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Biological control of Qinghai plateau terrestrial weeds with the A. alternata HL-1

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Abstract

Weeds are one of the main problems faced by agronomists, which are the cause of large losses of crops in many farmlands. Screening of novel biocontrol agents against weeds is highly desired to control a wide variety of weeds. The endophytic fungal isolate HL-1 was isolated from the phyllosphere of Cirsium setosum indigenous to agricultural fields of Hualong, Qinghai Province. The isolate was evaluated for its herbicidal activity against target weeds and its safety to major crops. The feasibility of solid substrate fermentation for the spore production of isolate HL-1 has been examined. The results indicated that the disease incidences of Galium aparine, Chenopodium album, Malva crispa, and Polygonum lapathifolium applied with HL-1 filtrate were 96.24%, 87.48%, 55.71%, and 65.48%, and the fresh weight reductions were 69.04%, 72.02%, 66.12%, and 58.03%, respectively. The filtrate was safe to Triticum aestivum and Vicia faba and slightly pathogenic to Brassica napus, Pisum sativum, and Hordeum vulgare. The strain was validated as Alternaria alternata by cultural characteristic and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Optimization of the carbon and nitrogen sources for cultural media and materials for solid-state fermentation demonstrated that strain HL-1 had better colony growth and spore yield with the optimal carbon source of glucose, nitrogen source of yeast extract, and the optimal material was rapeseed cake. The optimal fermentation conditions of HL-1 are a temperature of 25 ℃, an inocula age of 72 h, initial moisture content of 40%, and an inoculated quantity of 8%. Its formulation showed a strong herbicidal activity on the tested weeds in both pot and field experiments, especially Stellaria media. Thus, phyllosphere microbiota is considered to be an important resource for implementing new biological herbicides for weed control, and this work provides a formulation of a mycoherbicide made up of spores produced by HL-1.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31760539; 31160371; 30860165; 31560518), the Project of Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province, China (Grant No. 2018-ZJ-917), Key Laboratory Project on Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province(Grant No.2020-ZJ-Y11), and The second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (Grant No.2019QZKK0303).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China

    L. Cheng, H. X. Zhu, Y. H. Wei, L. Z. Guo, H. Weng & Q. Y. Guo

  2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, China

    L. Cheng, H. X. Zhu, Y. H. Wei, L. Z. Guo, H. Weng & Q. Y. Guo

  3. Institute of Plant Protection, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Xining, 810016, China

    L. Cheng, H. X. Zhu, Y. H. Wei, L. Z. Guo, H. Weng & Q. Y. Guo

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  1. L. Cheng
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Cheng, L., Zhu, H.X., Wei, Y.H. et al. Biological control of Qinghai plateau terrestrial weeds with the A. alternata HL-1. J Plant Dis Prot 128, 1691–1704 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00514-2

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