Abstract
Yunnan is one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Its huge diversity of topography, climate and vegetation nourishes rich wild edible mushroom diversity. Based on rough statistics, Yunnan has more than 600 species of wild edible mushrooms, of which more than 80% are mycorrhizal. Around 321 species of wild edible mushrooms are sold in the province, and 164 are commonly traded on local markets. Yunnan produces and exports more matsutake and truffles than any other Chinese province, generating large amount of foreign currency for local families. Yunnan has 24 ethnic minorities, and most of these people live in mountainous regions where wild edible mushrooms are an important livelihood. Production of the wild edible mushrooms has declined since large-scale commercial harvesting began in the 1990s. Although there have been a variety of efforts to manage mushroom resources, protection and restoration of wild edible mushrooms have made little progress.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arbaayah HH, Umi YK (2013) Antioxidant properties in the oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) and split gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune) ethanolic extracts. Mycosphere 4:661–673
Arora D (1986) Mushrooms demystified. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley
Arora D (2008) Xiao Ren: the ‘little people’ of Yunnan. Econ Bot 62:540–544
Bandoni RJ, Zang M (1990) On an undescribed Tremella from China. Mycologia 82:270–273
Boa E (2004) Wild edible fungi a global overview of their use and importance to people. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Bonito G, Smith ME, Nowak M et al (2013) Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. PLoS One 8:1–15
Cao Y, Wu SH, Dai YC (2012) Species clarification of the prize medicinal Ganoderma mushroom “Lingzhi”. Fungal Divers 56:49–62
Chen J, Liu PG (2012) Delimitation of Tuber pseudohimalayense and T. pseudohimalayense based on morphological and molecular data. Cryptogam Mycol 32:83–93
Cui YY, Feng B, Wu G et al (2015) Porcini mushrooms (Boletus sect. Boletus) from China. Fungal Divers 82:189–212
Dai YC, Zhou LW, Yang ZL et al (2010) A revised checklist of edible fungi in China. Mycosystema 29:1–21
Deng XJ, Liu PG, Liu CY et al (2013) A new white truffle species, Tuber panzhihuanense from China. Mycol Prog 12:557–561
Deng XJ, Yu FQ, Liu PG (2014) Contribution to confirmed & synthesized on mycorrhizae of Tuber indicum s.l. with two dominated & subalpine broadleaf trees in southwestern China. Am J Plant Sci 5:3269–3279
Du XH, Zhao Q, O’Donnell K et al (2012) Multigene molecular phylogenetics reveals true morels (Morchella) are especially species-rich in China. Fungal Genet Biol 49:455–469
Fan L, Cao JZ (2012) Two new species of white truffle from China. Mycotaxon 121:297–304
Fan L, Cao JZ, Zheng ZH et al (2012a) Tuber in China: T. microspermum and T. microspiculatum spp. nov. Mycotaxon 119:391–395
Fan L, Cao JZ, Li Y (2012b) Tuber microsphaerosporum and Paradoxa sinensis spp. nov. Mycotaxon 120:471–475
Fan L, Cao JZ, Yu J (2013) Tuber in China: T. sinopuberulum and T. vesicoperidium spp. nov. Mycotaxon 121:255–263
Fan L, Feng S, Cao JZ (2014) The phylogenetic position of Tuber glabrum sp. nov. and T. sinomonosporum nom. nov., two Paradoxa-like truffle species from China. Mycol Prog 13:241–246
García-Montero LG, Díaz P, Massimo GD et al (2010) A review of research on Chinese Tuber species. Mycol Prog 9:315–335
Geng LY, Wang XH, Yu FQ et al (2009) Mycorrhizal synthesis of Tuber indicum with two indigenous hosts, Castanea mollissima and Pinus armandii. Mycorrhiza 19:461–467
Hao YJ, Zhao Q, Wang SX et al (2016) What is the radicate Oudemansiella cultivated in China? Phytotaxa 286(1):12
Jeandroz S, Claude M, Wang YJ et al (2008) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Tuber, the “true truffles”. J Biogeogr 35:815–829
Ji KP, Cao Y, Zhang CX et al (2011) Cultivation of Phlebopus portentosus in southern China. Mycol Prog 10:293–300
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW et al (2008) Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn. CABI Publishing, Wallingford
Li N (1995) Studies on geographical distribution, origin and dispersal of the family Pinaceae Lindl. Acta Phytotax Sin 33:105–130
Li YC (2009) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Tylopilus s.l. from China, with notes on the taxonomy and biogeography of Chroogomphus. Dissertation, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li L (2014) Research on diversity of Rhizopogon, Truncocolumella and Hydnotrya in the longitudinal range gorge region, southwest China. Dissertation, Kunming University of Science and Technology
Li YC, Yang ZL, Bau T (2009) Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of Chroogomphus species as inferred from molecular and morphological data. Fungal Divers 38:85–104
Li YC, Feng B, Yang ZL (2011a) Zangia, a new genus of Boletaceae supported by molecular and morphological evidence. Fungal Divers 49:125–143
Li SH, Zhao YC, Yu FQ et al (2011b) Systematics of the easily confusing poisonous boletes from Yunnan wild mushroom markets. Edible Fungi China 30:34–36
Li L, Zhao YC, Zhang XL et al (2013) Hydnotrya laojunshanensis sp. nov. from China. Mycotaxon 125:277–282
Li SH, Heng LY, Liu CY et al (2014a) Two new truffles species, Tuber alboumbilicum and Tuber pseudobrumale from China. Mycol Prog 13:1157–1163
Li YC, Ortiz-Santana B, Zeng NK et al (2014b) Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Veloporphyrellus. Mycologia 106:291–306
Liu PG, Yu FQ, Wang XH et al (2009) The cultivation of Lactarius volemus in China. Acta Bot Yunnanica Suppl XVI:115–116
Murata H, Babasaki K, Saegusa T et al (2008) Traceability of Asian matsutake, specialty mushrooms produced by the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake, on the basis of retroelement-based DNA markers. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:2023–2031
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG et al (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858
Orihara T, Smith ME, Ge ZW et al (2012) Rossbeevera yunnanensis (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new sequestrate species from southern China. Mycotaxon 120:139–147
Pei SJ (2004) Ethnic cultural diversity and nature conservation in Yunnan. Acta Bot Yunnanica Suppl 15:1–11
Petersen RH, Zang M (1986) New and interesting clavarioid fungi from Yunnan, China. Acta Bot Yunnanica 8:281–294
Petersen RH, Zang M (1989) Ramaria subgenera Ramaria and Laeticolora. Acta Bot Yunnanica 11:363–369
Petersen RH, Zang M (1990) Ramaria subgenera Ramaria and Laeticolora in Yunnan (continued). Acta Bot Yunnanica 12:49–56
Qiao P (2013) Phylogeography and population genetics of Tuber indicum complex in southwest China. Dissertation, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qiao P, Tian W, Liu PG et al (2018) Phylogeography and population genetic analyses reveal the speciation of the Tuber indicum complex. Fungal Genet Biol 113:14–23
Shao SC (2011) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Cantharellus from Southwestern China with screening primers on population genetics of C. tuberculosporus. Dissertation, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shao SC, Tian XF, Liu PG (2011) Cantharellus in southwestern China: a new species and a new record. Mycotaxon 116:437–446
Shao SC, Tian XF, Liu PG (2012) Two species with intercontinental disjunct distribution of the genus Cantharellus. J Yunnan Agric Univ 27:150–155
Shao SC, Buyck B, Hofstetter V et al (2014) Cantharellus hygrophorus, a new species in subgenus Afrocantharellus from tropical southwestern China. Cryptogam Mycol 35:283–291
Shao SC, Buyck B, Tian XF et al (2016) Cantharellus phloginus, a new-colored species from southwestern China. Mycoscience 57:144–149
Sheng J (2013) Yunnan wild edible mushroom industry. Research report. Yunnan Agricultural University/Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Yunnan
Shi XF (2013) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Suillus (Boletales, Basidiomycota). Dissertation, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Stevenson JA, Benjamin CR (1961) Scleroderma poisoning. Mycologia 53:438–439
Tan X (2012) Studies on the development of Yunnan edible mushroom industry. Minzu Press, Beijing
Tang LP (2013). Species diversity, reticulate evolution and biogeography of Amanita section Caesareae with notes on a new species of Rhodotus. Dissertation, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Tang LP, Yang ZL (2014) Recent studies on fungal species diversity in the Lancang-Mekong river watershed. Resources Science 36:282–295
Tang BH, Wei TZ, Yao YJ (2006) Revision of Termitomyces species originally described from China. Mycotaxon 95:285–293
Tang LP, Yang ZL, Zeng NK et al (2015) Atlas of higher fungi from Lancang river valley. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming
Tian XF, Shao SC, Liu PG (2009) Two notable species of the genus Cantharellus Adams (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) new to China. Edible Fungi China 28:10–11
Tian XF, Buyck B, Shao SC et al (2012) Cantharellus zangii, a new subalpine basidiomycete from southwestern China. Mycotaxon 120:99–103
Wan SP, Yu FQ, Tang L et al (2016) Ectomycorrhizae of Tuber huidongense and T. liyuanum with Castanea mollissima and Pinus armandii. Mycorrhiza 26:249–256
Wan SP, Xu WJ, Tang NW et al (2017) Three excavatum species Tuber badium, T. depressum and T. verrucosivolvum from Sichuan Province, China. Phytotaxa 296:228–238
Wang XH (2016) Three new species of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi from subalpine-alpine regions of central and southwestern China. Cryptogam Mycol 37:493–508
Wang Y, Hall IR (2004) Edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms: challenges and achievements. Can J Bot 82:1063–1073
Wang XH, Liu PG (2002) Resources investigation and studies on the wild commercial fungi in Yunnan. Biodivers Sci 10:318–325
Wang Y, Liu PG (2011) Verification of Chinese names of truffles and their conservation in natural habitats. Plant Divers Resour 33:625–642
Wang SP, Liu PG (2014) Diversity of culturable bacteria associated with ascocarps of a Chinese white truffle, Tuber panzhihuanense (Ascomycota). Plant Divers Resour 36:29–36
Wang L, Yang ZL (2006) Wild edible fungi of the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. In: Christoph K, Yang YP, Weyerhäuser H et al (eds) The sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products in China. Sino-German symposium proceedings. Sino-German Center, Beijing, pp 58–65
Wang QB, Yao YJ (2005) Boletus reticuloceps, a new combination for Aureoboletus reticuloceps. Sydowia 57:131–136
Wang Y, Evans LA, Hall IR (1997) Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies. 1. Tricholoma matsutake and related species. Econ Bot 51:311–327
Wang XH, Liu PG, Yu FQ (2004) Color atlas of wild commercial mushrooms in Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming
Wang Y, Liu PG, Chen J et al (2008) China–a newly emerging truffle-producing nation. In: Reynal B, Chevalier GG (eds) La Culture de la Truffe dans le Monde. Actes du Colloque, Brive-La-Gallarde, pp 35–44
Wang XH, Yang ZL, Li YC et al (2009) Russula griseocarnosa sp. nov. (Russulaceae, Russulales), a commercially important edible mushroom in tropical China: mycorrhiza, phylogenetic position, and taxonomy. Nova Hedwigia 88:269–282
Wang Y, Cummings N, Guerin-Laguette A (2012) Cultivation of basidiomycete edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms: Tricholoma, Lactarius, and Rhizopogon. In: Zambonelli A, Bonito GM (eds) Edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms: current knowledge and future prospects. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 281–304
Wang R, Liu PG, Wan SP et al (2015a) Study on mycorrhization helper bacteria (MHB) of Tuber indicum. Microbiol China 42:2366–2376
Wang XH, Nuytinck J, Verbeken A (2015b) Lactarius vividus sp. nov. (Russulaceae, Russulales), a widely distributed edible mushroom in central and southern China. Phytotaxa 231:63–72
Wang R, Guerin-Laguette A, Huang LL et al (2019) Mycorrhizal syntheses between Lactarius spp. section Deliciosi and Pinus spp. and effects of grazing insects in Yunnan, China. Can J For Res 49:616–627
Wei TZ, Tang BH, Yao YJ et al (2006) A revision of Sinotermitomyces, a synonym of Termitomyces (Agaricales). Fungal Divers 21:225–237
Wei TZ, Tang BH, Yao YJ (2009) Revision of Termitomyces in China. Mycotaxon 108:257–285
Wu JC, Lu H (2006) Prospect of wild edible mushrooms industry and suggestions for industry development. J West China Forest Sci 35:154–158
Wu G, Feng B, Xu J et al (2014) Molecular phylogenetic analyses redefine seven major clades and reveal 22 new generic clades in the fungal family Boletaceae. Fungal Divers 69:93–115
Wu G, Li YC, Zhao K et al (2015) Four new genera of the fungal family Boletaceae. Fungal Divers 81:1–24
Xu WJ, Wan SP, Huang LL et al (2017) Tuber sinoniveum, a new white Chinese truffle species from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 298:253–260
Yang ZL (2015) Atlas of the Chinese species of Amanitaceae. Science Press, Beijing
Yang XF, Wilkes A, Yang YP et al (2009) Common and privatized: conditions for wise management of matsutake mushrooms in Northwest Yunnan Province, China. Ecol Soc 14:30
Ying JZ, Zang M (1994) Economic macrofungi from southwestern China. Science Press, Beijing
Yu FQ (2007) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Tricholoma matsutake group (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales) and its allied species. Dissertation. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yu FQ, Liu PG (2005) Species diversity of wild edible mushrooms from Pinus yunnanensis forests and conservation strategies. Biodivers Sci 13:58–69
Yu FQ, Liu PG (2013) Wild edible and medicinal mushrooms in Pu’er of Yunnan and their sustainable utilization. J Fungal Res 11:14–23
Yu FQ, Ji DG, Song MJ et al (2002) Cultivation of two varieties of Oudemansiella furfuracea. Edible Fungi China 21:13–15
Yu FQ, Wang Y, Liu PG (2006) Tricholoma lavendulophyllum, a new species from Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 95:305–308
Zang M (2006) Flora fungorum sinicorum: Boletaceae (I). Science Press, Beijing
Zang M (2013) Flora fungorum sinicorum: Boletaceae (II). Science Press, Beijing
Zeng NK (2011) Species diversity of Boletaceae in Hainan, China, with notes on the taxonomy of Phylloporus. Dissertation, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zeng NK, Tang LP, Li YC et al (2013) The genus Phylloporus (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China: morphological and multilocus DNA sequence analyses. Fungal Divers 58:73–101
Zeng NK, Liang ZQ, Yang ZL (2014a) Boletus orientialbus, a new species with white basidioma from subtropical China. Mycoscience 55:159–163
Zeng NK, Wu G, Li YC et al (2014b) Crocinoboletus, a new genus of Boletaceae (Boletales) with unusual boletocrocin polyene pigments. Phytotaxa 175:133–140
Zhang P (2010) A study on taxonomy of Ramaria from Southwestern China, with notes on the phylogeny of the genus. Dissertation, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhang CX, Xu XE, Liu J et al (2013) Scleroderma yunnanense, a new species from South China. Mycotaxon 125:193–200
Zhang CX, He MX, Cao Y et al (2015) Fungus-insect gall of Phlebopus portentosus. Mycologia 107:12–20
Zhao Q, Feng B, Yang ZL et al (2013) New species and distinctive geographical divergence of the genus Sparassis (Basidiomycota): evidence from morphological and molecular data. Mycol Prog 12:445–454
Zhao K, Feng B, Yang ZL (2014a) Molecular phylogeny of Caloboletus (Boletaceae) and a new species in East Asia. Mycol Prog 13:1127–1136
Zhao K, Wu G, Yang ZL (2014b) A new genus, Rubroboletus, to accommodate Boletus sinicus and its allies. Phytotaxa 188:61–77
Zhao Q, Tolgor B, Zhao YC et al (2015) Species diversity within the Helvella crispa group (Ascomycota: Helvellaceae) in China. Phytotaxa 239:130–142
Zheng HD, Liu PG (2008) Additions to our knowledge of the genus Albatrellus (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Divers 32:157–170
Zhou ZQ (1992) Origin, evolution and migration of Quercus. Acta Bot Yunnanica 14:227–236
Acknowledgments
This study has been funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC0505206), Science and Technology Service Network Initiative, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017), and Guizhou Science and Technology Program (No. 4002, 2018). We would like to thank Xiang-hua Wang, Rui-lin Zhao, Tie-zheng Wei, Yan-chun Li, Qi Zhao, Xiao-fei Shi, and Shan-ping Wan for their help in checking the data in the Appendix. Special thanks to Toni Atkinson for carefully reviewing the English.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix 1. Commercial Wild Mushrooms in Yunnan, Their Use/Property, and Quantity Traded
Appendix 1. Commercial Wild Mushrooms in Yunnan, Their Use/Property, and Quantity Traded
Taxa | Use/propertya | Quantity |
Ascomycota | ||
Hypocreales | ||
Cordycipitaceae | ||
Cordyceps militaris | Medicine | I |
Metacordyceps liangshanensis | Medicine NC | I |
Nectriaceae | ||
Pseudonectria bambusae | Medicine | I |
Ophiocordycipitaceae | ||
Ophiocordyceps crassispora | Medicine | I |
O. sinensis | Medicine | I |
O. sobolifera | Medicine | III |
Leotiales | ||
Leotiaceae | ||
Leotia aurantipes | Medicine NC | I |
Pezizales | ||
Helvellaceae | ||
Helvella elastica | Food | I |
H. involuta | Food | I |
H. macropus | Food | I |
H. maculatoides | Food | I |
H. orienticrispa | Food | I |
H. orienticrispa | Food | I |
H. pseudoreflexa | Food | I |
H. rugosa | Food | I |
H. sublactea | Food | I |
H. zhongtiaoensis | Food | II |
Morchellaceae | ||
Morchella galilaea | Food | I |
M. eohespera | Food | I |
M. eximia | Food | III |
M. exuberans | Food | I |
M. importuna | Food | III |
M. meiliensis | Food | I |
M. sextelata | Food | III |
Tuberaceae | ||
Tuber glabrum | Food | I |
T. himalayense | Food | II |
T. indicum | Food | IV |
T. liyuanum | Food | III |
T. microspermum | Food | I |
T. microsphaerosporum | Food | I |
T. microspiculatum | Food | I |
T. microverrucosum | Food | I |
T. panzhihuanense | Food | II |
T. pseudohimalayense | Food | III |
T. sinoaestivum | Food | II |
T. sinopuberulum | Food | I |
T. vesicoperidium | Food | I |
Pleosporales | ||
Shiraiaceae | ||
Shiraia bambusicola | Medicine | I |
Xylariales | ||
Engleromyces sinensis | Medicine | II |
Basidiomycota | ||
Agaricales | ||
Agaricaceae | ||
Agaricus flocculosipes | Food | I |
A. guizhouensis | Food | I |
A. macrocarpus | Food | I |
Calvatia cyathiformis | Food & Medicine | I |
Macrolepiota procera | Food | I |
Amanitaceae | ||
Amanita caesareoides | Food | II |
A. fritillaria | Poisonous NC | I |
A. hemibapha | Food | II |
A. hemibapha var. ochracea | Food | IV |
A. javanica | Food | I |
A. manginiana | Food | II |
A. pseudoporphyria | Food NC | I |
A. sinensis | Food NC | I |
A. virgineoides | Poisonous AM | I |
A. yuaniana | Food | I |
Clavariaceae | ||
Scytinopogon echinosporus | Food | II |
Cortinariaceae | ||
Cortinarius emodensis | Food | III |
C. purpurascens | Food | I |
C. tenuipes | Food | I |
Entolomataceae | ||
Entoloma clypeatum | Food | I |
Hydnangiaceae | ||
Laccaria alba | Food | I |
L. amethystina | Food | II |
Laccaria laccata | Food | III |
L. vinaceoavellanea | Food | II |
Hygrophoraceae | ||
Hygrophorus camarophyllus | Food | I |
H. eburneus | Food | I |
H. robustus | Food | I |
H. russula | Food | III |
Inocybaceae | ||
Inocybe flavobrunnea | Poisonous AM | I |
Lyophyllaceae | ||
Lyophyllum fumosum | Food | II |
L. shimeji | Food | IV |
Termitomyces aurantiacus | Food | II |
T. bulborhizus | Food | III |
T. clypeatus | Food | IV |
T. eurhizus | Food | IV |
T. globulus | Food | II |
T. heimii | Food | III |
T. mammiformis | Food | II |
T. microcarpus | Food | III |
T. striatus | Food | II |
Omphalotaceae | ||
Lentinula edodes | Food | III |
Physalacriaceae | ||
Armillaria mellea | Food | I |
A. tabescens | Food | I |
Oudemansiella raphanipes | Food | I |
Pleurotaceae | ||
Pleurotus flabellatus | Food NC | I |
P. ostreatus | Food | I |
P. platypus | Food | I |
Schizophyllaceae | ||
Schizophyllum commune | Food & Medicine | II |
Tricholomataceae | ||
Catathelasma imperiale | Food | II |
C. ventricosum | Food | IV |
Clitocybe eccentrica | Food | I |
Collybia obscura | Food | I |
Lepista nuda | Food | I |
Leucopaxillus tricolor | Food | I |
Macrocybe gigantea | Food | I |
Tricholoma bakamatsutake | Food | II |
T. flavovirens | Food NC | II |
T. fulvocastaneum | Food | I |
T. imbricatum | Food | I |
T. lavendulophyllum | Food | I |
T. matsutake | Food | IV |
T. myomyces | Food | III |
T. robustum | Food | I |
T. saponaceum | Poisonous NC | I |
Auriculariales | ||
Auriculariaceae | ||
Auricularia delicata | Food | III |
A. heimuer | Food | II |
A. nigricans | Food | II |
Boletales | ||
Boletaceae | ||
Baorangia pseudocalopus | Food | I |
Boletellus ananas | Poisonous NC | I |
Boletus bainiugan | Food | IV |
B. citrifragrans | Food | I |
B. gertrudiae | Food | I |
B. instabilis | Food | II |
B. miniato-olivaceus | Food WC | I |
B. obscureumbrinus | Food WC | II |
B. orientialbus | Food | I |
B. punctilifer | Food | I |
B. reticuloceps | Food | II |
B. sensibilis | Food WC | II |
B. shiyong | Food | IV |
B. sinoedulis | Food | IV |
B. taienus | Food | I |
B. tomentipes | Food | I |
B. violaceofuscus | Food | I |
B. viscidiceps | Food | III |
B. yunnanensis | Food | I |
Buchwaldoboletus hemichrysus | Poisonous NC | I |
Butyriboletus roseoflavus | Food WC | IV |
Caloboletus panniformis | Food | I |
C. yunnanensis | Food | I |
Crocinoboletus laetissimus | Food | I |
Heimioporus retisporus | Poisonous AM | I |
Hortiboletus rubellus | Food | II |
H. subpaludosus | Food | I |
Hourangia cheoi | Food | I |
H. microcarpa | Food | I |
H. nigropunctata | Food | I |
Lanmaoa asiatica | Food WC | IV |
Leccinellum crocipodium | Food | II |
Leccinum aurantiacum | Food | III |
L. holopus | Food | I |
L. rubropunctum | Food | I |
L. rugosiceps | Food | I |
L. scabrum | Food | I |
Neoboletus brunneissimus | Food | IV |
N. thibetanus | Food | I |
Phylloporus bellus | Food | I |
P. brunneiceps | Food | I |
P. imbricatus | Food | I |
P. luxiensis | Food | I |
P. maculatus | Food | I |
P. pachycystidiatus | Food | I |
P. rubrosquamosus | Food | I |
P. yunnanensis | Food | II |
Pulveroboletus ravenelii | Poisonous NC | I |
Retiboletus fuscus | Food | IV |
R. griseus | Food | I |
R. kauffmanii | Food | I |
R. nigerrimus | Food | I |
R. ornatipes | Food NC | I |
Rubinoboletus balloui | Food | I |
Rubroboletus sinicus | Food WC | II |
Rugiboletus brunneiporus | Food | I |
R. extremiorientalis | Food | IV |
Strobilomyces confusus | Food NC | I |
S. mirandus | Food NC | I |
S. strobilaceus | Food NC | I |
Suillellus luridus | Food | I |
S. queletii | Poisonous NC | I |
Sutorius eximius | Poisonous NC | I |
S. magnificus | Food WC | IV |
Tylopilus brunneirubens | Food NC | I |
T. nanus | Food NC | I |
T. neofelleus | Poisonous NC | I |
T. otsuensis | Poisonous NC | I |
T. plumbeoviolaceus | Poisonous AM | I |
T. virens | Poisonous AM | I |
Veloporphyrellus velatus | Food NC | I |
Xerocomellus chrysenteron | Food | I |
Zangia olivaceobrunnea | Food | I |
Z. roseola | Food | I |
Boletinellaceae | ||
Phlebopus portentosus | Food | IV |
Gomphidiaceae | ||
Chroogomphus confusus | Food | I |
C. filiformis | Food | I |
C. orientirutilus | Food | I |
Gomphidius roseus | Food | I |
Gyroporaceae | ||
Gyroporus castaneus | Poisonous NC | I |
G. longicystidiatus | Food NC | I |
Rhizopogonaceae | ||
Rhizopogon jiyaozi | Food | I |
Suillaceae | ||
Suillus cavipes | Food | I |
S. granulatus | Food | II |
S. grevillei | Food | II |
S. luteus | Food | II |
S. pictus | Food NC | I |
S. pinetorum | Food | III |
S. sibiricus | Food | I |
Sclerodermataceae | ||
Pisolithus arhizus | Medicine NC | I |
Scleroderma flavidum | Poisonous NC | I |
S. yunnanense | Food | III |
Cantharellales | ||
Cantharellaceae | ||
Cantharellus appalachiensis | Food | I |
C. carneoflavus | Food | I |
C. cibarius | Food | IV |
C. cinereus | Food | I |
C. cinnabarinus | Food | III |
C. formosus | Food | IV |
C. hygrophorus | Food | I |
C. infundibuliformis | Food | II |
C. minor | Food | II |
C. odoratus | Food | II |
C. phloginus | Food | I |
C. subalbidus | Food | II |
C. tuberculosporus | Food | I |
C. xanthopus | Food | III |
C. yunnanensis | Food | II |
Craterellus aureus | Food | II |
C. cornucopioides | Food | II |
C. lutescens | Food | II |
C. tubaeformis | Food | III |
Clavulinaceae | ||
Clavulina coralloides | Food | I |
Hydnaceae | ||
Hydnum repandum | Food | II |
Gomphales | ||
Gomphaceae | ||
Gomphus orientalis | Poisonous NC | I |
Phaeoclavulina cyanocephala | Food | II |
Ramaria asiatica | Food | II |
R. botrytoides var. microspora | Food | II |
R. brunneipes | Food | I |
R. cyanocephala | Food | I |
R. distinctissima | Food | II |
R. eryuanensis | Food | III |
R. fennica | Food | II |
R. formosa | Poisonous NC | I |
R. hemirubella | Food | IV |
R. hilaris | Food | II |
R. indoyunnaniana | Food | III |
R. laeviformosoides | Food | I |
R. linearioides | Food | I |
R. linearis | Food NC | I |
R. mairei | Food | III |
R. nanispora | Food NC | I |
R. neoformosa var. sinensis | Food | II |
R. rubriattenuipes | Food | II |
R. rubricarnata var. laeta | Food | I |
R. sanguinipes | Food | II |
R. sinoconjunctipes | Food | I |
R. zebrispora | Food | I |
Turbinellus floccosus | Poisonous NC | II |
T. fujisanensis | Poisonous NC | I |
Polyporales | ||
Ganodermataceae | ||
Amauroderma rugosum | Medicine | I |
Ganoderma applanatum | Medicine | II |
G. cochlear | Medicine | III |
G. lingzhi | Medicine | IV |
G. lucidum | Medicine | II |
G. mutabile | Medicine | I |
G. sinense | Medicine | I |
Meripilaceae | ||
Meripilus giganteus | Food | I |
Meruliaceae | ||
Irpex lacteus | Food | I |
Polyporaceae | ||
Cryptoporus sinensis | Medicine | I |
Grifola frondosa | Food | I |
Lentinus sajor-caju | Food | I |
L. squarrosulus | Food | I |
L. tuber-regium | Food | I |
Wolfiporia cocos | Medicine | I |
Sparassidaceae | ||
Sparassis latifolia | Food | I |
S. subalpina | Food NC | I |
Russulales | ||
Albatrellaceae | ||
Albatrellus confluens | Food | II |
A. ellisii | Food | IV |
A. flettii | Food | I |
A. fumosus | Food | I |
A. ovinus | Food | I |
A. skamanius | Food | I |
A. yunnanensis | Food | I |
Neoalbatrellus yasudae | Food | I |
Polypus dispansus | Food NC | III |
Scutiger pes-caprae | Food | I |
Hericiaceae | ||
Hericium alpestre | Food | I |
H. coralloides | Food | I |
H. erinaceus | Food | I |
Russulaceae | ||
Lactarius chichuensis | Food | I |
L. cinnamomeus | Food | II |
L. deliciosus | Food | IV |
L. echinatus | Food | II |
L. gerardii | Food | I |
L. hatsudake | Food | IV |
L. hengduanensis | Food | II |
L. piperatus | Food WC | I |
L. pseudohatsudake | Food | II |
L. vividus | Food | III |
L. zonarius | Food | I |
Lactifluus hygrophoroides | Food | III |
L. volemus | Food | IV |
L. subpiperatus | Food | I |
L. subpruinosus | Food | I |
L. tenuicystidiatus | Food | I |
L. tropicosinicus | Food | I |
Russula atroaeruginea | Food | II |
R. aurata | Food | I |
R. brunneoviolacea | Food | I |
R. compacta | Food | III |
R. cyanoxantha | Food | III |
R. densifolia | Food | I |
R. griseocarnosa | Food & Medicine | IV |
R. laurocerasi | Food | II |
R. lepida | Food | I |
R. melliolens | Food | I |
R. nigricans | Food | I |
R. ochroleuca | Food | I |
R. sanguinea | Poisonous NC | I |
R. virescens | Food | IV |
R. viridirubrolimbata | Food | II |
Thelephorales | ||
Bankeraceae | ||
Boletopsis grisea | Food | III |
Hydnellum cumulatum | Food | II |
Sarcodon amarescens | Food | I |
S. excentricus | Food | I |
S. imbricatus | Food | IV |
S. scabrosus | Food | II |
S. squamosus | Food | II |
Thelephoraceae | ||
Polyozellus multiplex | Food | I |
Thelephora ganbajun | Food | IV |
T. japonica | Food | I |
T. palmata | Food | I |
T. vialis | Food | II |
T. aurantiotincta | Food | I |
Tremellales | ||
Tremellaceae | ||
Naematelia aurantialba | Food & Medicine | I |
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yu, F., Guerin-Laguette, A., Wang, Y. (2020). Edible Mushrooms and Their Cultural Importance in Yunnan, China. In: Pérez-Moreno, J., Guerin-Laguette, A., Flores Arzú, R., Yu, FQ. (eds) Mushrooms, Humans and Nature in a Changing World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37378-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37378-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-37377-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-37378-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)