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The endemic orchids of Mexico: a review

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Abstract

Orchidaceae is the most extensive family of flowering plants. There are approximately 30,000 - 35,000 species, belonging to 850 genera, dispersed in almost all the ecosystems on earth, except in polar zones and extreme deserts. In Mexico, there are more than 1,200 species distribuited in approximately 170 genera, of which 40% are endemic to the country. In this review, aspects related to geographical distribution, ecology, conservation, biotechnological applications and uses of orchids growing in Mexico are discussed. The geographical zones where their ecological niches are located are described and the zones that belong to priority conservation areas in Mexico are highlighted. In addition, all works on Mexican orchids related to micropropagation, medicinal uses, beneficial applications for humans, and microorganism-host interaction are discussed. In summary, this study provides perspectives for new studies and research focused on the use, propagation and conservation of Mexican endemic orchids.

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Acknowledgment

This work was partially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, Mexico), grant number 269491/2016 provided to CCA. Thanks to Dr. Gerardo A. Salazar-Chávez, Dr. Germán Carnevali Fernández-Concha, Mr. Luis Martín Esquivel-Franco, Miss M. Lorena and Mr. Pedro O. González-Zamora for donating some photographs of orchids. Thanks to Litzia Moreno-Infante, Galdino Márquez-Martínez, Laura González-Domínguez, Paola Lucero-Pérez, Lucio Castro-Parra for their technical assistance. LJCP is a student of master’s in science supported by CONACYT fellowship.

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  1. Luis J. Castillo-Pérez and Domingo Martínez-Soto contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programas Multidisciplinarios de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico

    Luis J. Castillo-Pérez & Candy Carranza-Álvarez

  2. Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola Sustentable, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Los Reyes, Los Reyes, Mich., Mexico

    Domingo Martínez-Soto

  3. Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Cd. Valles, S.L.P., Mexico

    Juan J. Maldonado-Miranda & Candy Carranza-Álvarez

  4. Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico

    Angel J. Alonso-Castro

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Castillo-Pérez, L.J., Martínez-Soto, D., Maldonado-Miranda, J.J. et al. The endemic orchids of Mexico: a review. Biologia 74, 1–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-0147-x

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