Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A worldwide revision of Syncolostemon (Ocimeae: Lamiaceae)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Kew Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

In this worldwide revision of Syncolostemon sensu lato (including Hemizygia), 51 species are recognised, with three divided into varieties. Forty-nine species occur on mainland Africa, one on Madagascar and one in India. Descriptions, synonymy, habitat and conservation information are provided for each species and an identification key presented. Three new species, S. rectiflorus K.Balkwill, S. qudeniensis D.F.Otieno and S. ngwenyi K.Balkwill, and one new variety, S. pretoriae var. longitubus K.Balkwill are described and two new combinations, S. heterophyllus (Gürke) K.Balkwill and S. muddii (N.E.Br.) K.Balkwill are made. Bouetia ocimoides A.Chev. that had previously been synonymised under H. bracteosa (Benth.) Briq. [= S. bracteosus (Benth.) D.F.Otieno] is now recognised as a variety of that species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ashby, M. (1935). The genus Hemizygia Briquet. J. Bot. 73: 312 – 318 & 343 – 357.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1938). African species of the genus Orthosiphon. J. Bot. 76: 1 – 10, 39 – 48.

  • Baker, J. G. (1900). Labiatae. In: W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa 5: 332 – 502. L. Reeve & Co., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G. (1832). Labiatarum genera et species. James Ridgway and Sons, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1837). Labiatae Juss. In: E. Meyer (ed.), Commentariorum de plantis Africae Australioris, pp: 226 – 243. Apud Leopoldum Voss, Lipsiae.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1842). Ocimum bracteosum. In: W. J. Hooker (ed.), Icon. Pl.: pl. 455.

  • ____ (1848). Labiatae. In: A. P. De Candolle (ed.), Prodromus 12: 27 – 608. Sumpibus Victoris Masson, Parisiis.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1878). Orthosiphon linearis. In: W. J. Hooker (ed.), Icon Pl. ser. 3, vol. 3; pl. 12740.

  • Briquet, J. I. (1894). Labiatae Africanae. I. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 160 – 194.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1897). Labiatae. In: H. G. A. Engler (ed.), Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien IV, 3a. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1898). Fragmenta Monographiae Labiatarum Fasciculus V. Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 2: 102 – 251.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1903). Labiatae. Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 3: 975 – 1006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N. E. (1910). Labiatae. In: W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed.), Flora Capensis 5, 1: 226 – 387. Hodges, Smith & Co., Dublin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier, A. J. P. (1912). Novitates florae africanae. Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 1 – 218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Codd, L. E. (1957). Syncolostemon densiflorus. Fl Pl. Afr. 32: Plate 1252.

  • ____ (1964). The South African species of Orthosiphon. Bothalia 8: 149 – 159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1976a). The genus Syncolostemon (Lamiaceae). Bothalia 12: 21 – 28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1976b). The South African species of Hemizygia (Lamiaceae). Bothalia 12: 1 – 20.

  • ____ (1985). Syncolostemon and Hemizygia. In: O. A. Leistner, (ed.), Flora of southern Africa 28 (4): 185 – 211. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1986). Hemizygia thorncroftii. Fl Pl. Afr. 49: Plate 2000.

  • ____ (1988). Resuscitation of Syncolostemon ramulosus E. Mey. ex Benth. Bothalia 18: 92 – 93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Compton, R. H. (1966). An annotated check list of the flora of Swaziland. J. S. African Bot. Suppl. 6: 1 – 191.

  • ____ (1976). The Flora of Swaziland. Trustees of the National Botanic Gardens of South Africa, Kirstenbosch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craven, P. & Loots, S. (2002). Namibia. In: J. S. Golding (ed.), Southern African Plant Red Data Lists. Southern Africa Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 14: 61 – 92. SABONET, Pretoria.

  • Darbyshire, I., Timberlake, J., Dhanda, S., Osborne, J. & Hadj-Hammou, J. (2017a). Syncolostemon flabellifolius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T66106519A66106528. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T66106519A66106528.en. [Downloaded 4 May 2020].

  • ____, ____, ____, ____ & ____ (2017b). Syncolostemon oritrephes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T66106563A66106578. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T66106563A66106578.en. [Downloaded 4 May 2020].

  • ____, ____, ____, ____ & ____ (2017c). Syncolostemon ornatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T66106594A66106613. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T66106594A66106613.en. [Downloaded 4 May 2020].

  • De Wildeman, É. (1920). Notes sur les espèces de la famille des Labiées de la flore Congolaise. Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 19: 110 – 129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dlamini, T. S. & Dlamini, G. M. (2002). Swaziland. In: J. S. Golding, (ed.), Southern African Plant Red Data Lists. Southern Africa Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 14: 121 –134. SABONET, Pretoria.

  • Edwards T. J. & Raimondo D. (2007). Syncolostemon ramulosus E. Mey. ex Benth. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1704-15. Accessed 10 April 2020.

  • Foden, W. & Potter, L. (2005). National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org. Accessed 10 April 2020.

  • Golding, J. S. (ed.) (2002). Southern African Plant Red Data Lists. Southern Africa Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 14. SABONET, Pretoria.

  • Good, R. D. (1925). Notes from the British Museum, Some new South African plants. J. Bot. 63: 172 – 174.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1931). Orthosiphon pseudornatus. In: R. D. Good & G. Taylor, Labiatae, In: Mr. John Gossweiler's Portuguese West African plants. J. Bot. 69 Suppl. 2: 146 – 168.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ & Taylor, G. (1931). Labiatae, In: Mr. John Gossweiler's Portuguese West African plants. J. Bot. 69 Suppl. 2: 146 – 168.

  • Gürke, M. (1898a). Labiatae. In: H. Schinz (ed.), Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Afrkanischen Flora. Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 522 – 563.

  • ____ (1898b). Labiatae. In: A. Engler (ed.), Beitrage zur Flora von Afrika. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 1 – 119.

  • Harley, R. M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A., Cantino, P. D., Conn, B., Grayer, R. J., Harley, M. M., De Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, A., Paton, A. J., Ryding, O. & Upson, T. (2004). Labiatae. In: J. W. Kadereit (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vi (Lamiales), Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiern, W. P. (1900). Dicotyledons, Part IV. In: Catalogue of the African Plants Vol. 1, part 4. Trustees of the British Museum, London.

  • Hochstetter, C. F. (1845). In: F. Krauss, Pflanzen des Cap – und Natal – Landes, gesammelt und zusammengestellt, Labiatae. Flora 28: 65 – 68.

    Google Scholar 

  • IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland.

  • Launert, E. (1968). Miscellaneous notes on Labiatae. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Munchen 7: 295 – 307.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ & Schreiber, A. (1969). Labiatae. In: H. Merxmuller (ed.), Prodromus einer Flora von SüdwestAfrika, pp. 1 – 31. J. Cramer, Lehre.

  • Lötter, M., Burrows, J. E. & Victor, J. E. (2009). Syncolostemon stalmansii (A.J. Paton & K. Balkwill) D.F. Otieno. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1704-36. Accessed 4 April 2020.

  • Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. R. (2002). Zimbabwe. In: J. S. Golding, (ed.), Southern African Plant Red Data Lists. Southern Africa Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 14: 157 – 182. SABONET, Pretoria.

  • Matlamela, P. F. & Kamundi, D. A. (2006). Syncolostemon parvifolius (Codd) D.F.Otieno. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Accessed 24 April 2020.

  • Moore, S. (1905a). Monopetalae. In: Mr Eyles’s Rhodesian plants. J. Bot. 43: 47 – 51.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1905b). Six new South African plants. J. Bot. 43: 169 – 173.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1909). Alabastra Diversa. — Part XVIII. 2. New or Rare tropical African Labiatae. J. Bot. 47: 288 – 293.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ (1911). Gamopetalae. In: A contribution to our knowledge of the flora of Gazaland: being an account of collections by C.F.M. Swynnerton, F.L.S. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 77 – 180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ngwenya, A. M. (2018). Syncolostemon aurulentus (Lamiaceae), a new species from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Bothalia 48 (1): a2292. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v48i1.2292

  • Otieno, D. F., Balkwill, K., Paton, A. & Savolainen, V. (2006a). A Reassessment of Hemizygia and Syncolostemon. (Ocimeae — Lamiaceae). Taxon 55 (4): 941 – 958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ____, ____ & ____ (2006b). A multivariate analysis of morphological variation in the Hemizygia bracteosa complex (Lamiaceae, Ocimeae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 261: 19 – 38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ____, ____, & ____ (2009). Syncolostemon. In: H. J. Beentje, S. A. Ghazanfar & R. M. Polhill (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Lamiaceae (Labiatae), pp. 175 – 178. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____, ____, & ____ (2013). Syncolostemon. In: J. Timberlake & E. S. Martins (eds), Flora Zambesiaca Vol. 8 (8): 136 – 146. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  • ____ & Retief, E. (2008). Lamiaceae, A new combination in Syncolostemon. Bothalia 38: 144.

  • Paton, A. (1998). New records and new combinations in Hemizygia and Syncolostemon. Kew Bull. 53: 483 – 485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ____ & Balkwill, K. (2001). Hemizygia stalmansii (Labiatae), a new species from Mpumalanga, South Africa and Swaziland. Kew Bull. 56: 491 – 496.

  • ____ & Hedge I. C. (1999). In: I. C. Hedge, R. A. Clement, A. J. Paton & P. B. Phillipson (eds), Famille 175. Labiatae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores 108 – 111. Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.

  • ____, Springate, D., Suddee, S., Otieno, D., Grayer, R. J., Harley, M., Willis, F., Simmonds, M. S. J., Powell, M. & Savolainen, V. (2004). Phylogeny and evolution of basils and allies (Ocimeae, Labiatae) based on three plastid DNA regions. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 31: 277 – 299.

  • ____, Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R. M., Harvey, Y. B., Iwarsson, M., Willis, F., Phillipson, P. B., Balkwill, K., Lukhoba, C.W., Otieno, D. F. & Harley, R. M. (2009). Lamiaceae (Labiatae). In: H. J. Beentjie, S. A. Ghazanfar & R. M. Polhill (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  • Perkins, J. R. (1917). Ein neuer Orthosiphon aus Südwestafrika. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pienaar, K. (1987). The South African A – Z of Garden Flowers. C. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pooley, E. (1998). A field guide to wild flowers of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Region. National Flora Publications Trust, Durban.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J. E., Helme, N. A., Turner, R. C., Kamundi, D. A. & Manyama, P. A. (2009). Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.

  • Rolfe, R. A. (1893). Labiatae. In: Plantae Africanae Novae. Bol. Soc. Brot. 11: 88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlechter, F. R. R. (1897). Decades plantarum novarum Austro-Africanum. J. Bot. 35: 279 – 283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott-Shaw, C. R. (1999). Rare and threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal and neighbouring regions. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service, Pietermaritzburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • ____ , Johnson, I. M., Raimondo, D. & von Staden, L. (2007). Syncolostemon incanus (Codd) D.F. Otieno. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1704-24. Accessed 10 April 2020.

  • Verdoorn, I. C. (1937). Syncolostemon eriocephalus. In: I. C. Verdoorn & H. G. Schweickerdt, XLIX—Notes on the flora of southern Africa: VII. Kew Bull. 1937: 445 – 447.

  • Victor, J. E. & Scott-Shaw, C. R. (2006). Syncolostemon latidens (N.E. Br.) Codd. & Syncolostemon cinereum (Codd) D.F. Otieno & Retief. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1704-9. Accessed 10 April 2020.

  • von Staden, L. (2008). Syncolostemon incanus (Codd) D.F. Otieno. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1704-24. Accessed 10 April 2020.

  • ____, & Mtshali, H. (2017). Syncolostemon ramosus (Codd) D.F. Otieno. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1704-33. Accessed 10 April 2020.

  • Watt, J. M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M. G. (1962). The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstyone Ltd, Edinburgh & London.

  • Winter, P. J. D. & Victor, J. E. (2005). Syncolostemon rugosifolius (M. Ashby) D.F. Otieno. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. https://www.redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1704-35. Accessed 10 April 2020.

  • Wild, H. (1964). The endemic species of the Chimanimani. Kirkia 4: 125 – 157.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the herbaria who have lent specimens, sent scans of specimens and/or facilitated visits. Financial assistance from the University of the Witwatersrand (Research Incentive Scheme), the National Research Foundation (Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers UID 119295), the Lennox Boyd Memorial Trust, the Mellon Foundation and Walter and Jill Barker is acknowledged and greatly appreciated. We thank the photographers who have kindly allowed use of their images for the plates directly, or through placing them on iNaturalist. We are grateful to SAPPI for access to the site where Syncolostemon ngwenyi occurs and to Mkhipheni Ngwenya for the data that made it possible to do a provisional IUCN threat rating for that species.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P. O. Box 1125, Eldoret, – 30100, Kenya

    Donald F. Otieno

  2. School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa

    Donald F. Otieno & Kevin Balkwill

  3. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

    Alan J. Paton

Authors
  1. Donald F. Otieno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kevin Balkwill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alan J. Paton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donald F. Otieno.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Index

Index

Accepted names are in bold, synonyms in italic

Accepted names are in bold (species number in parentheses), synonyms in italic.

Bouetia A.Chev. .................................................... 584

ocimoides A.Chev. ................................. 584, 605

Hemizygia (Benth.) Briq. ...................................... 584

albiflora N.E.Br. ............................................ 587

bolusii (N.E.Br.) Codd .................................... 633

bracteosa (Benth.) Briq. ................................ 603

canescens (Gürke) M.Ashby ........................... 607

chevalieri Briq. ............................................... 605

cinerea Codd ................................................... 592

comosa (Wight ex Benth.) A.J.Paton .............. 636

cooperi Briq. .................................................. 631

elliottii (Baker) M.Ashby ................................ 633

flabellifolia S.Moore ....................................... 639

floccosa Launert .............................................. 634

foliosa S.Moore ............................................... 616

galpiniana Briq. ............................................. 597

gerrardii (N.E.Br) M.Ashby ........................... 601

hoepfneri Briq. ............................................... 604

humilis (N.E.Br) M.Ashby .............................. 616

incana Codd .................................................... 590

junodii Briq.

var. quintasii Briq. .................................. 604

latidens (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby ............................ 629

laurentii (De Wild.) M.Ashby ........................ 605

linearis (Benth.) Briq. ............................ 607, 609

macrophylla (Gürke) Codd ............................. 629

madagascariensis A.J.Paton & Hedge ............ 639

modesta Codd ................................................. 631

mossiana (R.D.Good) M.Ashby ..................... 607

nigritana S.Moore…………………………...603

obermeyerae M.Ashby .................................... 592

oritrephes Wild ............................................... 600

ornata S.Moore ............................................... 618

parvifolia Codd ............................................... 590

persimilis (N.E.Br) M.Ashby .......................... 636

petiolata M.Ashby ........................................ 610

petrensis (Hiern) M.Ashby ............................. 607

pretoriae (Gürke) M.Ashby ............................ 612

subsp. pretoriae ....................................... 614

subsp. heterotricha Codd ........................ 614

punctata Codd ................................................. 632

ramosa Codd ................................................... 615

rehmannii (Gürke) M.Ashby .......................... 588

rugosifolia M.Ashby ....................................... 594

serrata Briq. ................................................... 604

stalmansii A.J.Paton & K.Balkwill ................. 619

stenophylla (Gürke) M.Ashby ........................ 601

subvelutina (Gürke) M.Ashby ........................ 595

teucriifolia (Hochst.) Briq. ..................... 584, 597

thorncroftii (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby .............. 611, 616

transvaalensis (Schltr.) M.Ashby .................. 610

welwitschii (Rolfe) M.Ashby ......................... 605

Ocimum L.

sect. Hemizygia Benth. .................................. 584

bracteosum Benth. ......................................... 603

teucriifolium Hochst. ..................................... 597

Orthosiphon sensu Baker ...................................... 584

Orthosiphon Benth.

adornatus Briq. ............................................. 605

var. angolensis Briq. .............................. 605

var. chlorococcus Briq. .......................... 605

var. oblongifolius Briq. .......................... 605

var. rotundifolius Briq. ........................... 605

affinis N.E.Br. ............................................... 607

albiflorus N.E.Br. .......................................... 587

bolusii N.E.Br. ............................................... 633

bracteosus (Benth.) Baker ............................. 603

canescens Gürke ............................................. 607

comosus Benth. ............................................. 636

decipiens N.E.Br. .......................................... 597

dinteri Briq. ................................................... 607

elliottii Baker ................................................. 633

engleri Perkins ............................................... 607

foliosus (S.Moore) N.E.Br. ............................ 616

gerrardii N.E.Br. ........................................... 601

heterophyllus Gürke ....................................... 595

holubii N.E.Br. .............................................. 607

humilis N.E.Br. .............................................. 616

latidens N.E.Br. ............................................. 629

laurentii De Wild. ......................................... 605

linearis Benth. ............................................... 609

macranthus Gürke .......................................... 631

macrophyllus (Gürke) N.E.Br. ...................... 629

messinensis R.D.Good .................................... 633

mossianus R.D.Good ...................................... 607

muddii N.E.Br. .............................................. 611

natalensis Gürke ............................................. 614

ornatus (S.Moore) R.D.Good ......................... 618

persimilis N.E.Br. .......................................... 636

petrensis Hiern ............................................... 607

pretoriae Gürke .............................................. 612

pseudornatus R.D.Good ................................. 605

rehmannii Gürke ............................................ 588

rhodesianus S.Moore ..................................... 604

rogersii N.E.Br. ............................................. 636

schinzianus Briq. ........................................... 604

subvelutinus Gürke ......................................... 595

stenophyllus Gürke ......................................... 601

teucriifolius (Hochst.) N.E.Br. ...................... 597

var. galpinianus (Briq.) N.E.Br. ............ 597

thorncroftii N.E.Br. ....................................... 616

transvaalense Schltr. ..................................... 610

varians N.E.Br. .............................................. 607

welwitschii Rolfe............................................. 605

var. angolensis (Briq.) Hiern…………...605

wilmsii Gürke .................................................. 610

woodii Gürke .................................................. 597

Syncolostemon E.Mey ex Benth. .......................... 584

albiflorus (N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno ......... (01) .. 587

argenteus N.E.Br. .............................. (28) .. 619

aurulentus Ngwenya ......................... (31) .. 623

bolusii (N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno .............. (43) .. 633

bracteosus (Benth.) D.F.Otieno ......... (15) .. 603

var. bracteosus.......................... (15a) .. 604

var. ocimoides (A.Chev.) D.F.Otieno .. (15b)

……………………………………….... 604

canescens (Gürke) D.F.Otieno ........... (17) .. 607

cinereus (Codd) D.F.Otieno & Retief .(05) .. 592

comosus (Wight ex Benth.) D.F.Otieno (47)..636

comptonii Codd .................................. (33) .. 624

concinnus N.E.Br. ............................. (32) .. 624

cooperi Briq. .................................................. 623

densiflorus Benth. ............................. (35) .. 627

dissitiflorus Benth. ......................................... 622

elliottii (Baker) D.F.Otieno ................ (44) .. 623

eriocephalus I.Verd. ........................... (29) .. 620

flabellifolius (S.Moore) A.J.Paton .... (49) .. 639

floccosus (Launert) D.F.Otieno .......... (45) .. 634

foliosus (S.Moore) D.F.Otieno ........... (24) .. 616

gerrardii (N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno .......... (14) .. 601

heterophyllus (Gürke) K.Balkwill ..... (09) .. 595

incanus (Codd) D.F.Otieno ................ (03) .. 590

lanceolatus Gürke ........................................... 623

var. cooperi (Briq.) N.E.Br. .................... 623

var. grandiflorus N.E.Br. ........................ 623

latidens (N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno ............ (39) .. 629

linearis (Benth.) D.F.Otieno ............... (18) .. 609

macranthus (Gürke) M.Ashby ........... (40) .. 631

macrophyllus Gürke ........................... (38) ..628

madagascariensis (A.J.Paton & Hedge)

D.F.Otieno ............................ (50) .. 639

modestus (Codd) D.F.Otieno ............. (41) .. 631

muddii (N.E.Br.) K. Balkwill ............. (21) .. 611

namapaensis D.F.Otieno ..................... (48) ..637

ngwenyi K.Balkwill ............................. (51) .. 640

obermeyerae (M.Ashby) D.F.Otieno.. (06) .. 592

oritrephes (Wild) D.F.Otieno ............. (12) .. 600

ornatus (S.Moore) D.F.Otieno. .......... (26) .. 618

parvifolius (Codd) D.F.Otieno ........... (04) .. 590

parviflorus E. Mey ex Benth. ............ (30) .. 622

var. β E.Mey. ex Benth. ......................... 622

var. dissitiflorus (Benth.) N.E. Br. ......... 622

var. lanceolatus (Gürke) Codd .. (30b) .. 623

var. parviflorus ......................... (30a) .. 622

persimilis (N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno ......... (46) .. 636

petiolatus (M.Ashby) D.F.Otieno ....... (19) .. 610

pretoriae (Gürke) D.F.Otieno ............ (22) .. 612

var. pretoriae ............................ (22a) .. 614

var. heterotrichus (Codd) D.F.Otieno (22b)

………………………………………… 614

var. longitubus K.Balkwill ........ (22c) .. 615

punctatus (Codd) D.F.Otieno ............. (42) .. 632

qudeniensis D.F.Otieno ..................... (34) .. 626

ramosus (Codd) D.F.Otieno ............... (23) .. 615

ramulosus E.Mey ex Benth. ............... (36) .. 627

rectiflorus K.Balkwill. ........................ (11) .. 598

rehmannii (Gürke) D.F.Otieno. ......... (02) .. 588

rotundifolius E.Mey ex Benth. ........... (37) .. 628

rugosifolius (M.Ashby) D.F.Otieno .... (07) .. 594

stalmansii (A.J.Paton & K.Balkwill) D.F.Otieno

(27) ……………………………….. 619

stenophyllus (Gürke) D.F.Otieno ....... (13) .. 601

subvelutinus (Gürke) D.F.Otieno ....... (08) .. 594

teucriifolius (Hochst.) D.F.Otieno ..... (10) .. 597

thorncroftii (N.E.Br.) D.F.Otieno ..... (25) .. 616

transvaalensis (Schltr.) D.F.Otieno ... (20) .. 610

welwitschii (Rolfe) D.F.Otieno ……….(16)…605

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Otieno, D.F., Balkwill, K. & Paton, A.J. A worldwide revision of Syncolostemon (Ocimeae: Lamiaceae). Kew Bull 77, 583–646 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-022-10048-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-022-10048-x

Key Words

Search

Navigation