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Impact of formulation on the fungal biomass–based herbicidal activity and phytotoxic metabolite production

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Abstract

Synthetic agrochemicals, including herbicides, cause diverse environmental and health effects that lead to searching for herbicide formulations with high biocompatibility, biosafety, and biodegradability. Developmental formulations of herbicides from biological sources, mainly microorganisms, are considered suitable alternative due to their high efficacy without affecting non-target organisms. This study prepared developmental formulations of fungal stains with notable herbicidal activity as biogranular and microemulsion preparation, followed by recording herbicidal activity against Amaranthus retroflexus and phytotoxic metabolite production. Screening of herbicidal activity was carried out by recording necrotic lesions, oxidative stress marker expression pattern, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation rate, and membrane permeability changes. The respective formulation was prepared with viable fungal spores of soil isolates of Alternaria alternata, Paecilomyces sp., Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus niger. Among the formulations prepared, biogranular followed by groundnut oil microemulsion preparation recorded maximum formulation efficacy and substantial herbicidal effect against the tested weed. Among the formulations of the fungal strain, Fusarium oxysporum biogranular and groundnut oil microemulsion revealed a significant herbicidal impact on the tested weed by showing a high rate of necrosis induction with significant ROS generation, membrane permeability changes, and oxidative stress marker expression. Biogranular formulation of F. oxysporum also supported highly stable, phytotoxic metabolites with high antibacterial activity against the plant pathogenic bacterial strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Extracted metabolites recorded no toxic effect on the embryonic stages of zebrafish, revealing the high biocompatibility of metabolites. The present finding implies that the biogranular formulation of F. oxysporum can be used as an effective weed control and antimicrobial agent with high biocompatibility and biosafety.

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Data will be made available on request from the authors.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge SAIF IIT Madras for characterization studies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India

    S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 119, India

    Bikramjit Deka

  3. Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600008, India

    R. S. Arvind Bharani

  4. Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560054, India

    K. Samrat

  5. Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Deemed University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602195, India

    M. Kavisri

  6. Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India

    Meivelu Moovendhan

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Contributions

SKRN and MM: Conceptualization, supervision, data curation, review and editing, funding acquisition, and writing—original draft. BD and RSAB: Methodology, investigation, resources, and formal analysis. KS and MK: Conceptualization, supervision, and review and editing

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Correspondence to Meivelu Moovendhan.

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S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam, Bikramjit Deka, R. S. Arvind Bharani et al. Impact of formulation on the fungal biomass–based herbicidal activity and phytotoxic metabolite production. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04717-5

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