Abstract
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, remains even now a serious disease reducing potato production and marketing in Cameroon. This work aims to evaluate the efficacy of biochemical volatiles compounds obtained by GC–MS analysis from Thevetia peruviana seeds extracts against different mating types of P. infestans isolates. P. infestans isolates from different localities in main potato producing basins of Cameroon were collected and the presence of two mating types was determined. GC–MS analysis of aqueous extracts (AqE) and methanol extracts (ME), of T. peruviana seeds was performed. Aqueous (AqE) and methanol (ME) extracts at different concentrations (6.25; 12.5 and 25 μL/mL), fungicide (F) (5.33 µL/mL) and control (C) were tested on mycelial growth and germination of three different mating types of P. infestans isolates (P2, P17 and P30). Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC50 and MIC90) were evaluated. The GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of 5 and 20 compounds, respectively from AqE and ME. The most prevailing biochemical active compounds were beta-sitosterol, (86.22%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic (33.23%). Mating types A1 and A2 were present in Cameroon. AqE and ME at 25 μL/mL inhibited 100% the mycelial growth and spore germination of all mating types isolates compared to the control. The 6.25 μL/mL concentration was fungistatic, while the 12.5 and 25 μL/mL showed a fungicidal effect. The lowest MIC were 3.35 and 14.29 μL/mL for MIC50 and MIC90, respectively. Molecular characterization of P. infestans isolates from Cameroon is needed and T. peruviana extracts can be exploited for their biochemical volatiles compounds in a late blight control program.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agoramoorthy G, Chandrasekaran M, Venkatesalu V, Hsu MJ (2007) Antibacterial and antifungal activities of fatty acid methyl esters of the blind-your-eye mangrove from India. Braz J Microbiol 38:739–742. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822007000400028
Agri-Stat (2017) Annuaire des statistiques du secteur agricole campagnes 2013 et 2016. Agri-Stat Cameroun, p 130
Alawode TT, Lajide L, Olaleye M, Owolabi B (2021) Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol: antimicrobial compounds in the leaves of Icacina trichantha identified by GC–MS. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 10:80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-021-00170-3
Ali A, Javaid A, Shoaib A (2016) GC-MS analysis and antifungal activity of methanolic root extract of Chenopodium album against Sclerotium rolfsii. Planta Daninha 35:017164713. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582017350100046
Alkher H, Islam MR, Wijekoon C, Kalischuk M, Kawchuk LM, Peters RD, Al-Mughrabi KI, Conn KL, Dobinson KF, Waterer D, Daayf F (2015) Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Canada during 2012. Can J Plant Pathol 37(3):305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2015.1053987
Alvarez-Morezuelas A, Alor N, Barandalla L, Ritter E, Ruiz de Galarreta JI (2021) Virulence of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potato in Spain. Plant Prot Sci 57:279–288. https://doi.org/10.17221/39/2021-PPS
Ambang Z, Ndongo B, Essono G, Ngoh DJP, Kosma P, Chewachong GM, Asanga A (2011) Control of leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora sp. on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) using methanolic extracts of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) seeds. Aust J Crop Sci 5(3):227–232
Andrivon D, Pilet F, Montarry J, Hafidi M, Corbière R, Achbani EH, Pellé R, Ellissèche D (2007) Adaptation of Phytophthora infestans to partial resistance in potato: evidence from French and Moroccan populations. Phytopathology 97:338–343. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-97-3-0338
Arias JP, Ortega I, Peñuela M, Arias M (2018) Antimicrobial activity of callus and cell suspension cultures extracts of Thevetia peruviana. Rev Fac Cienc Agrar 8(1):45–56. https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v8n1.69976
Beninal L, Corbiére R, Kedad A, Andrivon D, Bouznad Z (2009) A2 mating type, metalaxyl resistance and complex virulence profiles: Common features in some Phytophthora infestans isolates from Algeria. In: Proceeding of the eleventh euroblight workshop; Hamar, Norway. PPO special report 13, pp 237–241
Chandrasekaran M, Senthilkumar A, Venkatesalu V (2011) Antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of fatty acid methyl esters from leaves of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 15:775–780
Chandrasekharan M, Kannathasan K, Venkatesalu V (2008) Antimicrobial activity of fatty acid methyl esters of some members of chenopodiaceae. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci 63:331–336. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-5-604
Chwaleka M, Lalunb N, Bobichonc H, Plea K, Voutquenne-Azabadiokoa L (2006) Structure–activity relationships of some hederagenin diglycosides: haemolysis, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. Biochim Biophys Acta 1760:1418–1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.05.004
Cooke LR, Schepers HTAM, Hermansen A, Bain RA, Bradshaw NJ, Ritchie F, Shaw DS, Evenhuis A, Kessel GJT, Wander JGN, Andersson B, Hansen JG, Hannukkala A, Nęrstad R, Nielsen BJ (2011) Epidemiology and integrated control of potato late blight in Europe. Potato Res 54:183–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-011-9187-0
Cooke DEL, Cano LM, Raffaele S, Bain RA, Cooke LR, Etherington GJ, Deahl KL, Birch PRJ, Lees AK, Kamoun S (2012) Genome analyses of an aggressive and invasive lineage of the Irish potato famine pathogen. PLOS Pathog 8(10):2929–2940
Cowan M (1999) Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 12(4):564–582. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.4.564
Dida LSL, Ambang Z, Djieto CL, Chedjou WBC, Heu A, Ndogho PA (2019) Effect of aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana K. seeds on the control of late blight and pest insects of Solanum tuberosum L. in Cameroon. Greener J Agric Sci 9(1):14–22. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2019.1.121418176
Dida LSL, Heu A, Djeugap FJ, Kuate TWN, Biamen M, Gbaporo GFC, Ambang Z (2020) Characterization of Phytophthora infestans isolates from two potato varieties in the highlands agro-ecological zone of Cameroon. Int J Pathog Res 5(1):36–44. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPR/2020/v5i130126
Elhouiti F, Benabed KH, Tahri D, Ouinten M, Yousfi M (2022) Antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils from Algerian spontaneous plants against five strains of Fusarium spp. Hell Plant Prot J 15:30–39
España MD, Arboleda JW, Ribeiro JA, Abdelnur PV, Guzman JD (2017) Eucalyptus leaf byproduct inhibits the anthracnose-causing fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Ind Crops Prod 108:793–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.08.002
FAOSTAT (2020) Statistics databases; annual production of tuber crops in Africa. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en. Accessed 11 Feb 2020
Fontem DA, Olanya OM, Tsopmbeng GR, Owona MAP (2005) Pathogenicity and metalaxyl sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans isolates obtained from garden huckleberry, potato and tomato in Cameroon. Crop Prot 24:449–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2004.09.012
Fry WE, Birch PRJ, Judelson HS, Gruenwald NJ, Danies G, Everts KL, Gevens AJ, Gugino BK, Johnson DA, Johnson SB, McGrath MT, Myers KL, Ristaino JB, Roberts PD, Secor G, Smart CD (2015) Five reasons to consider Phytophthora infestans a reemerging pathogen. Phytopathology 105(7):966–981. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-15-0005-FI
Gallegly MC, Hong C (2008) Phytophthora: identifying species by morphology and DNA fingerprints. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, p 158
Gamboa S, Perez W, Andrade-Piedra JL, Forbes G (2019) Laboratory manual for Phytophthora infestans work at CIP. International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, p 78. https://doi.org/10.4160/9789290605331
Ghaidaa M, Al-Jassani M, Hameed I (2016) Anti-bacterial, antifungal activity and chemical analysis of Punica grantanum (pomegranate peel) using GC-MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem 8:480–494
Goufo P, Teugwa MC, Fontem DA, Ngnokam D (2008) High efficacy of extracts of Cameroon plants against tomato late blight disease. Agron Sustain Dev 28:567–573. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008036
Goufo P, Fontem DA, Ngnokam D (2010) Evaluation of plant extracts for tomato late blight control in Cameroon. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 38(3):171–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2010.495374
Griffin SG, Markham JL, Leach DN (2000) An agar dilution method for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils. J Essent Oil Res 12:249–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9699509
Harbaoui K, Lee VDT, Vleeshouwers AAGV, Khammassy N, Harrabi M, Hamada W (2013) Characterisation of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato and tomato crops in Tunisia during 2006–2008. Potato Res 56:11–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-012-9228-3
Hijmans R, Forbes G, Walter T (2000) Estimating the global severity of potato late blight with GIS-linked disease forecast models. Plant Pathol 49:697–705
Hong-Wei KY, Cao Y, Zheng C (2014) Antifungal properties and chemical analysis of essential oil from Vitex negundo seed. Br J Pharm Res 4(5):541–548. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2014/7079
Ibiyemi SA, Fadipe VO, Akinremi OO, Bako SS (2002) Variation in oil composition of Thevetia peruviana Juss “Yellow olaeander” fruit seed. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 6:61–66. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2237.9680
Jamal MHA, Rahman S, Islam A, Karim R, Alam S, Rahman Z (2012) Minimum inhibitory concentration analysis of Nerium oleander against bacterial pathogens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2(3):1664–1666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60473-0
Khan HI, Javaid A (2020) Antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of n-butanol extract of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leaves. Bangladesh J Bot 49(4):1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52537
Kumar R (2003) La lutte contre les insectes ravageurs et champignons pathogènes. In: La situation de l’agriculture africaine (ed), Paris, pp 314–344
Lapornik B, Pros MK, Wondra AG (2005) Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time. J Food Eng 71:214–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.036
Lima LAR, Johann S, Cisalpino SP, Pimenta SPL, Boaventura DAM (2011) In vitro antifungal activity of fatty acid methyl esters of the seeds of Annona cornifolia A.St.-Hil. (Annonaceae) against pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 44:777–780. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0037-6822011000600024
Makoi JHR, Ndakidemi PA (2007) Biological, ecological and agronomic significance of plant phenolic compounds in rhizosphere of the symbiotic legumes. Afr J Biotechnol 6:1358–1368
Mbambo B, Odhav B, Mohanlall V (2012) Antifungal activity of stigmasterol, sitosterol and ergosterol from Bulbine natalensis Baker (Asphodelaceae). J Med Plants Res 6(38):5135–5141. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR12.151
Mboussi SB, Ambang Z, Kakam S, Beilbe BL (2018) Control of cocoa mirids using aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana and Azadirachta indica. Cogent Food Agric 4:430–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1430470
Meena RB, Meena S, Chittora D, Sharma K (2021) Antifungal efficacy of Thevetia peruviana leaf extract against Alternaria solani and characterization of novel inhibitory compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Biochem Biophys Rep 25:100914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100914
Mugao GL, Muturi WP, Gichimu MB, Njoroge KE (2020) In vitro control of Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani using crude extracts and essential oils from selected plants. Int J Agron. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8845692
Ndakidemi PA, Dakora FD (2003) Legume seed flavonoids and nitrogenous metabolites as signals and protectants in early seedling development. Funct Plant Biol 30:729–745. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP03042
Ndala RI, Mbega ER, Ndakidemi PA (2019) Different plant extracts against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in tomato in vitro. Am J Plant Sci 10:698–708. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.104050
Ngo TV, Scarlett CJ, Bowyer M, Ngo PD, Vuong QV (2017) Impact of different extraction solvents on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity from the root of Salacia chinensis L. J Food Qual 1:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9305047
Ngoh Dooh JP, Essoh NJ, Mboussi SB, Heu A, Kuate TNW, Amayana D, Nguidjo O, Dogmo R, Fofe K, Tene TPM, Ambang Z (2021) Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. potential antifungal agent against Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, fungi responsible of Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD) of plantain (Musa spp). J Agric Stud 9(2):2166–379. https://doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i2.18553
Njinga NS, Sule MI, Pateh UU, Hassan HS, Abdullahi ST, Ache RN (2016) Isolation and antimicrobial activity of β-Sitosterol-3-OGlucoside from Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiacea). Nitte Univ J Health Sci 6(1):4–8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708607
Ojinnaka MC, Nwachukwu IK, Ezediokpu NM (2015) The chemical constituents and bioactivity of the seed (fruit) extracts of Buchholzia coriacea Engler (Capparaceae). J Appl Sci Environ Manag 19(4):795–880. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v19i4.30
Oyekunle TD (2017) Analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Thevetia peruviana seeds using gas chromatography analysis. Am J Eng Res 10(6):51–55
Reis A, Smart CD, Fry WE, Maffia LA, Mizubuti ESG (2003) Characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestans from southern and southeastern Brazil from 1998 to 2000. Plant Dis 87:896–900
Savazzini F, Galletti S (2015) Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Italian Phytophthora infestans isolates. Phytopathol Mediterr 54(3):524–530. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol.Mediterr-16057
Singh G, Padvay RK, Narayanam CS, Padmhurmeri KP, Rao GP (1993) Chemical and fongistatic investigation out the essential oil citrus. J Plant Dis Prot 100(1):69–74
Švecová E, Colla G, Crinò P (2017) Antifungal activity of Boerhavia diffusa L. extract against Phytophthora spp. in tomato and pepper. Eur J Plant Pathol 148:27–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-1065-9
Tabrez A, Uma B (2016) Phytochemical evaluation and GC-MS analysis of Thevetia peruviana leaves extract. Elixir Bio Tech 96:41214–41216
Toka AN, Ngatsi PZ, Dida SLL, Tayo PMT, Kuate NWT, Boli H, Atindo TS, Tize T, Ndongo B (2023) Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Azadirachta indica and Balanites aegyptiaca seed extracts against Fusarium oxysporum isolate on tomatoes. J Glob Innov Agric Sci 11:293–304. https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIAS/23.1159
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Laboratory of Professor Pierre Mkounga, Laboratory of Natural Products and Applied Organic Synthesis (LANAPOS), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, for providing the extraction material, Professor Joseph Fovo Djeugap, Phytopathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, for obtaining the Phytophthora infestans isolates and thank M. Michael Tabang Wakwen the head of service of phytosanitary product in National Laboratory of Diagnostic Analysis of Agricultural Product and Inputs (LNAD), MINADER-Cameroon, for GC-MS Analysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Dida, S.L.L., Kuate, W.N.T., Ngatsi, P.Z. et al. First report of different mating types of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potatoes in Cameroon and their control using Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. seeds extracts analyzed by GC–MS. Indian Phytopathology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-024-00720-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-024-00720-6