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Analysis of floral biomass utilization feasibility of Ixora coccinea for its cost-effective application as a natural colorant

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Abstract

Ixora coccinea is a highly branched shrub having dense floral biomass that blooms throughout the year. The present study emphasizes the extraction, optimization, application, biomass yield, and cost of pigment from Ixora coccinea flowers. Pigment extraction from Ixora coccinea flowers was done by using isopropanol. Response surface methodology (RSM), a statistical tool, revealed that the optimized conditions were the solvent-to-sample ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), stirring speed of 200 rpm, and time of 40 min for high-yield production of pigments from Ixora coccinea using Design Expert software. The pigment was purified by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) followed by column chromatography. Furthermore, the purified pigment was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC–MS) which confirmed bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, octacosane, and (+ -)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-2 (3H)-furanone as the abundant compounds. At a high concentration (400 mg/mL), the pigment possessed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The retaining of pigment on the cotton cloth with 40% absorption of the color indicates its prospective application in textile industries as a natural colorant. The total biomass of fresh flowers from fifty Ixora coccinea plants was 35,671.2 g in the summer season from which a pigment yield of 1783.56 g can be obtained and the estimated cost for pigment production was around $0.2 per gram.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the National Institute of Technology Rourkela for establishing a proper research environment and providing the necessary technological resources. Author Kumari Guddi sincerely acknowledges the University Grant Commission (UGC), Government of India, for providing fellowship under the beneficiary code BININ01900361 A.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India

    Kumari Guddi & Angana Sarkar

  2. Department of School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    Saheli Sur

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Kumari Guddi: performing experiments, analyzing the results, and writing the manuscript; Saheli Sur: performed a few experiments. Dr. Angana Sarkar: conceptualization and supervision.

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Correspondence to Angana Sarkar.

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Guddi, K., Sur, S. & Sarkar, A. Analysis of floral biomass utilization feasibility of Ixora coccinea for its cost-effective application as a natural colorant. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03668-7

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