipou or Hipau (Guadalcanal): Leggate BSIP 308, BSIP 313; Whitmore BSIP 893.
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Hopkins, H.C.F. The taxonomy and morphology of Schizomeria (Cunoniaceae) in New Guinea, the Moluccas and the Solomon Islands, with notes on seed dispersal and uses throughout the genus. Kew Bull 73, 11 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9726-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9726-1