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The Colletotrichum orbiculare species complex: Important pathogens of field crops and weeds

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Abstract

Colletotrichum orbiculare causes anthracnose of Cucurbitaceae and is phylogenetically closely related to pathogens of several other herbaceous hosts belonging to the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Malvaceae. Most of them are known for their hemibiotrophic infection strategy and as destructive pathogens either of field crops or weeds. In order to study the phylogenetic relationships of these fungi, a multilocus analysis (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2, GS) of 42 strains of C. orbiculare and related species was conducted. The analysis resulted in nine clades that confirmed the four species previously known as belonging to this species complex, C. lindemuthianum, C. malvarum, C. orbiculare and C. trifolii, and recognised four new species from weeds, namely C. bidentis, C. sidae, C. spinosum and C. tebeestii. The name C. orbiculare itself is widely used in plant pathology and science, but is invalid according to current nomenclatural rules. Therefore we described a new species with the same epithet and a type specimen that agrees with our current understanding of this species, and is linked to a living culture. Following the recent epitypification of C. lindemuthianum, we chose appropriate specimens with associated strains to serve as epitypes of C. malvarum and C. trifolii, and selected an authentic specimen of C. trifolii as lectotype.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the curators and staff of the CBS culture collections as well as Dr Richard J. O’Connell (BIOGER-CPP, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France), Prof. dr Yasuyuki Kubo (Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan), Dr Peter Johnston and Dr Bevan Weir (Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand), Prof. dr Lisa Vaillancourt (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, USA), Yonghong Ge and Prof. dr David I. Guest (Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, Australia) for kindly supplying isolates for this study. We kindly thank the curators of the fungaria at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew (IMI and K(M)), UK and at the US National Fungus Collections (BPI), Beltsville, Maryland, USA for providing access to historical type specimens. Dr Paul Kirk (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK) is thanked for advice on nomenclatural matters. This research was supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality through an endowment of the FES programme “Versterking infrastructuur Plantgezondheid”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Ulrike Damm & Pedro W. Crous

  2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK

    Paul F. Cannon

  3. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Fang Liu

  4. Department of Biology, Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Fang Liu & Pedro W. Crous

  5. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil

    Robert W. Barreto & Eduardo Guatimosim

  6. Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Pedro W. Crous

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  1. Ulrike Damm
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Correspondence to Ulrike Damm.

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Damm, U., Cannon, P.F., Liu, F. et al. The Colletotrichum orbiculare species complex: Important pathogens of field crops and weeds. Fungal Diversity 61, 29–59 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0255-4

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