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What is a species in fungal plant pathogens?

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Abstract

Scientific names are crucial for communicating knowledge concerning fungi and fungus-like organisms. In plant pathology, they link information regarding biology, host range, distribution and potential risk to agriculture and food security. In the past, delimitation among pathogenic taxa was primarily based on morphological characteristics. Due to distinct species sharing overlapping characteristics, the morphological identification of species is often neither straightforward nor reliable. Hence, the phylogenetic species concept based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions gained importance. The present opinion discusses what a fungal species is and how identification of species in plant pathology has changed over the past decades. In this context, host-specialization and species complexes are discussed. Furthermore, species concepts in plant pathology are examined using case studies from Bipolaris, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Diplodia, Meliola, Plasmopara, rust fungi and Trichoderma. Each entry contains a brief introduction to the genus, concepts used in species identification so far and the problems in describing a species followed by recommendations. The importance of correctly naming and identifying a species is addressed in the context of recent introductions, and we also discuss whether the introduction of new species in pathogenic genera has been overestimated. We also provide guidelines to be considered when introducing a new species in a plant pathogenic genus.

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Acknowledgements

This project is funded by National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT). Ruvishika S. Jayawardena would like to thank the National Research Council of Thailand, Grant for new researcher NRCT5-TRG630010-01, entitled “Biodiversity, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Colletotrichum in northern Thailand”. We would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund, Grant RDG6130001 entitled “Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”. Kevin D Hyde thanks Chiang Mai University for the award of a Visiting Professor. Authors would like to thank Mushroom Research Foundation and Mae Fah Luang University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510225, People’s Republic of China

    Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Kevin D. Hyde & Ishara S. Manawasinghe

  2. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Kevin D. Hyde, Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias, Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun, Achala J. Gajanayake, Binu C. Samarakoon, Digvijayini Bundhun, Deecksha Gomdola, Naruemon Huanraluek, Ya-ru Sun & Xia Tang

  3. Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil

    Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias

  4. Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

    Himashi S. Ferdinandez & Dimuthu S. Manamgoda

  5. Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, 10200, Sri Lanka

    Dhanushka Udayanga & Indunil S. Herath

  6. Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

    Kasun M. Thambugala

  7. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Kevin D. Hyde, Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun, Achala J. Gajanayake, Binu C. Samarakoon, Digvijayini Bundhun, Deecksha Gomdola, Ya-ru Sun & Xia Tang

  8. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Kevin D. Hyde & Itthayakorn Promputtha

  9. Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Marco Thines

  10. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Marco Thines

Authors
  1. Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
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  2. Kevin D. Hyde
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Correspondence to Kevin D. Hyde.

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Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., de Farias, A.R.G. et al. What is a species in fungal plant pathogens?. Fungal Diversity 109, 239–266 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00484-8

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