Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The complex of Diplodia species associated with Fraxinus and some other woody hosts in Italy and Portugal

  • Published:
Fungal Diversity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Diplodia have been hampered by the lack of an ex-type culture linked to the holotype of D. mutila, which is the type of the genus. In this study a large collection of Diplodia strains, obtained from ash and other woody hosts showing V-shaped cankers and branch dieback, were identified based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data from ITS and EF1-α loci. Results of combined morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Fraxinus isolates from Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain belong to three distinct species namely Diplodia fraxini, Diplodia mutila and Diplodia subglobosa sp. nov. An epitype was designated for Diplodia mutila, with associated ex-epitype cultures. The name D. fraxini is re-instated and a neotype designated. Two species, Diplodia seriata and Diplodia pseudoseriata were reported for the first time on Fraxinus spp.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alves A, Correia A, Luque J, Phillips AJL (2004) Botryosphaeria corticola sp. nov. on Quercus species, with notes and description of Botryosphaeria stevensii and its anamorph Diplodia mutila. Mycologia 96:598–613

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alves A, Correia A, Phillips AJL (2006) Multigene genealogies and morphological data support Diplodia cupressi sp. nov., previously recognized as Diplodia pinea f. sp. cupressi as a distinct species. Fungal Divers 23:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves A, Crous PW, Correia A, Phillips AJL (2008) Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic species in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Fungal Divers 28:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakys R, Vasaitis R, Barklund P, Thomsen IM, Stenlid J (2009) Occurrence and pathogenicity of fungi in necrotic and non-symptomatic shoots of declining common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Sweden. Eur J For Res 128:51–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carbone I, Kohn LM (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous Ascomycetes. Mycologia 91:553–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpers JA, Robert V, Stegehuis G (2004) MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. Stud Mycol 50:19–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Rheeder J, Marasas WFO, Phillips AJL, Alves A, Burgess T, Barber P, Groenewald JZ (2006) Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Stud Mycol 55:235–253

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Damm U, Crous PW, Fourie PH (2007) Botryosphaeriaceae as potential pathogens of Prunus species in South Africa, with descriptions of Diplodia africana and Lasiodiplodia plurivora sp. nov. Mycologia 99:664–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Wet J, Wingfield MJ, Coutinho T, Wingfield B (2002) Characterization of the “C” morphotype of the pine pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea. For Ecol Manag 161:181–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Wet J, Burgess T, Slippers B, Preisig O, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ (2003) Multiple gene genealogies and microsatellite markers reflect relationships between morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea and distinguish a new species of Diplodia. Mycol Res 107:557–566

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dingley JM (1969) Records of plant diseases in New Zealand. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin 192

  • Farr DF, Rossman AY (2013) Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved December 2, 2013, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/

  • Fries EM (1823) Systema mycologicum. 2:276–620

  • Fries EM (1849) Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae. 1–572

  • Gramaje D, Agustí-Brisach C, Pérez-Sierra A, Moralejo E, Olmo D, Mostert L, Damm U, Armengol J (2012) Fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of almond trees on Mallorca (Spain). Persoonia 28:1–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Granata G, Faedda R, Sidoti A (2011) First report of canker disease caused by Diplodia olivarum on carob tree in Italy. Plant Dis 95:776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gure A, Slippers B, Stenlid J (2005) Seed-borne Botryosphaeria spp. from native Prunus and Podocarpus trees in Ethiopia, with a description of the anamorph Diplodia rosulata sp. nov. Mycol Res 109:1005–1014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hillis DM, Bull JJ (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Syst Biol 42:182–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jami F, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Gryzenhout M (2012) Five new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from Acacia karroo in South Africa. Cryptog Mycolog 33:245–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laundon GF (1973) Botryosphaeria obtusa, B. stevensii, and Otthia spiraeae in New Zealand. Trans Br Mycol Soc 61:369–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzizera C, Frisullo S, Alves A, Lopes J, Phillips AJL (2008) Phylogeny and morphology of Diplodia species on olives in southern Italy and description of Diplodia olivarum. Fungal Divers 31:63–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Linaldeddu BT, Franceschini A, Alves A, Phillips AJL (2013) Diplodia quercivora sp. nov.: a new species of Diplodia found on declining Quercus canariensis trees in Tunisia. Mycologia 105:1266–1274

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lygis V, Vasiliauskas R, Larsson KH, Stenlid J (2005) Wood-inhabiting fungi in stems of Fraxinus excelsior in declining ash stands of northern Lithuania, with particular reference to Armillaria cepistipes. Scand J For Res 20:337–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch SC, Eskalen A, Zambino PJ, Mayorquin JS, Wang DH (2013) Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) decline in southern California. Mycologia 105:124–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehl JMW, Slippers B, Roux J, Wingfield MJ (2011) Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Pterocarpus angolensis (kiaat) in South Africa. Mycologia 103:534–553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montagne JFC (1834) Notice sur les plantes cryptogames récemment découvertes en France contenant aussi l’indication précis des localités de quelques espèces les plus rares de la flore française. Ann Sci Nat Bot Sér 2(1):295–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Page RD (1996) TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput Appl Biosci 12:357–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez CA, Wingfield MJ, Slippers B, Altier NA, Blanchette RA (2010) Endophytic and canker-associated Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on non-native Eucalyptus and native Myrtaceae trees in Uruguay. Fungal Divers 41:53–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips AJL, Crous PW, Alves A (2007) Diplodia seriata, the anamorph of “Botryosphaeria” obtusa. Fungal Divers 25:141–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips AJL, Lopes J, Abdollahzadeh J, Bobev S, Alves A (2012) Resolving the Diplodia complex on apple and other Rosaceae hosts. Persoonia 29:29–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips AJL, Alves A, Abdollahzadeh J, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Stud Mycol 76:51–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Przybyl K (2002) Fungi associated with necrotic apical parts of Fraxinus excelsior shoots. For Pathol 32:387–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pukacki PM, Przybyl K (2005) Frost injury as a possible inciting factor in bud and shoot necroses of Fraxinus excelsior L. J Phytopathol 153:512–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Punithalingam E, Walker JM (1973) Botryosphaeria obtusa. CMI Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, no. 394. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew

    Google Scholar 

  • Rannala B, Yang Z (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. J Mol Evol 43:304–311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez F, Oliver JF, Marin A, Medina JR (1990) The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitutions. J Theor Biol 142:485–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist FR, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MrBayes3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saccardo PA (1884) Sylloge fungorum. Vol. III. Edwards Brothers INC., Ann Arbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos JM, Phillips AJL (2009) Resolving the complex of Phomopsis species and their Diaporthe teleomorphs on Foeniculum vulgare. Fungal Divers 34:111–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoemaker RA (1964) Conidial states of some Botryosphaeria species on Vitis and Quercus. Can J Bot 42:1297–1301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidoti A, Granata G (2004) L’orniello (Fraxinus ornus): nuovo ospite di Diplodia mutila. Inform Fitopatol 2:49–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens NE (1933) Two apple black rot fungi in the United States. Mycologia 25:536–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens NE (1936) Two species of Physalospora in England. Mycologia 28:330–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton BC (1980) The coelomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford DL (2003) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wallander E (2008) Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy. Plant Syst Evol 273:25–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplified and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenies. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic, San Diego, pp 315–322

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr Shaun Pennycook, Landcare Research, New Zealand for correcting the nomenclators for D. fraxini and D. mutila. Artur Alves was supported by the programme Ciência 2008, co-funded by the Human Potential Operational Programme (National Strategic Reference Framework 2007–2013) and the European Social Fund (EU). Part of this work was financed by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) through grant PEst-OE/BIA/UI0457/2011. Antonio Deidda gratefully acknowledges Sardinia Regional Government for the financial support of his PhD scholarship (P.O.R. Sardegna F.S.E. Operational Programme of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia, European Social Fund 2007–2013—Axis IV Human Resources, Objective l.3, Line of Activity l.3.1.)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    A. Alves

  2. Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia vegetale ed Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via E. De Nicola 1, 07100, Sassari, Italy

    B. T. Linaldeddu, A. Deidda & B. Scanu

  3. Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    A. J. L. Phillips

Authors
  1. A. Alves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. T. Linaldeddu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Deidda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Scanu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. J. L. Phillips
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. J. L. Phillips.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Alves, A., Linaldeddu, B.T., Deidda, A. et al. The complex of Diplodia species associated with Fraxinus and some other woody hosts in Italy and Portugal. Fungal Diversity 67, 143–156 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0282-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0282-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation