Abstract
Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly uncertain, ranging from 1.5 to 12 million, but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to date. Since the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification, the number of newly described taxa has increased from approximately 1000 to around 2000 yearly. This demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distinguish species, especially cryptic species. Many novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied regions and habitats, but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated species. In this paper, we examine 16 genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in each genus. The genera treated herein are Cercospora, Diaporthe, Meliola, Passalora, Phyllachora, Phyllosticta, Pseudocercospora, Ramularia (ascomycetes) and Cortinarius, Entoloma, Inocybe, Marasmius, Psathyrella, Puccinia, Russula, Uromyces (basidiomycetes). We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number of entries in GenBank. We introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata, Candolleomyces thailandensis, Cortinarius acutoproximus, Cortinarius melleoalbus, Cortinarius pacificus, Cortinarius parvoacetosus, Diaporthe guizhouensis, Entoloma pseudosubcorvinum, Inocybe meirensongia, Marasmius albulus, Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus, Meliola camporesii, Phyllachora siamensis, Phyllosticta doitungensis, Picipes yuxiensis, Pseudocercospora vignae, Puccinia maureanui and Russula inornata. We also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe iringolkavensis. We discuss the genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose, but do not occur in the top 40. We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdollahzadeh J, Groenewald JZ, Coetzee MPA, Wingfield MJ, Crous PW (2020) Evolution of lifestyles in Capnodiales. Stud Mycol 95:381–414
Adamčík S, Looney B, Caboň M, Jančovičová S, Adamčíková K, Avis PG, Barajas M, Bhatt RP, Corrales A, Das K, Hampe F, Gates AGG, Kälviäinen V, Khalid AN, Kiran M, De Lange R, Lee H, Lim YW, Kong A, Manz C, Ovrebo C, Saba M, Taipale T, Verbeken A, Wisitrassameewong K, Buyck B (2019) The quest for a globally comprehensible Russula language. Fungal Divers 99:369–449
Agrios GN (2005) Plant pathology. Academic Press, New York
Aime MC, McTaggart AR (2020) A higher-rank classification for rust fungi, with notes on genera. Fungal Syst Evol 7:21–47
Aime MC, Miller AN, Aoki T, Bensch K, Cai L, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Lücking R, May TW (2021) How to publish a new fungal species, or name, version 3.0. IMA Fungus 12:1–5
Amoako-Attah I, Shahin AS, Aime MC, Odamtten GT, Cornelius E, Nyaku ST, Kumi-Asare E, Yahaya HB, Bailey BA (2020) Identification and characterization of fungi causing thread blight diseases on cacao in Ghana. Plant Dis 104:3033–3042
Anderson PK, Cunningham AA, Patel NG, Morales FJ, Epstein PR, Daszak P (2004) Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers. Trends Ecol Evol 19:535–544
Antonín V (2007) Monograph of Marasmius, Gloiocephala, Palaeocephala and Setulipes in tropical Africa. In: Fungus Flora of Tropical Africa, vol 1. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Belgium, p 177
Antonín V, Noordeloos ME (2010) A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe: with 131 figures and 130 coloured plates. IHW-Verlag, Eching, p 480
Arfors KE, Ley K (1993) Sulfated polysaccharides in inflammation. J Lab Clin Med 121:201–202
Arzanlou M, Abeln ECA, Kema GHJ, Waalwijk C, Carlier J, de Vries I, Guzmán M, Crous PW (2007) Molecular diagnostics for the Sigatoka disease complex of banana. Phytopathology 97:1112–1118
Avis PG (2012) Ectomycorrhizal iconoclasts: the ITS rdna diversity and nitrophilic tendencies of fetid Russula. Mycologia 104:998–1007
Baker WA, Partridge EC, Morgan-Jones G (2000) Notes on Hyphomycetes, LXXVIII. Asperisporium sequoiae, the causal organism of conifer needle blight, reclassified in Cercosporidium, with comments on the status of the genus. Mycotaxon 76:247–256
Bakhshi M, Arzanlou M, Babai-Ahari A, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2014) Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran. Phytotaxa 184:245–264
Bakhshi M, Arzanlou M, Babai-Ahari A, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2015) Is morphology in Cercospora a reliable reflection of generic affinity? Phytotaxa 213:22–34
Baldassari RB, Wickert E, de Goes A (2008) Pathogenicity, colony morphology and diversity of isolates of Guignardia citricarpa and G. mangiferae isolated from Citrus spp. Eur J Plant Pathol 120:103–110
Bancroft J (1876) Report of the board appointed to enquire into the cause of disease affecting livestock and plants. Votes Proc 1877:1011–1038
Baroni TJ, Matheny PB (2011) A re-evaluation of gasteroid and cyphelloid species of Entolomataceae from eastern North America. Harvard Pap Bot 16:293–310
Batzer JC, Arias MMD, Harrington TC, Gleason MI, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2008) Four species of Zygophiala (Schizothyriaceae, Capnodiales) are associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple. Mycologia 100:246–258
Bau T, Yan JQ (2021) Two new rare species of Candolleomyces with pale spores from China. MycoKeys 80:149–161
Bazzicalupo AL, Buyck B, Saar I, Vauras J, Carmean D, Berbee ML (2017) Troubles with mycorrhizal mushroom identification where morphological differentiation lags behind barcode sequence divergence. Taxon 66:791–810
Bensch K, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2012) The genus Cladosporium. Stud Mycol 72:1–401
Berndt R (2013) Revision of the rust genus Uromyces on Cucurbitaceae. Mycologia 105:760–780
Bhunjun CS, Jayawardena RS, Wei DP, Huanraluek N, Abeywickrama PD, Jeewon R, Monkai J, Hyde KD (2019) Multigene phylogenetic characterisation of Colletotrichum artocarpicola sp. nov. from Artocarpus heterophyllus in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 418:273–286
Bhunjun CS, Dong Y, Jayawardena RS, Jeewon R, Phukhamsakda C, Bundhun D, Hyde KD, Sheng J (2020a) A polyphasic approach to delineate species in Bipolaris. Fungal Divers 102:225–256
Bhunjun CS, Phukhamsakda C, Hyde KD (2020b) Structure and development of ascomata. Encycl Mycol 1:255–262
Bhunjun CS, Phillips AJ, Jayawardena RS, Promputtha I, Hyde KD (2021a) Importance of molecular data to identify fungal plant pathogens and guidelines for pathogenicity testing based on Koch’s postulates. Pathogens 10:1096
Bhunjun CS, Phukhamsakda C, Jayawardena RS, Jeewon R, Promputtha I, Hyde KD (2021b) Investigating species boundaries in Colletotrichum. Fungal Divers 107:107–127
Bhunjun CS, Phukhamsakda C, Jeewon R, Promputtha I, Hyde KD (2021c) Integrating different lines of evidence to establish a novel ascomycete genus and family (Anastomitrabeculia, Anastomitrabeculiaceae) in Pleosporales. J Fungi 7:94
Bidaud A, Moënne-Loccoz P, Reumaux P (1994) Atlas des Cortinaires. Clé generale des sous-genres sections, sous sections et series. Éditions Fédération Mycologique et Botanique Dauphiné-Savoie
Blackwell M (2011) The Fungi: 1, 2, 3 … 5.1 million species? Am J Bot 98:426–438
Blackwell M (2017) Made for each other: ascomycete yeasts and insects. Microbiol Spectr 5: FUNK-0081-2016
Blehert DS, Hicks AC, Behr M, Meteyer CU, Berlowski-Zier BM, Buckles EL, Coleman JTH, Darling SR, Gargas A, Niver R, Okoniewski JC, Rudd RJ, Stone WB (2009) Bat white-nose syndrome: an emerging fungal pathogen? Science 323:227
Bödeker ITM, Clemmensen KE, de Boer W, Martin F, Olson Å, Lindahl BD (2014) Ectomycorrhizal Cortinarius species participate in enzymatic oxidation of humus in northern forest ecosystems. New Phytol 203:245–256
Bohannon J (2009) Genetics. Rooting around the Truffle genome. Science 323:1006–1007
Brandrud TE, Lindström H, Marklund H, Melot J, Muskos S (1989) Cortinarius flora photographica I (Swedish version). Cortinarius HB, Matfors, p 38
Braun U (1995) Miscellaneous notes on phytopathogenic hyphomycetes (II). Mycotaxon 55:223–241
Braun U (1998) A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia, and allied genera (phytopathogenic hyphomycetes), vol 2. IHW-Verlag, Eching
Braun U, Nakashima C, Crous PW (2013) Cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae) 1. Species on other fungi Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. IMA Fungus 4:265–345
Brayford D (1990) Variation in Phomopsis isolates from Ulmus species in the British Isles and Italy. Mycol Res 94:691–697
Bresinsky A, Besl H (1991) A colour atlas of poisonous fungi. Wolfe Publishing, London
Bruckart WL, Thomas JL, Abbasi M, Aime MC, Frederick RD, Tancos MA (2020) Uromyces rebeccae, sp. nov., a newly described rust on the federally endangered plant, California sea-blite (Suaeda californica). Mycologia 112:543–551
Buyck B (1990) Révision du genre Russula Persoon en Afrique centrale. Rijksuniversiteit Gent
Buyck B (1993) Russula I. (Russulaceae). In: Flore Illustrée des Champignons d’Afrique centrale. Jardin Botanique National Belgique, Meise
Buyck B (2007) A new initiative towards the study of Russula in the eastern USA. Pagine Micol 27:81–86
Buyck B (2008) The edible Mushrooms of Madagascar: an evolving enigma. Econ Bot 62:509–520
Buyck B (2020) One step closer to unravelling the origin of Russula: subgenus Glutinosae subg. nov. Mycosphere 11:285–305
Buyck B, Adamčik S (2013) The Russula xerampelina complex (Russulales, Agaricomycotina) in North America. Scr Bot Belgica 51:117–131
Buyck B, Hofstetter V, Eberhardt U, Verbeken A, Kauff F (2008) Walking the thin line between Russula and Lactarius: the dilemma of Russula subsect Ochricompactae. Fungal Divers 28:15–40
Buyck B, Jančovičová S, Adamčík S (2015) The study of Russula in the Western United States. Cryptogam Mycol 36:193–211
Buyck B, Zoller S, Hofstetter V (2018) Walking the thin line… ten years later: the dilemma of above- versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Divers 89:267–292
Cai L, Hyde KD, Taylor PWJ, Weir BS, Waller JM, Abang MM, Zhang JZ, Yang YL, Phoulivong S, Liu ZY, Prihastuti H, Shivas RG, McKenzie EHC, Johnston PR (2009) A polyphasic approach for studying Colletotrichum. Fungal Divers 39:183–204
Caiafa MV, Sandoval-Leiva P, Matheny PB, Calle A, Smith ME (2021) Four new species of sequestrate Inocybe from Chilean Nothofagaceae forests. Mycologia 113:629–642
Cannon PF (1988) Proposal to merge the Phyllachorales with the Diaporthales, with a new family structure. Syst Ascomycetum 7:23–43
Cannon PF (1991) A revision of Phyllachora and some similar genera on the host family Leguminosae. CAB International. Mycological Papers No. 163, Wallingford, p 302
Cannon PF (1996) Systematics and diversity of the Phyllachoraceae associated with Rosaceae, with a monograph of Polystigma. Mycol Res 100:1409–1427
Cannon PF, Damm U, Johnston PR, Weir BS (2012) Colletotrichum—current status and future directions. Stud Mycol 73:181–213
Carbone I, Kohn LM (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91:553–556
Carnegie AJ, Kathuria A, Pegg GS, Entwistle P, Nagel M, Giblin FR (2016) Impact of the invasive rust Puccinia psidii (myrtle rust) on native Myrtaceae in natural ecosystems in Australia. Biol Invasions 18:127–144
Catalogue of Life et al. (2021) Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2021-04-21. Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858
Charudattan R (2005) Ecological, practical, and political inputs into selection of weed targets: what makes a good biological control target? Biological Control 35:183–196
Cheek M, Lughadha NE, Kirk P, Lindon H, Carretero J, Looney B, Douglas B, Haelewaters D, Gaya E, Llewellyn T, Ainsworth AM, Gafforov Y, Hyde KD, Crous P, Hughes M, Walker BE, Forzza RC, Wong KM, Niskanen T (2020) New scientific discoveries: plants and fungi. Plants People Planet 2:371–388
Chen Z, Zhang P, Zhang Z (2014) Investigation and analysis of 102 mushroom poisoning cases in Southern China from 1994 to 2012. Fungal Divers 64:123–131
Chen YJ, Jayawardena RS, Bhunjun CS, Harishchandra DL, Hyde KD (2020) Pseudocercospora dypsidis sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Dypsis lutescens leaves in Thailand. Phytotaxa 474:218–234
Chen TZ, Zhang Y, Ming XB, Zhang Q, Long H, Hyde KD, Li Y, Wang Y (2021) Morphological and phylogenetic resolution of Arthrinium from medicinal plants in Yunnan, including A. cordylines and A. pseudomarii spp. nov. Mycotaxon 136:183–199
Chethana KW, Manawasinghe IS, Hurdeal VG, Bhunjun CS, Appadoo MA, Gentekaki E, Raspé O, Promputtha I, Hyde KD (2021) What are fungal species and how to delineate them? Fungal Divers 8:1–25
Chevallier FF (1826) Flore générale des environs de Paris. Ferra Jeune 1:1–674
Chupp C (1954) A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. AIBS Bull 4:11
Clay K, Shearin ZRC, Bourke KA, Bickford WA, Kowalski KP (2016) Diversity of fungal endophytes in non-native Phragmites australis in the Great Lakes. Biol Invasions 18:2703–2716
Clements FE, Shear CL (1931) The genera of fungi. The H.W. Wilson Company, New York
Co-David D, Langeveld D, Noordeloos ME (2009) Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae. Persoonia 23:147–176
Costello MJ, May RM, Stork NE (2013) Can we name Earth’s species before they go extinct? Science 339:413–416
Coyne JA, Orr HA (2004) Speciation. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, p 545
Cromey MG, Harvey IC, Sheridan JE, Grbavac N (2002) Occurrence, importance and control of Ramularia collo-cygni in New Zealand. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights, pp 7–11
Crosby TK, Dugdale JS, Watt JC (1998) Area codes for recording specimen localities in the New Zealand subregion. N Z J Zool 25:175–183
Crous PW, Braun U (2003) Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: 1. Names published in Cercospora and Passalora. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Netherlands, p 571
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ (2005) Hosts, species and genotypes: opinions versus data. Australas Plant Pathol 34:463–470
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ (2013) A phylogenetic re-evaluation of Arthrinium. IMA Fungus 4:133–154
Crous PW, Aptroot A, Kang JC, Braun U, Wingfield MJ (2000) The genus Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. Stud Mycol 2000:107–121
Crous PW, Liebenberg MM, Braun U, Groenewald JZ (2006) Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Phaeoisariopsis griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot of bean. Stud Mycol 55:163–173
Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD, Wood AR, Gueidan C, de Hoog GS, Groenewald JZ (2009) Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales. Stud Mycol 64:17–47
Crous PW, Braun U, Hunter GC, Wingfield MJ, Verkley GJM, Shin HD, Nakashima C, Groenewald JZ (2013) Phylogenetic lineages in Pseudocercospora. Stud Mycol 75:37–114
Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Wingfield MJ (2015) Identifying and naming plant-pathogenic fungi: past, present, and future. Annu Rev Phytopathol 53:247–267
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Chooi YH, Gilchrist CLM, Lacey E, Pitt JI, Roets F, Swart WJ, Cano-Lira JF, Valenzuela-Lopez N, Hubka V, Shivas RG, Stchigel AM, Holdom DG, Jurjević Z, Kachalkin AV, Lebel T, Lock C, Martín MP, Tan YP, Tomashevskaya MA, Vitelli JS, Baseia IG, Bhatt VK, Brandrud TE, De Souza JT, Dima B, Lacey HJ, Lombard L, Johnston PR, Morte A, Papp V, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Andrade E, Semwa KC, Tegart L, Abad ZG, Akulov A, Alvarado P, Alves A, Andrade JP, Arenas F, Asenjo C, Ballarà J, Barrett MD, Berná LM, Berraf-Tebba A, Bianchinotti MV, Bransgrove K, Burgess TI, Carmo FS, Chávez R, Čmoková A, Dearnaley JDW, de Santiago ALCM, Freitas-Neto JF, Denman S, Douglas B, Dovana F, Eichmeier A, Esteve-Raventós F, Farid A, Fedosova AG, Ferisin G, Ferreira RJ, Ferrer A, Figueiredo CN, Figueiredo YF, ReinosoFuentealba CG, Garrido-Benavent I, Cañete-Gibas CF, Gil-Durán C, Glushakova AM, Gonçalves MFM, González M, Gorczak M, Gorton C, Guard FE, Guarnizo AL, Guarro J, Gutiérrez M, Hama P, Hien LT, Hocking AD, Houbraken J, Hunter GC, Inácio CA, Jourdan M, Kapitonov VI, Kelly L, Khan TN, Kisło K, Kiss L, Kiyashko A, Kolařík M, Kruse J, Kubátová A, Kučera V, Kučerová I, Kušan I, Lee HB, Levicán G, Lewis A, Liem NV, Liimatainen K, Lim HJ, Lyons MN, Maciá-Vicente JG, MagañaDueñas V, Mahiques R, Malysheva EF, Marbach PAS, Marinho P, Matočec N, McTaggart AR, Mešić A, Morin L, Muñoz-Mohedano JM, Navarro-Ródenas A, Nicolli CP, Oliveira RL, Otsing E, Ovrebo CL, Pankratov TA, Paños A, Paz-Conde A, Pérez-Sierra A, Phosri C, Pintos Á, Pošta A, Prencipe S, Rubio E, Saitta A, Sales LS, Sanhueza L, Shuttleworth LA, Smith J, Smith ME, Spadaro D, Spetik M, Sochor M, Sochorová Z, Sousa JO, Suwannasai N, Tedersoo L, Thanh HM, Thao LD, Tkalčec Z, Vaghefi N, Venzhik AS, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Voyron S, Wainhouse M, Whalley AJS, Wrzosek M, Zapata M, Zeil-Rolfe I, Groenewald JZ (2020) Fungal planet description sheets: 1042–1111. Persoonia 44:301–459
Cui BK, Li HJ, Ji X, Zhou JL, Song J, Si J, Yang ZL, Dai TC (2019) Species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Divers 97:137–392
Cummins GB (1971) The rust fungi of cereals, grasses and bamboos. Springer, New York, p 570
Cummins GB (1978) Rust fungi on legumes and composites in North America. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, p 424
Cummins GB, Hiratsuka Y (2003) Illustrated genera of rust fungi, 3rd edn. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul
Cunningham GH (1924) Second supplement to the Uredinales of New Zealand. Trans Proc N Z Inst 55:392–396
Cunningham GH (1930) Seventh supplement to the Uredinales and Ustilaginales of New Zealand. Trans Proc N Z Inst 61:402–418
Cunningham GH (1931) The rust fungi of New Zealand. Dunedin, John McIndoe, p 261
Dai YC, Cui BK, Yuan HS, Li BD (2007) Pathogenic wood-decaying fungi in China. For Pathol 37:105–120
Dai YC, Yang ZL, Cui BK, Yu CJ, Zhou LW (2009) Species diversity and utilization of medicinal mushrooms and fungi in China. Int J Med Mushrooms 11:287–302
Dai DQ, Jiang HB, Tang LZ, Bhat DJ (2016) Two new species of Arthrinium (Apiosporaceae, Xylariales) associated with bamboo from Yunnan, China. Mycosphere 7:1332–1345
Dai DQ, Phookamsak R, Wijayawardene NN, Li WJ, Bhat DJ, Xu JC, Taylor JE, Hyde KD (2017) Bambusicolous fungi. Fungal Divers 82:1–105
Dar RA, Rai AN (2017) Phylogeny of Meliola mangiferae causing black mildews of Populas alba. Med Mycol Open Access 3:2–27
Darriba D, Taboada GL, Doallo R, Posada D (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nat Methods 9:772
Dayarathne MC, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Jones EBG, Goonasekara ID, Bulgakov TS, Al-Sadi AM, Hyde KD, Lumyong S, McKenzie EHC (2017) Neophyllachora gen. nov. (Phyllachorales), three new species of Phyllachora from Poaceae and resurrection of Polystigmataceae (Xylariales). Mycosphere 8:1598–1625
de Hoog GS, Vicente VA, Najafzadeh MJ, Harrak MJ, Badali H, Seyedmousavi S (2011) Waterborne Exophiala species causing disease in cold-blooded animals. Persoonia 27:46–72
de Oliveira JJS, Moncalvo JM, Margaritescu S, Capelari M (2020) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of species of Marasmius sect. Marasmius from the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. Plant Syst Evol 306:1–46
De Silva DD, Rapior S, Sudarman E, Stadler M, Xu J, Alias SA, Hyde KD (2013) Bioactive metabolites from macrofungi: ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemistry. Fungal Divers 62:1–40
de Vienne DM, Refrégier G, López-Villavicencio M, Tellier A, Hood ME, Giraud T (2013) Cospeciation vs host-shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution. New Phytol 198:347–385
Dean R, Van Kan JAL, Pretorius ZA, Hammond-Kosack KE, Di Pietro A, Spanu PD, Rudd JJ, Dickman M, Kahmann R, Ellis J, Foster GD (2012) The top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 13:414–430
Deighton FC (1979) Studies on Cercospora and allied genera VII—new species and redispositions. Mycol Pap 144:1–56
Deighton FC (1983) Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VIII. Further notes on Cercoseptoria and some new species and redispositions. Mycol Pap 151:1–13
Den Breeÿen A, Groenewald JZ, Verkley GJM, Crous PW (2006) Morphological and molecular characterisation of Mycosphaerellaceae associated with the invasive weed, Chromolaena odorata. Fungal Divers 23:89–110
Desjardin DE (1989) The genus Marasmius from the southern Appalachian Mountains. PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Dissanayake AJ, Chen YY, Liu JK (2020) Unravelling Diaporthe species associated with woody hosts from karst formations (Guizhou) in china. J Fungi 6:251
dos Santos MDM, de Noronha Fonseca ME, Silva Boiteux L, Câmara P, Dianese J (2016) ITS phylogeny and taxonomy of Phyllachora species on native Myrtaceae from the Brazilian Cerrado. Mycologia 108:1141–1164
Earle FS (1909) The genera of the North American gill fungi. Bull New York Bot Gard 5:373–451
Elena K, Alivizatos AS, Varveri C (2008) New plant pathogens reported in Greece, 1990–2007. Hellenic Protection Journal 1:1–25
Ellis M (1971) Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Kew, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, p 608
Engler A, Prantl KAE (1897) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien: T. Abt. 1.-Abt. 5. Embryophyta siphonogama, Klasse Dicotyledoneae. Engelmann, p 522
Eriksson O (1967) On graminicolous pyrenomycetes from Fennoscandia. 3. Amerosporous and didymosporous species. Arch Für Bot Ser 6:441–466
Estrada AER, del Jimenez-Gasco M, Royse DJ (2010) Pleurotus eryngii species complex: sequence analysis and phylogeny based on partial EF1α and RPB2 genes. Fungal Biol 114:421–428
Farr DF, Rossman AY (2021) Fungal databases, US national fungus collections, ARS, USDA. https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/. Accessed 14 Aug 2021
Farrer RA, Weinert LA, Bielby J, Garner TWJ, Balloux F, Clare F, Bosch J, Cunningham AA, Weldon C, du Preez LH, Anderson L, Pond SLK, Shahar-Golan R, Henk DA, Fisher MC (2011) Multiple emergences of genetically diverse amphibian-infecting chytrids include a globalized hypervirulent recombinant lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:18732–18736
Fayod V (1889) Prodrome d’une histoire naturelle des Agaricinés. Ann Soc Nat Bot VII 9:181–411
Feng Y, Liu JK, Lin CG, Chen YY, Xiang MM, Liu ZY (2021) Additions to the genus Arthrinium (Apiosporaceae) from bamboos in China. Front Microbiol 12:661281
Fisher MC, Henk D, Briggs CJ, Brownstein JS, Madoff LC, McCraw SL, Gurr SJ (2012) Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health. Nature 484:186–194
Fones HN, Fisher MC, Gurr SJ (2017) Emerging fungal threats to plants and animals challenge agriculture and ecosystem resilience. Microbiology spectrum 5:FUNK-0027-2016
Fones HN, Bebber DP, Chaloner TM, Kay WT, Steinberg G, Gurr SJ (2020) Threats to global food security from emerging fungal and oomycete crop pathogens. Nature Food 1:332–342
Freeman KR, Martin AP, Karki D, Lynch RC, Mitter MS, Meyer AF, Longcore JE, Simmons DR, Schmidt SK (2009) Evidence that chytrids dominate fungal communities in high-elevation soils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:18315–18320
Fries EM (1821) Systema mycologicum: sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit. Lundae: Ex officina Berlingiana
Fries EM (1825) Systema orbis vegetabilis. e Typographia academica, p 391
Fries EM (1835) Corpus florarum provincialium Sueciae I. Floram scanicam. Typis Palmblad, Sebell & Company, Upsaliae
Fries EM (1838) Epicrisis systematis mycologici. seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsaliæ
Fries EM (1849) Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaveae. Sectio posterior. Typographia Academica, Stockholm, pp 259–572
Frøslev TG, Matheny PB, Hibbett DS (2005) Lower level relationships in the mushroom genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): a comparison of RPB1, RPB2, and ITS phylogenies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 37:602–618
Frøslev TG, Jeppesen TS, Laessøe T (2006) Seven new calochroid and fulvoid species of Cortinarius. Mycol Res 110:1046–1058
Frøslev TG, Jeppesen TS, Læssøe T, Kjøller R (2007) Molecular phylogenetics and delimitation of species in Cortinarius section Calochroi (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe. Mol Phylogenet Evol 44:217–227
Fuckel K (1863) Fungi Rhenani exsiccati. Fasc I-IV Hedwigia 2:132–136
Fuckel L (1867) Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati Cent. XIX–XXI. 1801–2100
Gao Y, Liu F, Cai L (2016) Unravelling Diaporthe species associated with Camellia. Syst Biodivers 14:102–117
Garcia-Reyne A, López-Medrano F, Morales JM, García Esteban C, Martín I, Eraña I, Meije Y, Lalueza A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Rodríguez-Tudela JL, Aguado JM (2011) Cutaneous infection by Phomopsis longicolla in a renal transplant recipient from Guinea: first report of human infection by this fungus. Transpl Infect Dis 13:204–207
Garnica S, Weiß M, Oertel B, Oberwinkler F (2005) A framework for a phylogenetic classification in the genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) derived from morphological and molecular data. Can J Bot 83:1457–1477
Garnica S, Schön ME, Abarenkov K, Riess K, Liimatainen K, Niskanen T, Dima B, Soop K, Frøslev TG, Jeppesen TS, Peintner U, Kuhnert-Finkernagel R, Brandrud TE, Saar G, Oertel B, Ammirati JF (2016) Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 92:1–16
Gates GM, Noordeloos M (2007) Preliminary studies in the genus Entoloma in Tasmania—I. Persoonia 19:157–226
Genevieve L, Pierre-Luc C, Roxanne GT, Amélie M, Danny B, Vincent M, Hugo G (2019) Estimation of fungal diversity and identification of major abiotic drivers influencing fungal richness and communities in northern temperate and boreal Quebec forests. Forests 10:1096
Gibbs J, Brasier C, Webber J (1994) Dutch elm disease in Britain. In: Research Information Note 252. The Forestry Authority, Research Division, Farnham, Surrey
Glass NL, Donaldson GC (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1323–1330
Glen M, Tommerup IC, Bougher NL, O’Brien PA (2001) Interspecific and intraspecific variation of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Eucalyptus ecosystems as revealed by ribosomal DNA PCR-RFLP. Mycol Res 105:843–858
Glienke C, Pereira OL, Stringari D, Fabris J, Kava-Cordeiro V, Galli-Terasawa L, Cunnington J, Shivas RG, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2011) Endophytic and pathogenic Phyllosticta species, with reference to those associated with Citrus Black Spot. Persoonia 26:47–56
Glienke-Blanco C, Aguilar-Vildoso CI, Carneiro Vieira ML, Vianna Barroso PA, Azevedo JL (2002) Genetic variability in the endophytic fungus Guignardia citricarpa isolated from citrus plants. Genet Mol Biol 25:251–255
Gomes RR, Glienke C, Videira SIR, Lombard L, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2013) Diaporthe: a genus of endophytic, saprobic and plant pathogenic fungi. Persoonia 31:1–41
Gonçalves VN, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Ferreira MC, Soares MA, Jacob MR, Oliveira FS, Galante D, Rodrigues F, Alves TMA, Zani CL, Junior PAS, Murta S, Romanha AJ, Barbosa EC, Kroon EG, Oliveira JG, Gomez-Silva B, Galetovic A, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2016) Fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert: taxonomy, distribution, diversity, ecology and bioprospection for bioactive compounds. Environ Microbiol 18:232–245
Grace CL, Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Shay JE (2019) The genus Marasmius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Marasmiaceae) from Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa. Phytotaxa 414:55–104
Grimm D, Wösten HAB (2018) Mushroom cultivation in the circular economy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102:7795–7803
Groenewald M, Groenewald JZ, Braun U, Crous PW (2006) Host range of Cercospora apii and C. beticola and description of C. apiicola, a novel species from celery. Mycologia 98:275–285
Groenewald JZ, Nakashima C, Nishikawa J, Shin HD, Park JH, Jama AN, Groenewald M, Braun U, Crous PW (2013) Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses. Stud Mycol 75:115–170
Guo YL, Liu XJ, Hsieh WH (2003) Mycovellosiella, Passalora, Phaeoramularia. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, vol 20. Science Press, Beijing
Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. In: Nucleic Acids Symposium Series; Information Retrieval Ltd, London, UK, 41:95–98
Hallingbäck T, Aronsson G (1998) Ekologisk katalog över storsvampar och myxomyceter. Artdatabanken, Uppsala
Hanlin RT, Tortolero O (1991) Icones ascomycetum venezuelae: Phyllachora fusicarpa. Mycotaxon 41:19–26
Hansford CG (1946) The foliicolous ascomycetes, their parasites and associated fungi. Mycol Papers, pp 1–240
Hansford CG (1961) The Meliolineae: a monograph. Beihefte zur Sydowia
Harrington TJ, Mitchell DT (2002) Colonization of root systems of Carex flacca and C. pilulifera by Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cinnamomeus. Mycol Res 106:452–459
Hatfield JL, Antle J, Garrett KA, Izaurralde RC, Mader T, Marshall E, Nearing M, Robertson GP, Ziska L (2020) Indicators of climate change in agricultural systems. Clim Change 163:1719–1732
Hawksworth DL (1991) The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance, and conservation. Mycol Res 95:641–655
Hawksworth DL, Lücking R (2017) Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species. Microbiol Spectr 5
Hawksworth D, Sutton B, Ainsworth G (1983) Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 7th edn. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew
Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN (1995) Ainsworth and Bisby’s dictionary of fungi. CABI, Oxon, UK
Hawksworth DL, Crous PW, Redhead SA, Reynolds DR, Samson RA, Seifert KA, Taylor JW, Wingfield MJ, Abaci Ö, Aime C, Asan A, Bai FY, de Beer ZW, Begerow D, Berikten D, Boekhout T, Buchanan PK, Burgess T, Buzina W, Cai L, Cannon PF, Crane JL, Damm U, Daniel HM, van Diepeningen AD, Druzhinina I, Dyer PS, Eberhardt U, Fell JW, Frisvad JC, Geiser DM, Geml J, Glienke C, Gräfenhan T, Groenewald JZ, Groenewald M, de Gruyter J, Guého-Kellermann E, Guo LD, Hibbett DS, Hong SB, de Hoog GS, Houbraken J, Huhndorf SM, Hyde KD, Ismail A, Johnston PR, Kadaifciler DG, Kirk PM, Kõljalg U, Kurtzman CP, Lagneau PE, Lévesque CA, Liu X, Lombard L, Meyer W, Miller A, Minter DW, Najafzadeh MJ, Norvell L, Ozerskaya SM, Öziç R, Pennycook SR, Peterson SW, Pettersson OV, Quaedvlieg W, Robert VA, Ruibal C, Schnürer J, Schroers HJ, Shivas R, Slippers B, Spierenburg H, Takashima M, Taşkoin E, Thines M, Thrane U, Uztan AH, van Raak M, Varga J, Vasco A, Verkley G, Videira SIR, de Vries RP, Weir BS, Yilmaz N, Yurkov A, Zhang N (2011) The Amsterdam declaration on fungal nomenclature. IMA Fungus 2:105–112
He MQ, Zhao RL, Hyde KD, Begerow D, Kemler M, Yurkov A, McKenzie EHC, Raspé O, Kakishima M, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Vellinga EC, Halling R, Papp V, Zmitrovich IV, Buyck B, Ertz D, Wijayawardene NN, Cui BK, Schoutteten N, Liu XZ, Li TH, Yao YJ, Zhu XY, Liu AQ, Li GJ, Zhang MZ, Ling ZL, Cao B, Antonín V, Boekhout T, da Silva BDB, De Crop E, Decock C, Dima B, Dutta AK, Fell JW, Geml J, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Giachini AJ, Gibertoni TB, Gorjón SP, Haelewaters D, He SH, Hodkinson BP, Horak E, Hoshino T, Justo A, Lim YW, Menolli N Jr, Mešić A, Moncalvo JM, Mueller GM, Nagy LG, Nilsson RH, Noordeloos M, Nuytinck J, Orihara T, Ratchadawan R, Rajchenberg M, Silva-Filho AGS, Sulzbacher MA, Tkalčec Z, Valenzuela R, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Wartchow F, Wei TZ, Weiß M, Zhao CL, Kirk PM (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Divers 99:105–367
Heim R (1931) Le genre Inocybe. Enciclopédie mycologique 1. Paul Lechevalier & Fils, Paris, p 428
Henrici A (2017) Psathyrella: the state of play—including P. thujina new to Britain. Field Mycol 18:87–91
Höhnel FV (1917) Fragmente zur Mykologie (XX Mitteilung, Nr. 1031 bis 1057). Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften math.-naturw. Klasse Abt I 126:353–399
Høiland K, Holst-Jensen A (2000) Cortinarius phylogeny and possible taxonomic implications of ITS rDNA sequences. Mycologia 92:694–710
Hongsanan S, Tian Q, Peršoh D, Zeng XY, Hyde KD, Chomnunti P, Boonmee S, Bahkali AH, Wen TC (2015) Meliolales. Fungal Divers 74:91–141
Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN, McKenzie EHC, Sarma VV, Boonmee S, Lücking R, Bhat DJ, Liu NG, Tennakoon DS, Pem D, Karunarathna A, Jiang SH, Jones EBG, Phillips AJL, Manawasinghe IS, Tibpromma S, Jayasiri SC, Sandamali DS, Jayawardena RS, Wijayawardene NN, Ekanayaka AH, Jeewon R, Lu YZ, Dissanayake AJ, Zeng XY, Luo ZL, Tian Q, Phukhamsakda C, Thambugala KM, Dai DQ, Chethana KWT, Ortega S, Suija A, Senwanna C, Wijesinghe SN, Konta S, Niranjan M, Zhang SN, Ariyawansa HA, Jiang HB, Zhang JF, Norphanphoun C, de Silva NI, Thiyagaraja V, Zhang H, Bezerra JDP, Miranda-González R, Aptroot A, Kashiwadani H, Harishchandra D, Sérusiaux E, Aluthmuhandiram JVS, Abeywickrama PD, Devadatha B, Wu HX, Moon KH, Gueidan C, Schumm F, Bundhun D, Mapook A, Monkai J, Chomnunti P, Suetrong S, Chaiwan N, Dayarathne MC, Yang J, Rathnayaka AR, Bhunjun CS, Xu JC, Zheng JS, Liu G, Feng Y, Xie N (2020a) Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Mycosphere 11:1553–2107
Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN, McKenzie EHC, Sarma VV, Lücking R, Boonmee S, Bhat DJ, Liu NG, Tennakoon DS, Pem D, Karunarathna A, Jiang SH, Jones EBG, Phillips AJL, Manawasinghe IS, Tibpromma S, Jayasiri SC, Sandamali DS, Jayawardena RS, Wijayawardene NN, Ekanayaka AH, Jeewon R, Lu YZ, Phukhamsakda C, Dissanayake AJ, Zeng XY, Luo ZL, Tian Q, Thambugala KM, Dai DQ, Samarakoon MC, Chethana KWT, Ertz D, Doilom M, Liu JK, Pérez-Ortega S, Suija A, Senwanna C, Wijesinghe SN, Niranjan M, Zhang SN, Ariyawansa HA, Jiang HB, Zhang JF, Norphanphoun C, de Silva NI, Thiyagaraja V, Zhang H, Bezerra JPD, Miranda-González R, Aptroot A, Kashiwadani H, Harishchandra D, Sérusiaux E, Abeywickrama PD, Bao DF, Devadatha B, Wu HX, Moon KH, Gueidan C, Schumm F, Bundhun D, Mapook A, Monkai J, Bhunjun CS, Chomnunti P, Suetrong S, Chaiwan N, Dayarathne MC, Yang J, Rathnayaka AR, Xu JC, Zheng J, Liu G, Feng Y, Xie N (2020b) Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:17–318
Horak E (1967) Synopsis generum Agaricalium. Beiträge Zur Kryptogamen Flora Der Schweiz 13:1–741
Horak E (1979) Inocybe (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australasia. Persoonia 10:157–205
Horak E (1981) On Himalayan species of Astrosporina and Inocybe (Agaricales). Persoonia 11:303–310
Horak E (1987) Astrosporina in the alpine zone of the Swiss National Park (SNP) and adjacent regions. In: Laursen GA, Ammirati JF, Redhead SA (eds) Arctic and Alpine Mycology II. Springer, Boston, pp 205–234
Hudson HJ (1987) Guignardia leaf blotch of horsechestnut. Trans Br Mycol Soc 89:400–401
Hyde KD, Fröhlich J, Taylor JE (1998) Fungi from palms. XXXVI. Reflections on unitunicate ascomycetes with apiospores. Sydowia 50:21–80
Hyde KD, Nilsson RH, Alias SA, Ariyawansa HA, Blair JE, Cai L, de Cock AWAM, Dissanayake AJ, Glockling SL, Goonasekara ID, Gorczak M, Hahn M, Jayawardena RS, van Kan JAL, Laurence MH, Lévesque CA, Li X, Liu JK, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Manamgoda DS, Martin FN, McKenzie EHC, McTaggart AR, Mortimer PE, Nair PVR, Pawłowska J, Rintoul TL, Shivas RG, Spies CFJ, Summerell BA, Taylor PWJ, Terhem RB, Udayanga D, Vaghefi N, Walther G, Wilk M, Wrzosek M, Xu JC, Yan JY, Zhou N (2014) One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I. Fungal Divers 67:21–125
Hyde KD, Al-Hatmi AMS, Andersen B, Boekhout T, Buzina W, Dawson TL Jr, Eastwood DC, Jones EBG, de Hoog S, Kang Y, Longcore JE, McKenzie EHC, Meis JF, Pinson-Gadais L, Rathnayaka AR, Richard-Forget F, Stadler M, Theelen B, Thongbai B, Tsui CKM (2018) The world’s ten most feared fungi. Fungal Divers 93:161–194
Hyde KD, Xu JC, Rapior S, Jeewon R, Lumyong S, Niego AGT, Abeywickrama PD, Aluthmuhandiram JVS, Brahamanage RS, Brooks S, Chaiyasen A, Chethana KWT, Chomnunti P, Chepkirui C, Chuankid B, de Silva NI, Doilom M, Faulds C, Gentekaki E, Gopalan V, Kakumyan P, Harishchandra D, Hemachandran H, Hongsanan S, Karunarathna A, Karunarathna SC, Khan S, Kumla J, Jayawardena RS, Liu JK, Liu N, Luangharn T, Macabeo APG, Marasinghe DS, Meeks D, Mortimer PE, Mueller P, Nadir S, Nataraja KN, Nontachaiyapoom S, O’Brien M, Penkhrue W, Phukhamsakda C, Ramanan US, Rathnayaka AR, Sadaba RB, Sandargo B, Samarakoon BC, Tennakoon DS, Siva R, Sriprom W, Suryanarayanan TS, Sujarit K, Suwannarach N, Suwunwong T, Thongbai B, Thongklang N, Wei DP, Wijesinghe SN, Winiski J, Yan J, Yasanthika E, Stadler M (2019) The amazing potential of fungi: 50 ways we can exploit fungi industrially. Fungal Divers 97:1–136
Hyde KD, Dong Y, Phookamsak R, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, Liu NG, Abeywickrama PD, Mapook A, Wei DP, Perera RH, Manawasinghe IS, Pem D, Bundhun D, Karunarathna A, Ekanayaka AH, Bao DF, Li JF, Samarakoon MC, Chaiwan N, Lin CG, Phutthacharoen K, Zhang SN, Senanayake IC, Goonasekara ID, Thambugala KM, Phukhamsakda C, Tennakoon DS, Jiang HB, Yang J, Zeng M, Huanraluek N, Liu JK, Wijesinghe SN, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Brahmanage RS, Boonmee S, Huang SK, Thiyagaraja V, Lu YZ, Jayawardena RS, Dong W, Yang EF, Singh SK, Singh SM, Rana S, Lad SS, Anand G, Devadatha B, Niranjan M, Sarma VV, Liimatainen K, Aguirre-Hudson B, Niskanen T, Overall A, Alvarenga RLM, Gibertoni TB, Pfiegler WP, Horváth E, Imre A, Alves AL, da Silva Santos AC, Tiago PV, Bulgakov TS, Wanasinghe DN, Bahkali AH, Doilom M, Elgorban AM, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rajeshkumar KC, Haelewaters D, Mortimer PE, Zhao Q, Lumyong S, Xu J, Sheng J (2020a) Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 100:5–277
Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Chen YJ, Bhunjun CS, Calabon MS, Jiang HB, Lin CG, Norphanphoun C, Sysouphanthong P, Pem D, Tibpromma S, Zhang Q, Doilom M, Jayawardena RS, Liu JK, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Phukhamsakda C, Phookamsak R, Al-Sadi AM, Thongklang N, Wang Y, Gafforov Y, Jones EBG, Lumyong S (2020b) The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening? Fungal Divers 103:219–271
Hyde KD, Norphanphoun C, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, Bundhun D, Chen YJ, Bao DF, Boonmee S, Calabon MS, Chaiwan N, Chethana KWT, Dai DQ, Dayarathne MC, Devadatha B, Dissanayake AJ, Dissanayake LS, Doilom M, Dong W, Fan XL, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Huang SK, Jayawardena RS, Jeewon R, Karunarathna A, Konta S, Kumar V, Lin CG, Liu JK, Liu NG, Luangsa-ard J, Lumyong S, Luo ZL, Marasinghe DS, McKenzie EHC, Niego AGT, Niranjan M, Perera RH, Phukhamsakda C, Rathnayaka AR, Samarakoon MC, Samarakoon SMBC, Sarma VV, Senanayake IC, Shang QJ, Stadler M, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wei DP, Wijayawardene NN, Xiao YP, Yang J, Zeng XY, Zhang SN, Xiang MM (2020c) Refined families of Sordariomycetes. Mycosphere 11:305–1059
IPNI (2021) The international plant names index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria and Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens
Index Fungorum (2021) Index Fungorum. http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp. Accessed 09 Dec 2021
Jacobsson S (2008) Key to Inocybe. In: Knudsen H, Vesterholt J (eds) Funga nordica: agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, pp 868–906
Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Ariyawansa HA, Bhat DJ, Buyck B, Cai L, Dai YC, Abd-Elsalam KA, Ertz D, Hidayat I, Jeewon R, Jones EBG, Bahkali AH, Karunarathna SC, Liu JK, Luangsa-ard JJ, Lumbsch HT, Maharachchikumbura SSN, McKenzie EHC, Moncalvo JM, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Nilsson H, Pang KL, Pereira OL, Phillips AJL, Raspé O, Rollins AW, Romero AI, Etayo J, Selçuk F, Stephenson SL, Suetrong S, Taylor JE, Tsui CKM, Vizzini A, Abdel-Wahab MA, Wen TC, Boonmee S, Dai DQ, Daranagama DA, Dissanayake AJ, Ekanayaka AH, Fryar SC, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena RS, Li WJ, Perera RH, Phookamsak R, Silva NI, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Wijayawardene NN, Zhao RL, Zhao Q, Kang JC, Promputtha I (2015) The faces of fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Divers 74:3–18
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Wanasinghe DN, Liu NG, Phillips AJL, Oliveira-Filho JRC, da Silva GA, Gibertoni TB, Abeywikrama P, Carris LM, Chethana KWT, Dissanayake AJ, Hongsanan S, Jayasiri SC, McTaggart AR, Perera RH, Phutthacharoen K, Savchenko KG, Shivas RG, Thongklang N, Dong W, Wei D, Wijayawardena NN, Kang JC (2019a) One stop shop II: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 26–50. Fungal Divers 94:41–129
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Jeewon R, Phillips AJL, Perera RH, de Silva NI, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Samarakoon MC, Ekanayake AH, Tennakoon DS, Dissanayake AJ, Norphanphoun C, Lin C, Manawasinghe IS, Tian Q, Brahmanage R, Chomnunti P, Hongsanan S, Jayasiri SC, Halleen F, Bhunjun CS, Karunarathna A, Wang Y (2019b) One stop shop III: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 51–75. Fungal Divers 98:77–160
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Chen YJ, Papp V, Palla B, Papp D, Bhunjun CS, Hurdeal VG, Senwanna C, Manawasinghe IS, Harischandra DL, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Chuankid B, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Zeng XY, Liyanage KK, Liu NG, Karunarathna A, Hapuarachchi KK, Luangharn T, Raspé O, Brahmanage R, Doilom M, Lee HB, Mei L, Jeewon R, Huanraluek N, Chaiwan N, Stadler M, Wang Y (2020) One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100. Fungal Divers 103:87–218
Jayawardena RS, Bhunjun CS, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, Itthayakorn P (2021a) Colletotrichum: lifestyles, biology, morpho-species, species complexes and accepted species. Mycosphere 12:519–669
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, de Farias ARG, Bhunjun CS, Ferdinandez HS, Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Herath IS, Thambugala KM, Manawasinghe IS, Gajanayake AJ, Samarakoon BC, Bundhun D, Gomdola D, Huanraluek N, Sun Y, Tang X, Promputtha I, Thines M (2021b) What is a species in fungal plant pathogens? Fungal Divers 109:239–266
Jensen N, Gartz J, Laatsch H (2006) Aeruginascin, a trimethylammonium analogue of psilocybin from the hallucinogenic mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens. Planta Med 72:665–666
Jin J (2011) Conidial morphology changes in four Phyllosticta species. Mycotax 115:401–406
Katoh K, Rozewicki J, Yamada KD (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Brief Bioinform 20:1160–1166
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2001) Ainsworth and Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 9th edn. CAB International, Wallingford
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford, p 771
Kirk PM, Stalpers JA, Braun U, Crous PW, Hansen K, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Lücking R, Lumbsch TH, Rossman AY, Seifert KA, Stadler M (2013) A without-prejudice list of generic names of fungi for protection under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. IMA Fungus 4:381–443
Kirschner R (2009) Cercosporella and Ramularia. Mycologia 101:110–119
Kirschner R, Piepenbring M (2014) Two new species of Passalora and Periconiella (cercosporoid hyphomycetes) from Panama. Cryptogam Mycol 35:151–156
Kits van Waveren EK (1985) The Dutch, French and British species of Psathyrella. Persoonia 2:3–300
Kobayashi T (2002) The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe. Nov Hedwigia 124:1–246
Kobayashi H, Hatano K (2001) A morphological study of the mycorrhiza of Entoloma clypeatum f. hybridum on Rosa multiflora. Mycoscience 42:83–90
Kokkonen K (2015) A survey of boreal Entoloma with emphasis on the subgenus Rhodopolia. Mycol Prog 14:1–52
Kõljalg U, Nilsson HR, Schigel D, Tedersoo L, Larsson KH, May TW, Taylor AFS, Jeppesen TS, Frøslev TG, Lindahl BD, Põldmaa K, Saar I, Suija A, Savchenko A, Yatsiuk I, Adojaan K, Ivanov F, Piirmann T, Pöhönen R, Zirk A, Abarenkov K (2020) The taxon hypothesis paradigm—on the unambiguous detection and communication of taxa. Microorganisms 8:1910
Kühner R (1980) Les Hyménomycètes agaricoïdes (Agaricales, Tricholomatales, Pluteales, Russulales). Etude générale et classification. Numéro spécial du Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, France
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547
Kummer P (1871) Der Führer in die Pilzkunde
Kuyper TW (1986) A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe. I. Subgenus Inosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenus Inocybe. Persoonia 3:1–247
Largent D (1977) The genus Leptonia on the Pacific Coast of the United States, including a study of North American types. J. Cramer, Vaduz: Bibliotheca Mycologica, p 286
Largent DL (1994) Entolomatoid fungi of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Mad River Press Incorporated, Eureka, p 495
Largent DL, Baroni TJ (1988) How to identify mushrooms to genus VI: modern genera. Mad River Press Incorporated, Eureka, p 277
Larsson A (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinformatics 30:3276–3278
Latha KD, Manimohan P (2016) Five new species of Inocybe (Agaricales) from tropical India. Mycologia 108:110–122
Laundon GF (1973) Uredinales. In: Ainsworth GC, Sparrow FK, Sussman SA (eds) The fungi. An advanced treatise 4B. Academic Press, New York, p 279
Li AH, Yuan FX, Groenewald M, Bensch K, Yurkov AM, Li K, Han PJ, Guo LD, Aime MC, Sampaio JP, Jindamorakot S, Turchetti B, Inacio J, Fungsin B, Wang QM, Bai FY (2020) Diversity and phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts from plant leaves and soil: proposal of two new orders, three new families, eight new genera and one hundred and seven new species. Stud Mycol 96:17–140
Li H, Tian Y, Menolli N, Ye L, Karunarathna SC, Perez-Moreno J, Rahman MM, Rashid MH, Phengsintham P, Rizal L, Kasuya T, Lim YW, Dutta AK, Khalid AN, Huyen LT, Balolong MP, Baruah G, Madawala S, Thongklang N, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Xu J, Sheng J, Boa E, Mortimer PE (2021) Reviewing the world’s edible mushroom species: a new evidence-based classification system. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 20:1982–2014
Liimatainen K, Niskanen T, Dima B, Kytövuori I, Ammirati JF, Frøslev TG (2014) The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era. Persoonia 33:98–140
Liimatainen K, Niskanen T, Dima B, Ammirati JF, Kirk PM, Kytövuori I (2020) Mission impossible completed: unlocking the nomenclature of the largest and most complicated subgenus of Cortinarius, Telamonia. Fungal Divers 104:291–331
Liimatainen K, Kim JT, Pokorny L, Kirk PM, Dentinger B, Niskanen T (2022) Taming the beast: a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data. Fungal Divers 112:89−170
Liu A, Hall WJ (1999) Unbiased estimation following a group sequential test. Biometrika 86:71–78
Liu M, Hambleton S (2010) Taxonomic study of stripe rust, Puccinia striiformis sensu lato, based on molecular and morphological evidence. Fungal Biol 114:881–899
Liu M, Hambleton S (2013) Laying the foundation for a taxonomic review of Puccinia coronata s.l. in a phylogenetic context. Mycol Prog 12:63–89
Liu M, Szabo LJ, Hambleton S, Anikster Y, Kolmer JA (2013) Molecular phylogenetic relationships of the brown leaf rust fungi on wheat, rye, and other grasses. Plant Dis 97:1408–1417
Liu X, Bau T, Wang X (2017) Species diversity of Russula from the Greater and Lesser Hinggan Mountains in Northeast China. Mycosystema 36:1355–1368
Lodge DJ, Chapela I, Samuels G, Uecker FA, Desjardin D, Horak E, Miller OK Jr, Hennebert GL, Decock CA, Ammirati J, Burdsall HH Jr, Kirk PM, Minter DW, Hailing R, Laessøe T, Mueller G, Huhndorf S, Oberwinkler F, Pegler DN, Spooner B, Petersen RH, Rogers JD, Ryvarden L, Watling R, Turnbull E, Whalley AJS (1995) A survey of patterns of diversity in non-lichenized fungi. Mitt Eidgenöss Forsch Anst Wald Schnee Landsch 70:157–173
Lodge DJ, Ammirati FJ, O’Dell TE, Mueller GM (2004) Collecting and describing macrofungi. In: Biodiversity of fungi inventory and monitoring methods. Academic Press, London
Loiseau N, Mouquet N, Casajus N, Grenié M, Guéguen M, Maitner B, Mouillot D, Ostling A, Renaud J, Tucker C, Velez L, Thuiller W, Violle C (2020) Global distribution and conservation status of ecologically rare mammal and bird species. Nat Commun 11:1–11
Looney BP, Meidl P, Piatek MJ, Miettinen O, Martin FM, Matheny PB, Labbé JL (2018) Russulaceae: a new genomic dataset to study ecosystem function and evolutionary diversification of ectomycorrhizal fungi with their tree associates. New Phytol 218:54–65
Lotsy JP (1907) Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte: Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzenzystematik. Jena, Germany, Gustav Fischer
Lücking R, Aime MC, Robbertse B, Miller AN, Aoki T, Ariyawansa HA, Cardinali G, Crous PW, Druzhinina IS, Geiser DM, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Irinyi L, Jeewon R, Johnston PR, Kirk PM, Malosso E, May TW, Meyer W, Nilsson HR, Öpik M, Robert V, Stadler M, Thines M, Vu D, Yurkov AM, Zhang N, Schoch CL (2021) Fungal taxonomy and sequence-based nomenclature. Nat Microbiol 6:540–548
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC, Huang SK, Abdel-Wahab MA, Daranagama DA, Dayarathne M, D’souza MJ, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena RS, Kirk PM, Konta S, Liu JK, Liu ZY, Norphanphoun C, Pang KL, Perera RH, Senanayake IC, Shang QJ, Shenoy BD, Xiao YP, Bahkali AH, Kang JC, Somrothipol S, Suetrong S, Wen TC, Xu JC (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Divers 72:199–301
Maier W, Wingfield BD, Mennicken M, Wingfield MJ (2007) Polyphyly and two emerging lineages in the rust genera Puccinia and Uromyces. Mycol Res 111:176–185
Mapook A, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Bhat DJ, Jeewon R, Stadler M, Samarakoon MC, Malaithong M, Tanunchai B, Buscot F, Wubet T, Purahong W (2020) Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungi associated with the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed). Fungal Divers 101:1–175
Marco-Urrea E, Pérez-Trujillo M, Vicent T, Caminal G (2009) Ability of white-rot fungi to remove selected pharmaceuticals and identification of degradation products of ibuprofen by Trametes versicolor. Chemosphere 74:765–772
Mardones M, Trampe-Jaschik T, Oster S, Elliott M, Urbina H, Schmitt I, Piepenbring M (2017) Phylogeny of the order Phyllachorales (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes): among and within order relationships based on five molecular loci. Persoonia 39:74–90
Martin G (1941) Outline of the fungi. Stud Nat Hist Univ Iowa 18:192–204
Maryani N, Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, Crous PW, Kema GH (2019) New endemic Fusarium species hitch-hiking with pathogenic Fusarium strains causing Panama disease in small-holder banana plots in Indonesia. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 43:48–69
Matheny PB (2005) Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales). Mol Phylogenet Evol 35:1–20
Matheny PB, Bougher NL (2006) The new genus Auritella from Africa and Australia (Inocybaceae, Agaricales): molecular systematics, taxonomy and historical biogeography. Mycol Prog 5:2–17
Matheny PB, Kudzma LV (2019) New species of Inocybe (Inocybaceae) from eastern North America. J Torrey Bot Soc 146:213–235
Matheny PB, Watling R (2004) A new and unusual species of Inocybe (Inosperma clade) from tropical Africa. Mycotaxon 89:497–503
Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, Aime MC, Moncalvo JM, Ge ZW, Yang ZL, Slot JC, Ammirati JF, Baroni TJ, Bougher NL, Hughes KW, Lodge DJ, Kerrigan RW, Seidl MT, Aanen DK, DeNitis M, Daniele GM, Desjardin DE, Kropp BR, Norvell LL, Parker A, Vellinga EC, Vilgalys R, Hibbett DS (2006) Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycologia 98:982–995
Matheny PB, Aime MC, Bougher NL, Buyck B, Desjardin DE, Horak E, Kropp BR, Lodge DJ, Soytong K, Trappe JM, Hibbett DS (2009) Out of the Palaeotropics? Historical biogeography and diversification of the cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal mushroom family Inocybaceae. J Biogeogr 36:577–592
Matheny PB, Hobbs AM, Esteve-Raventós F (2020) Genera of Inocybaceae: new skin for the old ceremony. Mycologia 112:83–120
McKenzie EHC (1981) New Zealand rust fungi: additions and corrections. New Zeal J Bot 19:227–232
McKenzie EHC (1998) Rust fungi of New Zealand—an introduction, and list of recorded species. N Z J Bot 36:233–271
McKenzie EHC (2000) Uromyces transversalis, rust fungus found infecting Iridaceae in New Zealand. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 28:289–291
McKenzie EHC (2008) Rust fungi in the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Mycoscience 49:1–10
McNabb RFR (1962) The graminicolous rust fungi of New Zealand. Trans R Soc NZ 1:235–257
Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T (2017) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: 2010 gateway computing environments workshop (GCE), pp 1–8
Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Aime MC, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJW, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Thorn RG, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, Miller OK Jr (2002) One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 23:357–400
Montecchi A, Sarasini M (2000) Funghi ipogei d’Europa. AMB, Fondazione Centro Studi Micologici, Trento
Morozova OV, Popov ES, Kovalenko AE (2012) Studies on Mycobiota of Vietnam. I. Genus Entoloma: new records and new species. Mikol I Fitopatol 46:182–200
Morozova OV, Noordeloos ME, Popov ES, Alexandrova AV (2018) Three new species within the genus Entoloma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) with clamped basidia and a serrulatum-type lamellae edge, and their phylogenetic position. Mycol Prog 17:381–392
Moser M (1983) Die Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze, Kleine Kryprogamenflora, 5th edn. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart
Mueller GM, Schmit JP (2007) Fungal biodiversity: what do we know? What can we predict? Biodivers Conserv 16:1–5
Nagahama T, Takahashi E, Nagano Y, Abdel-Wahab MA, Miyazaki M (2011) Molecular evidence that deep-branching fungi are major fungal components in deep-sea methane cold-seep sediments. Environ Microbiol 13:2359–2370
Nagy LG, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T (2013) Morphological characterization of clades of the Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) inferred from a multigene phylogeny. Mycol Prog 12:505–517
Nannfeldt JA (1932) Studien uber die Morphologie und Systematik der nicht-lichenisierten inoperculaten Discomyceten. Nov Acta Regiae Soc Sci Upsal Ser IV 8:1–368
Nic Lughadha E, Bachman SP, Leão TCC, Forest F, Halley JM, Moat J, Acedo C, Bacon KL, Brewer RFA, Gâteblé G, Gonçalves SC, Govaerts R, Hollingsworth PM, Krisai-Greilhuber I, de Lirio EJ, Moore PGP, Negrão R, Onana JM, Rajaovelona LR, Razanajatovo H, Reich PB, Richards SL, Rivers MC, Cooper A, Iganci J, Lewis GP, Smidt EC, Antonelli A, Mueller GM, Walker BE (2020) Extinction risk and threats to plants and fungi. Plants People Planet 2:389–408
Nilsson RH, Larsson KH, Taylor AFS, Bengtsson-Palme J, Jeppesen TS, Schigel D, Kennedy P, Picard K, Glöckner FO, Tedersoo L, Saar I, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K (2019) The UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi: handling dark taxa and parallel taxonomic classifications. Nucleic Acids Res 47:D259–D264
Nitschke T (1867) Pyrenomycetes Germanici: die Kernpilze Deutschlands. Breslau
Noordeloos ME (1981) Introduction to the taxonomy of the genus Entoloma sensu lato (Agaricales). Persoonia 11:121–151
Noordeloos ME (1988) Entoloma in North America. Cryptogam Stud 2:1–168
Noordeloos ME (1992) Entoloma sl—Fungi Europaei, vol 5. Giovanna Biella, Grezzago, p 429
Noordeloos ME, Gates GM, Sachs AW (2012) The Entolomataceae of tasmania. Springer, New York, p 400
Norphanphoun C, Hongsanan S, Gentekaki E, Chen YJ, Kuo CH, Hyde KD (2020) Differentiation of species complexes in Phyllosticta enables better species resolution. Mycosphere 11:2542–2628
Nosil P (2012) Ecological speciation. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Nyakundi WO, Magoma G, Ochora J, Nyende AB (2011) Biodegradation of diazonin and methomyl pesticides by white-rot fungi from selected horticultural farms in rift valley and central provinces, Kenya. J Appl Technol Environ Sanit 1:107–124
O’Brien HE, Parrent JL, Jackson JA, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R (2005) Fungal community analysis by large-scale sequencing of environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:5544–5550
O’Donnell K, Cigelnik E (1997) Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus fusarium are non-orthologous. Mol Phylogeny Evol Fungi 7:103–116
O’Donnell K, Kistler HC, Cigelnik E, Ploetz RC (1998) Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies. Proc Natl Acad 95:2044–2049
Oerke EC, Dehne HW (2004) Safeguarding production—losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Prot 23:275–285
Okane I, Nakagiri A, Ito T, Lumyong S (2003) Extensive host range of an endophytic fungus, Guignardia endophyllicola (anamorph: Phyllosticta capitalensis). Mycoscience 44:353–363
Oliveira JJS, Moncalvo JM, Margaritescu S, Capelari M (2020) A morphological and phylogenetic evaluation of Marasmius sect. Globulares (Globulares-Sicci complex) with nine new taxa from the Neotropical Atlantic Forest. Persoonia 44:240–277
Oono R, Lefèvre E, Simha A, Lutzoni F (2015) A comparison of the community diversity of foliar fungal endophytes between seedling and adult loblolly pines (Pinus taeda). Fungal Biol 119:917–928
Oren A, Gunde-Cimerman N (2012) Fungal life in the dead sea. In: Biology of marine Fungi. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 115–132
Örstadius L, Ryberg M, Larsson E (2015) Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) with focus on psathyrelloid species: introduction of three new genera and 18 new species. Mycol Prog 14:1–42
Owings P, Desjardin DE (1997) A molecular phylogeny of Marasmius and selected segregate genera. Inoculum 48:29
Padamsee M, McKenzie EHC (2017) The intriguing and convoluted life of a heteroecious rust fungus in New Zealand. Plant Pathol 66:1248–1257
Padamsee M, Matheny PB, Dentinger BTM, McLaughlin DJ (2008) The mushroom family Psathyrellaceae: evidence for large-scale polyphyly of the genus Psathyrella. Mol Phylogenet Evol 46:415–429
Patouillard N (1887) Les Hyménomycètes d’Europe: Anatomie générale et classification des champignons supérieurs. P. Klincksieck, Paris
Patouillard N (1900) Essai taxonomique sur les familles et les genres des Hyménomycètes. Imprimerie et lithographie L. Declume
Pearce CA, Hyde KD (2001) Phyllachora cladii-glomerati and P. schoenicola: new Australian records from sedges. Australasian Mycologist 20:118–122
Pearce CA, Reddell P, Hyde KD (2000) A member of the Phyllachora shiraiana complex (Ascomycota) on Bambusa arnhemica: a new record for Australia. Australas Plant Pathol 29:205–210
Pegler DN (1977) A preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London
Pegler DN (1983) Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bull Addit Ser 9:1–668
Pegler DN (1986) Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bull Addit Ser 12:1–519
Peintner U, Bougher NL, Castellano MA, Moncalvo JM, Moser MM, Trappe JM, Vilgalys R (2001) Multiple origins of sequestrate fungi related to Cortinarius (Cortinariaceae). Am J Bot 88:2168–2179
Peintner U, Horak E, Moser MM, Vilgalys R (2002) Phylogeny of Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Mycologia 94:620–629
Peintner U, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R (2004) Toward a better understanding of the infrageneric relationships in Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Mycologia 96:1042–1058
Perreau J (1983) Russula coffeata sp. nov. d’Afrique occidental subéquatorial. Cryptog Mycol 4:157–164
Persoon CH (1818) Traité sur les champignons comestibles, contenant l’indication des espèces nuisibles; precede d’une introduction à l’histoire des champignons. Belin-Leprieur, Paris
Phukhamsakda C, McKenzie EHC, Phillips AJL, Jones EBG, Bhat DJ, Stadler M, Bhunjun CS, Wanasinghe DN, Thongbai B, Camporesi E, Ertz D, Jayawardena RS, Perera RH, Ekanayake AH, Tibpromma S, Doilom M, Xu J, Hyde KD (2020) Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal Divers 102:1–203
Phukhamsakda C, Nilsson RH, Bhunjun CS, Gomes de Farias AR, Sun YR, Wijesinghe SN, Raza M, Bao DF, Lu L, Tibpromma S, Dong W, Tennakoon DS, Tian XG, Xiong YR, Karunarathna SC, Cai L, Luo ZL, Wang Y, Manawasinghe IS, Camporesi E, Kirk PM, Kuo CH, Su HY, Doilom M, Li Y, Fu YP, Hyde KD (2022) The numbers of fungi; contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding. Fungal Divers (in press)
Pimiento C (2018) The functional consequences of extinctions: from giant sharks to small mollusks. In: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p 67
Pinho DB, Honorato Junior J, Firmino AL, Hora Junior BT, Mizubuti ESG, Pereira OL (2014) Reappraisal of the black mildews (Meliolales) on Hevea brasiliensis. Trop Plant Pathol 39:89–94
Pintos Á, Alvarado P (2021) Phylogenetic delimitation of Apiospora and Arthrinium. Fungal Syst Evol 7:197–221
Pintos Á, Alvarado P, Planas J, Jarling R (2019) Six new species of Arthrinium from Europe and notes about A. Caricicola and other species found in Carex spp. hosts. Mycokeys 49:15–48
Pirozynski KA, Malloch DW (1975) The origin of land plants: a matter of mycotrophism. Biosystems 6:153–164
Pointing SB, Pelling AL, Smith GJD, Hyde KD, Reddy CA (2005) Screening of basidiomycetes and xylariaceous fungi for lignin peroxidase and laccase gene-specific sequences. Mycol Res 109:115–124
Pretorius MC, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Braun U (2003) Phylogeny of some cercosporoid fungi from Citrus. Sydowia 55:286–305
Prosser JI (2015) Dispersing misconceptions and identifying opportunities for the use of “omics” in soil microbial ecology. Nat Rev Microbiol 13:439–446
Pu J, Xie Y, Zhang X, Qi Y, Zhang C, Liu X (2008) Preinfection behaviour of Phyllosticta musarum on banana leaves. Australas Plant Pathol 37:60–64
Punithalingam E (1968) Uromyces dianthi. CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. C Descr Pathog Fungi Bact 180:1–2
Purvis A, Hector A (2000) Getting the measure of biodiversity. Nature 405:212–219
Raman J, Jang KY, Oh YL, Oh M, Im JH, Lakshmanan H, Sabaratnam V (2021) Cultivation and nutritional value of prominent Pleurotus spp.: AN overview. Mycobiology 49:1–14
Rambaut A (2014) FigTree v1.4. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/
Rambaut A, Drummond AJ, Xie D, Baele G, Suchard MA (2018) Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 17. Syst Biol 67:901
Ramírez NA, Niveiro N, Salvador-Montoya CA, Da Motta FP, Pérez ML, Popoff OF (2021) Marasmius tricystidiatus sp. nov. (Agaricales, Marasmiaceae) and its morphological and phylogenetic relationship with Marasmius jalapensis. Phytotaxa 494:59–74
Rashmi M, Kushveer JS, Sarma VV (2019) A worldwide list of endophytic fungi with notes on ecology and diversity. Mycosphere 10:798–1079
Redhead SA, Vilgalys R, Moncalvo J-M, Johnson J, Hopple JS Jr (2001) Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon 50:203–241
Rehner SA, Uecker FA (1994) Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer phylogeny and host diversity in the coelomycete Phomopsis. Can J Bot 72:1666–1674
Richards TA, Leonard G, Mahé F, del Campo J, Romac S, Jones MDM, Maguire F, Dunthorn M, De Vargas C, Massana R, Chambouvet A (2015) Molecular diversity and distribution of marine fungi across 130 european environmental samples. Proc R Soc B 282:20152243
Romagnesi H (1967) Les Russules d’Europe et d’Afrique du Nord. Publ La Société Linnéenne Lyon 36:269–271
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck J (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574
Rossman AY, Adams GC, Cannon PF, Castlebury LA, Crous PW, Gryzenhout M, Jaklitsch WM, Mejia LC, Stoykov D, Udayanga D, Voglmayr H, Walker DM (2015) Recommendations of generic names in Diaporthales competing for protection or use. IMA Fungus 6:145–154
Rühl M, Fischer C, Kües U (2008) Ligninolytic enzyme activities alternate with mushroom production during industrial cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on wheat straw-based substrate. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2:478–492
Saccardo PA (1875) Conspectus generum pyrenomycetum italicorum additis speciebus fungorum Venetorum novis vel criticis, systemate carpologico dispositorum. Atti Della Soc Veneziana-Trentina-Istriana Di Sci Nat 4:77–100
Sánchez OP, Piepenbring M (2014) Species of Uromyces (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) on Loranthaceae. Trop Plant Pathol 39:141–153
Sarnari M (2005) Monographia illustrata del genre Russula in Europa. Assoc Micol Bresadola, Trento
Sayers EW, Cavanaugh M, Clark K, Pruitt KD, Schoch CL, Sherry ST, Karsch-Mizrachi I (2021) GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res 49:D92-D96
Schmit JP, Mueller GM (2007) An estimate of the lower limit of global fungal diversity. Biodivers Conserv 16:99–111
Schoch CL, Shoemaker RA, Seifert KA, Hambleton S, Spatafora JW, Crous PW (2006) A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci. Mycologia 98:1041–1052
Schroeter J (1889) Die Pilze Schlesiens. Kryptogammen-Flora Von 3:1–814
Senanayake IC, Rathnayake AR, Marasinghe DS, Calabon MS, Gentekaki E, Lee HB, Hurdeal VG, Pem D, Dissanayake LS, Wijesinghe SN, Bundhun D, Nguyen TT, Goonasekara ID, Abeywickrama PD, Bhunjun CS, Jayawardena RS, Wanasinghe DN, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Xiang MM (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11:2678–2754
Shaffer RL (1972) North American russulas of the subsection Foetentinae. Mycologia 64:1008–1053
Shay JE, Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Grace CL, Newman DS (2017) Biodiversity and phylogeny of Marasmius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 292:101–149
Shivas RG, Marney TS, Tan YP, McTaggart AR (2015) Novel species of Cercospora and Pseudocercospora (Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae) from Australia. Fungal Biol 119:362–369
Sicoli G, Passalacqua NG, De Giuseppe AB, Palermo AM, Pellegrino G (2019) A new species of Psathyrella (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from Italy. MycoKeys 52:89–102
Silva M, Barreto RW, Pereira OL, Freitas NM, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2016) Exploring fungal mega-diversity: Pseudocercospora from Brazil. Persoonia 37:142–172
Singer R (1976) Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes-Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotrop 17:1–347
Singer R (1986) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4th edn. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein
Singer R, Smith AH (1946) Proposals concerning the nomenclature of the gill fungi including a list of proposed lectotypes and genera conservanda. Mycologia 38:240–299
Singh A, Bhartiya HD (2020) A novel species of Passalora (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Dolichos lablab from India. Crop Res 55:32–35
Singh RP, Hodson DP, Jin Y, Lagudah ES, Ayliffe MA, Bhavani S, Rouse MN, Pretorius ZA, Szabo LJ, Huerta-Espino J, Basnet BR, Lan C, Hovmøller MS (2015) Emergence and spread of new races of wheat stem rust fungus: continued threat to food security and prospects of genetic control. Phytopathology 105:872–884
Smith AH (1972) North American species of Psathyrella. New York Bot Gard 24:1–633
Soares WRO, Dianese JC (2014) New Meliola species on fabaceous hosts from the Brazilian Cerrado. Mycol Prog 13:321–331
Song J, Sun YF, Ji X, Dai YC, Cui BK (2018) Phylogeny and taxonomy of Laetiporus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) with descriptions of two new species from western China. MycoKeys 37:57–71
Soop K, Dima B, Cooper JA, Park D, Oertel B (2019) A phylogenetic approach to a global supraspecific taxonomy of Cortinarius (Agaricales) with an emphasis on the southern mycota. Persoonia 42:261–290
Species Fungorum (2021) Species Fungorum. http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp. Accessed 09 Dec 2021
Spegazzini C (1910) Mycetes argentinenses, series V. An Mus Nac Hist Nat B Aires 20:329–467
Stadler M, Læssøe T, Fournier J, Decock C, Schmieschek B, Tichy HV, Peršoh D (2014) A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae). Stud Mycol 77:1–143
Stamatakis A (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30:1312–1313
Stangl J (1989) Die Gattung Inocybe in Bayern. Hoppea Bd 46:5–388
Stefani FOP, Jones RH, May TW (2014) Concordance of seven gene genealogies compared to phenotypic data reveals multiple cryptic species in Australian dermocyboid Cortinarius (Agaricales). Mol Phylogenet Evol 71:249–260
Stensrud Ø, Orr RJS, Reier-Røberg K, Schumacher T, Orr R, Høiland K (2014) Phylogenetic relationships in Cortinarius with focus on North European species. Karstenia 54:57–71
Sutton BC (1980) The Coelomycetes. Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Kew, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, p 696
Synytsya A, Míčková K, Jablonský I, Sluková M, Čopíková J (2008) Mushrooms of genus Pleurotus as a source of dietary fibres and glucans for food supplements. Czech J Food Sci 26:441–446
Swofford DL (2002) PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 4.0 b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland
Tan Y, Desjardin D, Perry B, Vikineswary S, Noorlidah A (2009) Marasmius sensu stricto in Peninsular Malaysia. Fungal Divers 37:9–100
Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Anslan S, Bahram M, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco-Palacios AM, Saitta A, Antonelli A, Rinaldi AC, Verbeken A, Sulistyo BP, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Ritter CD, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Dai DQ, Gohar D, Sharmah D, Biersma EM, Cameron EK, Crop ED, Otsing E, Davydov EA, Albornoz FE, Brearley FQ, Buegger F, Gates G, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Hiiesalu I, Zettur I, Barrio IC, Pärn J, Heilmann-Clausen J, Ankuda J, Kupagme JY, Sarapuu J, Maciá-Vicente JG, Fovo JD, Geml J,.Alatalo JM, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Monkai J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan KI, Armolaitis K, Hyde KD, Newsham KK, Panksep K, Adebola LA, Lamit LJ, Saba M, da Silva Cáceres ME, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Bálint M, Wijayawardene N, Hagh-Doust N, Yorou NS, Kurina O, Mortimer PE, Meidl P, Nilsson RH, Puusepp R, Casique-Valdés R, Drenkhan R, Garibay-Orijel R, Godoy R, Alfarraj S, Rahimlou S, Põlme S, Dudov SV, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel TW, Roslin T, Fedosov VE, Onipchenko VG, Yasanthika E, Lim YW, Piepenbring M, Klavina D, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K (2021) The Global Soil Mycobiome consortium dataset for boosting fungal diversity research. Fungal Divers 111:573–588
Theissen F, Sydow H (1915) Die Dothideales: kritisch-systematische original-untersuchungen. R. Friedlaender & Sohn, Berlin, p 746
Thines M, Crous PW, Aime MC, Aoki T, Cai L, Hyde KD, Miller AN, Zhang N, Stadler M (2018) Ten reasons why a sequence-based nomenclature is not useful for fungi anytime soon. IMA Fungus 9:177–183
Thoen E, Aas AB, Vik U, Brysting AK, Skrede I, Carlsen T, Kauserud H (2019) A single ectomycorrhizal plant root system includes a diverse and spatially structured fungal community. Mycorrhiza 29:167–180
Tibpromma S, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Bhat DJ, Phillips AJL, Wanasinghe DN, Samarakoon MC, Jayawardena RS, Dissanayake AJ, Tennakoon DS, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Tang AMC, Xu JC, Mortimer PE, Promputtha I, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Khan S, Karunarathna SC (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. Fungal Divers 93:1–160
Toro RA (1927) Fungi of Santo Domingo—I. Mycologia 19:66–85
Udayanga D, Liu X, McKenzie EHC, Chukeatirote E, Bahkali AHA, Hyde KD (2011) The genus Phomopsis: Biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens. Fungal Divers 50:189–225
Udayanga D, Liu X, Crous PW, McKenzie EH, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD (2012) A multi-locus phylogenetic evaluation of Diaporthe (Phomopsis). Fungal Divers 56:157–171
Udayanga D, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD (2014) Insights into the genus Diaporthe: phylogenetic species delimitation in the D. eres species complex. Fungal Divers 67:203–229
Uecker FA (1988) A world list of Phomopsis names with notes on nomenclature, morphology and biology. Mycol Mem 13:1–231
Unger F (1833) Die Exantheme der Pflanzen und einige mit diesen verwandte Krankheiten der Gewächse: pathogenetisch und nosographisch dargestellt; Mit 7 Kupfertafeln. Gerold
Vaidya G, Lohman DJ, Meier R (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics 27:171–180
van der Aa HA (1973) Studies in Phyllosticta I. Stud Mycol 5:1–110
van der Aa HA, Vanev S (2002) A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht
van der Merwe M, Ericson L, Walker J, Thrall PH, Burdon JJ (2007) Evolutionary relationships among species of Puccinia and Uromyces (Pucciniaceae, Uredinales) inferred from partial protein coding gene phylogenies. Mycol Res 111:163–175
Venturella G, Saitta A, Mandracchia G, Gargano ML (2012) Two rare northern Entoloma species observed in Sicily under exceptionally cold weather conditions. Sci World J. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/957212
Verkley GJM, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Braun U, Aptroot A (2004) Mycosphaerella punctiformis revisited: Morphology, phylogeny, and epitypification of the type species of the genus Mycosphaerella (Dothideales, Ascomycota). Mycol Res 108:1271–1282
Vesterholt J (1991) Knold-slørhatte (Cortinarius underslaegt Phlegmacium) som indikatorarter for en type vaerdifulde løvskovslokaliteter. Svampe 24:27–48
Videira SIR, Groenewald JZ, Braun U, Shin HD, Crous PW (2016) All that glitters is not Ramularia. Stud Mycol 83:49–163
Videira SIR, Groenewald JZ, Kolecka A, van Haren L, Boekhout T, Crous PW (2015a) Elucidating the Ramularia eucalypti species complex. Persoonia 34:50–64
Videira SIR, Groenewald JZ, Verkley GJM, Braun U, Barreto RW, de Wit PJGM, Crous PW (2015b) The rise of Ramularia from the Mycosphaerella labyrinth. Fungal Biol 119:823–843
Videira SIR, Groenewald JZ, Nakashima C, Braun U, Barreto RW, de Wit PJGM, Crous PW (2017) Mycosphaerellaceae—Chaos or clarity? Stud Mycol 87:257–421
Vilgalys R, Hester M (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J Bacteriol 172:4238–4246
Voto P, Dovana F, Garbelotto M (2019) A revision of the genus Psathyrella, with a focus on subsection Spadiceogriseae. Fungal Syst Evol 4:97–170
Vrinda KB, Pradeep CK, Mathew S, Abraham TK (1999) Agaricales from Western Ghats-VI. Indian Phytopathol 52:198–200
Wächter D, Melzer A (2020) Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree. Mycol Prog 19:1151–1265
Wainwright M, Wickramasinghe NC, Narlikar JV, Rajaratnam P (2003) Microorganisms cultured from stratospheric air samples obtained at 41 km. FEMS Microbiol Lett 218:161–165
Wang J, Buyck B, Wang XH, Bau T (2019a) Visiting Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) with samples from southwestern China finds one new subsection of R. subg. Heterophyllidia with two new species. Mycol Prog 18:771–784
Wang Q, Liu Z, He W, Zhang Y (2019b) Pseudocercospora spp. from leaf spots of Euonymus japonicus in China. Mycosystema 38:159–170
Wannathes N, Desjardin DE, Lumyong S (2009) Four new species of Marasmius section Globulares from northern Thailand. Fungal Divers 36:155–163
Wannathes N, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Lumyong S (2019) Two novel species of Marasmius (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from lower northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 403:111–121
Wasser S (2002) Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 60:258–274
Webber JF, Gibbs JN (1984) Colonization of elm bark by Phomopsis oblonga. Trans Br Mycol Soc 82:348–352
WeiMin Z, Taihui L (2002) A new subgenus and a new species of Entoloma. Mycosystema 21:153–155
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis M, Gelfand D, Shinsky J, White T (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, pp 315–322
Wijayawardene NN, Crous PW, Kirk PM, Hawksworth DL, Boonmee S, Braun U, Dai DQ, Dsouza MJ, Diederich P, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Hongsanan S, Jones EBG, Groenewald JZ, Jayawardena R, Lawrey JD, Liu JK, Lücking R, Madrid H, Manamgoda DS, Muggia L, Nelsen MP, Phookamsak R, Suetrong S, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Wanasinghe DN, Wikee S, Zhang Y, Aptroot A, Ariyawansa HA, Bahkali AH, Bhat DJ, Gueidan C, Chomnunti P, De Hoog GS, Knudsen K, Li WJ, McKenzie EHC, Miller AN, Phillips AJL, Piątek M, Raja HA, Shivas RS, Slippers B, Taylor JE, Tian Q, Wang Y, Woudenberg JHC, Cai L, Jaklitsch WM, Hyde KD (2014) Naming and outline of Dothideomycetes—2014 including proposals for the protection or suppression of generic names. Fungal Divers 69:1–55
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LKT, Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, Zhao RL, Aptroot A, Leontyev DV, Saxena RK, Tokarev YS, Dai DQ, Letcher PM, Stephenson SL, Ertz D, Lumbsch HT, Kukwa M, Issi IV, Madrid H, Phillips AJL, Selbmann L, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Bensch K, Kirk P, Kolaříková Z, Raja HA, Radek R, Papp V, Dima B, Ma J, Malosso E, Takamatsu S, Rambold G, Gannibal PB, Triebel D, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Suetrong S, Timdal E, Fryar SC, Delgado G, Réblová M, Doilom M, Dolatabadi S, Pawłowska J, Humber RA, Kodsueb R, Sánchez-Castrov I, Goto BT, Silva DKA, de Souza FA, Oehl F, da Silva GA, Silva IR, Błaszkowski J, Jobim K, Maia LC, Barbosa FR, Fiuza PO, Divakar PK, Shenoy BD, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Somrithipol S, Karunarathna SC, Tibpromma S, Mortimer PE, Wanasinghe DN, Phookamsak R, Xu J, Wang Y, Fenghua T, Alvarado P, Li DW, Kušan I, Matočec N, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Papizadeh M, Heredia G, Wartchow F, Bakhshi M, Boehm E, Youssef N, Hustad VP, Lawrey JD, Santiago ALCM, Bezerra JDP, Souza-Motta CM, Firmino AL, Tian Q, Houbraken J, Hongsanan S, Tanaka K, Dissanayake AJ, Monteiro JS, Grossart HP, Suija A, Weerakoon G, Etayo J, Tsurykau A, Kuhnert E, Vázquez V, Mungai P, Damm U, Li QR, Zhang H, Boonmee S, Lu YZ, Becerra AG, Kendrick B, Brearley FQ, Motiejűnaitë J, Sharma B, Khare R, Gaikwad S, Wijesundara DSA, Tang LZ, He MQ, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Zhurbenko MP, McKenzie EHC, Stadler M, Bhat DJ, Kui-Liu J, Raza M, Jeewon R, Nassonova ES, Prieto M, Jayalal RGU, Erdoðdu M, Yurkov A, Schnittler M, Shchepin ON, Novozhilov YK, Silva-Filho AGS, Gentekaki E, Liu P, Cavender JC, Kang Y, Mohammad S, Zhang LF, Xu RF, Li YM, Dayarathne MC, Ekanayaka AH, Wen TC, Deng CY, Lateef AA, Pereira OL, Navathe S, Hawksworth DL, Fan XL, Dissanayake LS, Kuhnert E, Grossart HP, Thines M (2020) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11:1060–1456
Wikee S, Udayanga D, Crous PW, Chukeatirote E, McKenzie EHC, Bahkali AH, Dai DQ, Hyde KD (2011) Phyllosticta—an overview of current status of species recognition. Fungal Divers 51:43–61
Wikee S, Lombard L, Nakashima C, Motohashi K, Chukeatirote E, Cheewangkoon R, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Crous PW (2013) A phylogenetic re-evaluation of Phyllosticta (Botryosphaeriales). Stud Mycol 76:1–29
Willis KJ (2017) State of the world’s plants 2017—report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Willis KJ (2018) State of the world’s fungi 2018—report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, p 92
Wilson AW, Desjardin DE (2005) Phylogenetic relationships in the gymnopoid and marasmioid fungi (Basidiomycetes, euagarics clade). Mycologia 97:667–679
Wilson M, Henderson DM (1966) British rust fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Wong MH, Crous PW, Henderson J, Groenewald JZ, Drenth A (2012) Phyllosticta species associated with freckle disease of banana. Fungal Divers 56:173–187
Wu B, Hussain M, Zhang W, Stadler M, Liu X, Xiang M (2019) Current insights into fungal species diversity and perspective on naming the environmental DNA sequences of fungi. Mycology 10:127–140
Wu N, Dissanayake AJ, Manawasinghe IS, Rathnayaka AR, Jian-Kui L, Phillips AJL, Promputtha I, Hyde KD (2021) https://botryosphaeriales.org/, an online platform for up-to-date classification and account of taxa of Botryosphaeriales. Database 2021:1–9
Yan JQ, Bau T (2018) The Northeast Chinese species of Psathyrella (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae). MycoKeys 33:85–102
Yang CL, Xu XL, Liu YG, Xu XL (2019) First report of bamboo blight disease caused by Arthrinium yunnanum on Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan, China. Plant Dis 103:1026–1026
Yang Q, Jiang N, Tian CM (2020) Three new Diaporthe species from Shaanxi Province, China. MycoKeys 67:1–18
Yuan F, Song Y, Buyck B, Li J, Qiu L (2019) Russula viridicinnamomea F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov. and R. pseudocatillus F. Yuan & Y. Song, sp. nov., two new species from southern China. Cryptogam Mycol 40:45–56
Yuan HS, Lu X, Dai YC, Hyde KD, Kan YH, Kušan I, He SH, Liu NG, Sarma VV, Zhao CL, Cui BK, Yousaf N, Sun G, Liu SY, Wu F, Lin CG, Dayarathne MC, Gibertoni TB, Conceição LB, Garibay-Orijel R, Villegas-Ríos M, Salas-Lizana R, Wei TZ, Qiu JZ, Yu ZF, Phookamsak R, Zeng M, Paloi S, Bao DF, Abeywickrama PD, Wei DP, Yang J, Manawasinghe IS, Harishchandra D, Brahmanage RS, de Silva NI, Tennakoon DS, Karunarathna A, Gafforov Y, Pem D, Zhang SN, de Azevedo SALCM, Bezerra JDP, Dima B, Acharya K, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Bahkali AH, Bhatt VK, Brandrud TE, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E, Cao T, Chen YX, Chen YY, Devadatha B, Elgorban AM, Fan LF, Du X, Gao L, Gonçalves CM, Gusmão LFP, Huanraluek N, Jadan M, Jayawardena RS, Khalid AN, Langer E, Lima DX, de Lima-Júnior NC, de Lira CRS, Liu JK, Liu S, Lumyong S, Luo ZL, Matočec N, Niranjan M, Oliveira-Filho JRC, Papp V, Pérez-Pazos E, Phillips AJL, Qiu PL, Ren Y, Ruiz RFC, Semwal KC, Soop K, de Souza CAF, Souza-Motta CM, Sun LH, Xie ML, Yao YJ, Zhao Q, Zhou LW (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1277–1386: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 104:1–266
Zapata M, Palma MA, Aninat MJ, Piontelli E (2020) Polyphasic studies of new species of Diaporthe from native forest in Chile, with descriptions of Diaporthe araucanorum sp. nov., Diaporthe foikelawen sp. nov. and Diaporthe patagonica sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:3379–3390
Zeng XY, Zhao JJ, Hongsanan S, Chomnunti P, Boonmee S, Wen TC (2017) A checklist for identifying Meliolales species. Mycosphere 8:218–359
Zeng XY, Jeewon R, Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Wen TC (2020) Unravelling evolutionary relationships between epifoliar Meliolaceae and angiosperms. J Syst Evol. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12643
Zhang JL, Guo ZL, Qian ZD, Lü YY, Cui GF (2021) Survival pressure of a rare and endangered plant natural population of Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis. Acta Ecological Sinica 41:9581–9592
Zhao CL, Wu ZQ (2017) Ceriporiopsis kunmingensis sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Mycol Prog 16:93–100
Zhao J, Wang M, Chen X, Kang Z (2016) Role of alternate hosts in epidemiology and pathogen variation of cereal rusts. Annual Review of Phytopathology 54:207–228
Zhaxybayeva O, Gogarten JP (2002) Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses. BMC Genomics 3:1–5
Zheng F, An Q, Meng G, Wu XJ, Dai YC, Si J, Cui BK (2017) A novel laccase from white rot fungus Trametes orientalis: purification, characterization, and application. Int J Biol Macromol 102:758–770
Zhou JL, Zhu L, Chen H, Cui BK (2016) Taxonomy and phylogeny of polyporus group Melanopus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China. PLoS ONE 11:e0159495
Zhou S, Song Y, Chen K, Li J, Buyck B, Qiu L (2020) Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogam Mycol 41:219–234
Zmitrovich IV, Kovalenko AE (2016) Lentinoid and polyporoid fungi, two generic conglomerates containing important medicinal mushrooms in molecular perspective. Int J Med Mushrooms 18:23–38
Zoller S, Scheidegger C, Sperisen C (1999) PCR primers for the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA of lichen-forming ascomycetes. Lichenologist 31:511–516
Acknowledgements
Chitrabhanu Bhunjun would like to thank Dr. Paul Kirk, the International Plant Names Index and Dr. Shaun Pennycook from Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research, New Zealand. Chitrabhanu Bhunjun would like to thank Martin van de Bult, Narong Apichai and the Doi Tung Development Project, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chitrabhanu Bhunjun would also like to thank Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Kevin D. Hyde thanks Chiang Mai University for the award of visiting Professor. Chayanard Phukhamsakda (Postdoctoral number 271007) would like to thank Jilin Agricultural University, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for granting a Youth Science Fund Project (number 32100007). Ruvishika S. Jayawardena would like to thank the National Research Council of Thailand, Grant for new researcher NRCT5-TRG630010-01, entitled “Biodiversity, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Colletotrichum in northern Thailand”. Dr Yuguang Fan would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31860009 & 31400024), Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2019RC230), the Innovative Research Projects for Graduate Students in Hainan Medical University, Hainan China (HYYS2020-42). Dr Nakarin Suwannarach thanks Chiang Mai University. Nopparat Wannathes thanks the Science Center and Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University for providing instruments. The field collection in Khao Yai National Park is under permit number 0907.4/13702. Prof. Bart Buyck thanks the National Geographic Society Exploration program for funding the field trip to Madagascar through grant number 7921-05; personnel of the Microbiology unit (LME) of the “Centre National de Recherche sur l’Environnement” (CNRE) at Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo, as well as Valerie Hofstetter (Agroscope, Suisse) are thanked for logistical support and field assistance. Dr. Tuula Niskanen and Kare Liimatainen thank Andrus and MariaVoitk and Michael Burzynski for their hospitality and making it possible to conduct fieldwork in Canada. Foray Newfoundland and Labrador and GrosMorne National Park are also greatly acknowledged. The work is supported in part by the D. E. Stuntz Memorial Foundation.
Funding
This research was funded by the Thailand Research Fund, grant RDG6130001, titled “Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Consent to participate
All authors have agreed to participate in this research.
Consent for publication
All authors have read and approved the submitted manuscript.
Additional information
Communicated by Indunil Chinthani Senanayake
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhunjun, C.S., Niskanen, T., Suwannarach, N. et al. The numbers of fungi: are the most speciose genera truly diverse?. Fungal Diversity 114, 387–462 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00501-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00501-4