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Systematic classification and phylogenetic relationships of the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales

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Abstract

The brown-rot fungi play an important role in forest ecosystems; they can degrade celluloses and hemicelluloses of wood and maintain nutrient cycling. Some of the brown-rot fungi also have important economic value as medicinal or edible mushrooms. Recent studies showed that the ability to produce brown rot has evolved independently at least five times. Nevertheless, the Polyporales contains the vast majority of the species of the brown-rot fungi. In this study, the classification system of the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales is revised. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are analysed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). The study showed that the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales formed fourteen lineages, which are assigned at family level, including four new families: Auriporiaceae, Piptoporellaceae, Postiaceae, Taiwanofungaceae, and ten existing families: Adustoporiaceae, Dacryobolaceae, Fibroporiaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Laetiporaceae, Laricifomitaceae, Phaeolaceae, Pycnoporellaceae, Sarcoporiaceae, and Sparassidaceae. Meanwhile, eleven new genera, viz., Austroporia, Aurantipostia, Austropostia, Daedalella, Nothofagiporus, Pseudoantrodia, Pseudofomitopsis, Rhodoantrodia, Tenuipostia, Wolfiporiella and Wolfiporiopsis are proposed; eighteen new species, viz., Amyloporia nivea, Antrodia subheteromorpha, Aurantipostia macrospora, Austropostia hirsuta, A. plumbea, A. subpunctata, Cystidiopostia subhibernica, Daedalella micropora, Fuscopostia subfragilis, Lentoporia subcarbonica, Melanoporia tropica, Neolentiporus tropicus, Phaeolus fragilis, Postia crassicontexta, Pseudoantrodia monomitica, Pseudofomitopsis microcarpa, Resinoporia luteola and Rhodonia subrancida are described; and twelve new combinations, viz., Austroporia stratosa, Austropostia brunnea, A. pelliculosa, A. punctata, Nothofagiporus venatus, Rhodoantrodia tropica, R. yunnanensis, Tenuipostia dissecta, Wolfiporiella cartilaginea, W. curvispora, W. dilatohypha and Wolfiporiopsis castanopsidis, are proposed. Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided. Notes on the genera of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are provided.

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Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to Dr. Josef Vlasák (Czech Republic) and the curators of herbaria of O, H, K, MEL, LY, PRM, FH, CFMR, CIEFAP, PDD, TFM-F, TNM, HMAS, HKAS, GDGM and IFP for loan of specimens. Drs. Jie Song (China), Lu-Lu Shen (China), Mei-Ling Han (China), Jia-Hui Xing (China) and Ms. Xing Ji (China), Yan Wang (China), Yu-Li Han (China) are grateful for help during field collections and molecular studies. Drs. Yu-Cheng Dai (China), Shuang-Hui He (China), Fang Wu (China), Hai-Jiao Li (China), Hai-Sheng Yuan (China), Yu-Lian Wei (China), Li-Wei Zhou (China), Jun-Zhi Qiu (China), Chang-Lin Zhao (China), Jun-Liang Zhou (China), Hai-Xia Ma (China), Bo Zhang (China), Shi-Liang Liu (China), Ming Zhang (China), De-Wei Li (USA) are thanked for companionship during field collections. The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U2003211, 32270010, 31870008), the Scientific and Technological Tackling Plan for the Key Fields of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (No. 2021AB004), and Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project (No. 2019JQ03016).

Funding

The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U2003211, 32270010, 31870008), the Scientific and Technological Tackling Plan for the Key Fields of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (No. 2021AB004), and Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project (No. 2019JQ03016).

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B-KC, SL and Y-YC designed the experiment; B-KC, SL, Y-YC, Y-FS, X-LH, C-GS, JS and GG prepared the samples; SL, Y-YC, Y-FS, X-LH, C-GS and B-KC conducted the molecular experiments and analyzed the data; SL, Y-YC, Y-FS, X-LH, JS, GG and B-KC drafted the manuscript. All the authors approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bao-Kai Cui.

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The authors declare that there are no conlict of interest related to this study.

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Handling Editor: Zhu Liang Yang.

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Liu, S., Chen, YY., Sun, YF. et al. Systematic classification and phylogenetic relationships of the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales. Fungal Diversity 118, 1–94 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00511-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00511-2

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