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Overview of Stachybotrys (Memnoniella) and current species status

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Abstract

Stachybotrys (asexual Hypocreales) has a worldwide distribution. This genus inhabits substrates rich in cellulose and is closely related to Memnoniella. Classification of species has previously been based on morphology, with conidial characters being considered as important. This study re-evaluates Stachybotrys and Memnoniella, which is shown to include at least seven species-groups; while Memnoniella is a synonym of Stachybotrys. The sexual genera Ornatispora and Melanopsamma are also synonyms of Stachybotrys. With the exception of Stachybotrys subsimplex, species formed a well-supported monophyletic group in LSU data analysis belonging to Stachybotriaceae. Seventy-four accepted Stachybotrys species are discussed, while eight species are considered to belong to other genera or are doubtful in this paper and a key to these species provided. Twelve new combinations and 1 nomina nova is proposed. The status of Stachybotrys species on health, as human or animal pathogens, in indoor environments, and use as biocontrol agents and compound discovery are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are appreciative to Dr. John Haines for allowing us access to type specimen of Stachybotrys elongata. The authors are also very grateful to Drs. Walter Gams, Rafael F. Castañeda Ruíz, Hongxin Mao, Weidong Wu, and Ariunaa Jalsrai for their assistance in finding literatures, especially the ones in Japan, Russia, and Ukraine. Without their assistance some references would not be available to us. This project was supported by the International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province (No [2013]7004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guizhou Key Laboratory Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China

    Yong Wang & De-Gang Zhao

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China

    Yong Wang & Yu-Lan Jiang

  3. Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand

    Kevin D. Hyde

  4. Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand

    Eric H. C. McKenzie

  5. Valley Laboratory, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT, 06095, USA

    De-Wei Li

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Wang, Y., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C. et al. Overview of Stachybotrys (Memnoniella) and current species status. Fungal Diversity 71, 17–83 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0319-0

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