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Phylogenetic diversity of culturable fungi associated with two marine sponges: Haliclona simulans and Gelliodes carnosa, collected from the Hainan Island coastal waters of the South China Sea

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Abstract

The diversity and biological activities of fungi associated with the two sponges, Haliclona simulans and Gelliodes carnosa, were investigated using a culture-dependent method followed by analysis of the fungal rDNA-ITS sequences. The two sponges were collected from the coastal waters of Lingshui Bay of Hainan Island in the South China Sea. A total of 37 independent fungal isolates corresponding to 30 different species were obtained from the two sponges. Nearly two thirds of the strains (n = 24, 64.9%) had close affiliations (identity (ID) or similarity ≥ 98%) with their best matches in GenBank. Another one third of the isolates (n = 13, 35.1%) were distantly related to their closest relatives (ID < 98%), implying that these species are possibly different from those previously reported. The two sponges possessed similar fungal diversities. Haliclona simulans harbored a mainly different fungal consortium as compared with that of the same sponge species collected from Irish coastal waters, suggesting that the fungal diversity associated with the sponges is more dependent on the surrounding environment than on the sponge species. Biological activities of the fungal culture extracts were tested against the human tumor cell lines, mainly, a human lung carcinoma cell line (A-549), a human liver carcinoma cell line (Bel-7402), and a human colon carcinoma cell line (HCT-8), and against the Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. A relatively high proportion of positive results were obtained in this study, demonstrating that fungi isolated from sponges could be a rich source of new biologically active natural products.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Professor Jin-He Li at the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science for the sponge identification, and gratefully acknowledge the help of the personnel at Sanya Nanfan Sci-Tech institute during sampling of the sponges. For anti-cancer testing thanks go to Ms. Juan-Juan Hu and Ms. Wan-Qi Zhou at the Pharmacological Department of our Institute. Finally, we thank Dr. Yanan Jiang from the University of Nevada, Las Vagas, Ms. Sara A. Brinson from the Tulane University and the reviewers for their proofreading, grammatical revision and valuable suggestions to this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Ministry of Health of PRC & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education of PRC), 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China

    W. C. Liu, C. Q. Li, P. Zhu, J. L. Yang & K. D. Cheng

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Correspondence to P. Zhu.

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W. C. Liu and C. Q. Li contribute equally to this work.

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Liu, W.C., Li, C.Q., Zhu, P. et al. Phylogenetic diversity of culturable fungi associated with two marine sponges: Haliclona simulans and Gelliodes carnosa, collected from the Hainan Island coastal waters of the South China Sea. Fungal Diversity 42, 1–15 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0022-8

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