Abstract
In this study, we have characterized a novel set of extracellular enzymes produced by Penicillium chrysogenum strain HKF2. A draft genome data of 31.5 Mbp was generated and annotation suggested a total of 11,243 protein-coding genes out of which 609 were CAZymes, majority of which were found to have homology with Penicillium rubens, Penicillium chrysogenum followed by Penicillium expansum and Penicillium roqueforti. The prominent CAZyme genes identified in the draft genome encoded for enzymes involved in the production of prebiotics such as inulo-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides. Corresponding enzyme assay indicated that the isolate possessed the potential to produce 11.8 and 3.8 U/mL of β-fructofuranosidase and inulinase, respectively. This study highlights the significance of Effluent Treatment Plants as novel and under-explored niche for isolation of fungi having the potential for production of prebiotics synthesizing enzymes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Ballester A, Marcet-houben M, Levin E et al (2015) Genome, transcriptome, and functional analyses of Penicillium expansum provide new insights into secondary metabolism and pathogenicity. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 28:232–248. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-14-0261-FI
Borodovsky M, Lomsadze A (2011) Eukaryotic gene prediction using GeneMark.hmm-E and GeneMark-ES. Curr Protoc Bioinform. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471250953.bi0406s35
Darling ACE, Mau B, Blattner FR, Perna NT (2004) Mauve: multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements. Genome Res 14:1394–1403. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2289704
Deshmukh R, Mathew A, Purohit HJ (2014) Characterization of antibacterial activity of bikaverin from Fusarium sp. HKF15. J Biosci Bioeng 117:443–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.09.017
Götz S et al (2008) High-throughput functional annotation and data mining with the Blast2GO suite. Nucleic Acids Res 36:3420–3435. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn176
Gujar VV, Fuke P, Khardenavis AA, Purohit HJ (2018) Annotation and de novo sequence characterization of extracellular β-fructofuranosidase from Penicillium chrysogenum strain HKF42. Indian J Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-017-0704-y (in press)
Gyo Y, Chung K, Gon S et al (2009) Purification and properties of a chitinase from Penicillium sp. LYG 0704. Protein Expr Purif 65:244–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2008.12.004
He R, Bai X, Cai P et al (2017) Genome sequence of Talaromyces piceus 9–3 provides insights into lignocellulose degradation. 3 Biotech 7:368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-1001-5
Luo R, Liu B, Xie Y et al (2012) SOAPdenovo2: an empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assembler. Gigascience 1:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-217X-1-18
Marcet-Houben M, Ballester A-R, de la Fuente B et al (2012) Genome sequence of the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus. BMC Genom 13:646. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-646
Park A-R, Oh D-K (2010) Galacto-oligosaccharide production using microbial β-galactosidase: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85:1279–1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2356-2
Patel S, Goyal A (2011) Functional oligosaccharides: production, properties and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27:1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0558-5
Patel S, Goyal A (2012) The current trends and future perspectives of prebiotics research: a review. 3 Biotech 2:115–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-012-0044-x
Prata MB, Mussatto SI, Rodrigues LR, Teixeira JA (2010) Fructooligosaccharide production by Penicillium expansum. Biotechnol Lett 32:837–840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-010-0231-y
Sangeetha PT, Ramesh MN, Prapulla SG (2004) Production of fructo-oligosaccharides by fructosyl transferase from Aspergillus oryzae CFR 202 and Aureobasidium pullulans CFR 77. Process Biochem 39:755–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00186-9
Saqib S, Akram A, Halim SA, Tassaduq R (2017) Sources of β-galactosidase and its applications in food industry. 3 Biotech 7:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0645-5
Schafhauser T, Wibberg D, Rückert C et al (2015) Draft genome sequence of Talaromyces islandicus (“Penicillium islandicum”) WF-38-12, a neglected mold with significant biotechnological potential. J Biotechnol 211:101–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.07.004
Singh PK, Shukla P (2012) Molecular modeling and docking of microbial inulinases towards perceptive enzyme-substrate interactions. Indian J Microbiol 52:373–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-012-0248-0
Trivedi S, Divecha J, Shah A (2012) Optimization of inulinase production by a newly isolated Aspergillus tubingensis CR16 using low cost substrates. Carbohydr Polym 90:483–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.068
Yin Y, Mao X, Yang J et al (2012) DbCAN: a web resource for automated carbohydrate-active enzyme annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 40:445–451. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks479
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the Director, CSIR-NEERI for providing essential resources for the research work [KRC No. CSIR-NEERI/KRC/2017/DEC/EBGD/1]. Vaibhav Gujar is thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi for providing Junior and Senior Research Fellowship for carrying out this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gujar, V.V., Fuke, P., Khardenavis, A.A. et al. Draft genome sequence of Penicillium chrysogenum strain HKF2, a fungus with potential for production of prebiotic synthesizing enzymes. 3 Biotech 8, 106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1132-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1132-3