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Isolation, identification, and pathogenic effects of Trichoderma spp. from Auricularia auricula

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Abstract

Auricularia auricula, one of the most important edible mushrooms, is affected heavily by Trichoderma. We collected the diseased samples from the main A. auricula cultivation regions to characterize the pathogen and study the effect of Trichoderma spp. on A. auricula species. We identified one Trichoderma species, T. pleuroticola, based on the internal transcribed spacer and morphology characteristics, and two types of A. auricula strains, Heiwei 15 (HW 15) and Hei 29 (H 29), were tested in this work. The growth rate of T. pleuroticola was 3.26–3.52 times higher than that of A. auricula and advantageously competed for living space and nutrients. In confrontation culture, T. pleuroticola completely inhibited the mycelium growth of A. auricula and grew on it, resulting in a diverse impact on HW 15 and H 29. In addition, T. pleuroticola can produce metabolites with antibacterial activity. The inhibition rate of volatile metabolites to H-29 and HW 15 was 13.46% and 10.44%, and the inhibition rate of nonvolatile metabolites to H-29 and HW 15 was 36.04% and 31.49%, respectively. Further analysis showed that these antifungal activities inhibiting Auricularia auricula growth were mainly attributed to the organic compounds from T. pleuroticola, nonanal, tyrosine, beta-sitosterol, and wortmannin. In short, T. pleuroticola was a highly pathogenic fungi in the production of A. auricula.

Graphical Abstract

T. pleuroticola can affect the normal growth of A. auricula hypha, and its metabolites also have inhibitory effects on A. auricula hypha.

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files. Should any raw data files be needed in another format, they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Projects during the 13th FiveYear Plan (2019YFC1606702) and by the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province (2019NY-132; 2019NY-139; 2021NY-147). ZW acknowledges the support from Oakland University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Engineering & Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University/Research Center of Fruit and Vegetable Deep-Processing Technology, Xi’an 710119, China

    Hui Dang, Qianqian Kong, Xin Wan, Yu Lei, Haisheng Zhang, Yu Zhao, Xinyu Liu & Baoshan Zhang

  2. Chemistry Department, Oakland University, Rochester, 48309, USA

    William Winchester & Zhe Wang

  3. Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK

    Ben Bin Xu

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  1. Hui Dang
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  2. Qianqian Kong
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  4. Xin Wan
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  5. Yu Lei
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  11. Zhe Wang
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Contributions

BZ and ZW have designed this project and contributed to the main manuscript text. HD and QK conducted experiments and wrote the main manuscript text. XW, YL, HZ, YZ, XL, WW, and BBX have contributed to conducting the experiments, preparing figures, and writing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Baoshan Zhang or Zhe Wang.

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Dang, H., Kong, Q., Winchester, W. et al. Isolation, identification, and pathogenic effects of Trichoderma spp. from Auricularia auricula. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6, 96 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00588-y

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