An Overview of the Plant Diversity of Azerbaijan

Ibadullayeva, Sayyara J.; Huseynova, Irada M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59928-7_17

Sayyara J. Ibadullayeva⁴ &
Irada M. Huseynova⁵

431 Accesses
2 Citations

Abstract

Azerbaijan is an Eurasian country in the Caucasian region, located in the Caspian Sea basin at the intersection of Europe and Central Asia in the South Caucasus, with an area of 86.600 km²; 11.5% being forests, 1.6% water basin, 50% cultivated lands, including 27% pastures, and 36.9% farms. Nearly 5.000 taxa (including cultivated flora) have been recorded in the “Flora of Azerbaijan” in 2016. The information on the state of rare species has been pooled up. Almost 20% of the flora needs protection, 140 being severely threatened; these include 5 categories: (1) belavers are endangered, 22 species; (2) rare species in smaller areas, 65 species; (3) gradually shrinking own area species, 45 species; (4) rarely species with little knowledge about them, 18. Rare species restored as a result of additional plantings kept in naturally (five species). Some species (16 species) can be assigned to several categories. Rare plants are more in Talysh and Nakhchivan: 35–40 species in the Greater and Lesser Caucasus regions, 16 species in Absheron and over 14 in the Kur-Araz lowland. Currently 800 taxa in the Flora of Azerbaijan need protection.

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Authors and Affiliations

Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
Sayyara J. Ibadullayeva
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
Irada M. Huseynova

Authors

Sayyara J. Ibadullayeva
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Irada M. Huseynova
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Department of Botany & Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
Münir Öztürk
Biology Department, Faculty of Science & Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
Volkan Altay
Department of Geography, Balikesir University, Istanbul, Balikesir, Turkey
Recep Efe

Appendices

17.1.1 Appendix 17.1: Caucasus and Near-Border Terrestrial Endemics of Azerbaijan

No	Family – Taxa	Distribution in Azerbaijan and ecology of biotope	Geographical type
	Alliaceae
1	Allium dictyoprasum	2, 4, 5 – Stony-rocky areas	Atropatan
2	A. egorovae	5 – Motley grass	Atropatan
3	A. kunthianum	1–3, 5 – Mountain meadow, rocks	Caucasus
4	A. lenkoranicum	4 – Stony slopes	Hirkan
5	A. leucanthum	1–5 – Dry slopes	East Mediterranean Sea
6	A. mariae	2, 5 – Dry, rocky places	Atropatan
7	A. materculae	5 – Sandy-clay slopes	Atropatan
8	A. saxatile	1 – Dry grassy slopes	Caucasus – Lesser Asia
9	A. szovitsii	1, 2, 5 – High mountain meadow and steppey	Caucasus – Lesser Asia
	Amaryllidaceae
10	Sternbergia alexandrae	1, 3 – Dry slopes	Albania
	Anacardiaceae
11	Pistacia mutica	1–3, 5 – Dry slopes	Medit. Sea – Iran
	Apiaceae
12	Angelica sachokiana	1 – Rock cracks	Eastern Caucasus
13	Aphanopleura trachysperma	5 – Clay soils	Atropatan
14	A. zаngelanica	2 – River valley	South Transcauc.
15	Cachrys caspica	1, 3 – Coastal plants	Eastern Caucasus
16	C. microcarpa	1–5 – Arid clay-stony slopes	Caucasus – Lesser Asia
17	Carum komarovii	2 – Subalpine and alpine plant	Caucasus
18	Dorema glabrum	5 – Stone-rocky places	Atropatan
19	Ferula caucasica	1 –dry slopes	Atropatan
20	F. oopoda	5 – Gypsum-stony slopes	Iran – Turan – Caucasus
21	F. szowitsiana	5 – Stone-rocky places	Atropatan
22	Malabaila sulcata	1, 2, 5 – Clay-limestone slopes	Caucasus – Lesser Asia
23	Peucedanum pauciradiatum	2, 5 – Stone-rocky slopes	Atropatan
24	Pimpinella aromatica	1, 2, 5 – Clay-stony slope	Eastern Caucasus
25	P. grossheimii	4 – Stone-rocky slopes	Atropatan
26	Symphyoloma graveolens	1 – Stone mounds	Caucasus
	Aquifoliaceae
27	Ilex hyrcana	2, 4 – In forest	Hirkan
	Araliaceae
28	Hedera pastuchowii	1,4 – Woodlands	Caucasus – Hirkan
	Asparagaceae
29	Asparagus ledebourii	1 – Coastal plants	Albania
	Aspidiaceae
30	Dryopteris caucasica	1, 3, 4 – Woodlands	Caucasus
31	D. raddeana	5 – In shady forests	Hirkan
32	Polystichum kadyrovii	4 – Hirkan forest	Hirkan
	Asteraceae
33	Amberboa nana	1, 3, 5 – Dry gravel, clay soaking soil	Caucasus – Front Asia
34	A. sosnovskyi	3, 5 – Gravel saline places	Atropatan
35	Amblyocarpum inuloides	1, 4 – Places of the forest	Hirkan – Eastern Caucasus
36	Anthemis fruticulosa	1 – Clay-roofed, rocky places	Caucasus
37	Bellis hyrcanica	4 – сoastal phytocenosis	Atropatan
38	Calendula persica	1–4 dry gravel and sowing areas	Caucasus – Front Asia
39	Carduus beckerianus	4 – In the forests	Hirkan
40	C. hystrix	4 – Arid stones-rocky places	Iran – Turan
41	Carthamus oxyacanthus	1–3, 5 – Arid clay places, gardens, and arable land	Iran – Turan
42	Centaurea rhizantha	4, 5 – Stone rocky places	Turan – Caucasus
43	Cirsium aduncum	1, 2, 4, 5 – Gravel, bushes	Turan – Caucasus
44	C. argillosum	1 – Lime livestock plant	Eastern Caucasus
45	C. elodes	1, 2, 4, 5 – Damp places	Turan – Caucasus
46	C. lappaceum	1 – Grassy slopes, mountain meadows	Turan – Caucasus
47	C. macrocephalum	1 – Rocky places, stony slopes	Eastern Caucasus
48	C. rhizocephalum	1–5 – High mountain meadows	Turan – Caucasus
49	C. sorocephalum	4, 5 – Grassy slopes	Iran – Turan
50	C. strigosum	1– Rocks, arid slopes, wormwood	Caucasus
51	C. szovitsii	1–5 – Grassy slopes, riverbanks bushes	Turan – Caucasus
52	Cladochaeta candissima	1 – River valley and coastal sand dunes	Caucasus
53	Cousinia araxena	5 – Stone-rock places	Atropatan
54	C. chlorocephala	5 – Mountain steppe, meadows	Atropatan – Caucasus
55	C. cynaroides	1, 2, 4, 5 – Arid clay-stone slope	Caucasus – Iran – Turan
56	C. erivanensis	5 – Arid slope	Atropatan
57	C. hohenackeri	4 – Arid slope	Atropatan
58	C. iljinii	5 – Gypsum, clay soil	Atropatan
59	C. macrocephala	1, 2, 4, 5 – Arid clay and stone slope	Atropatan
60	C. macroptera	5 – Stone slope, wormwood	Atropatan
61	C. pterocaulos	4 – Arid slope, river valley	Hirkan
62	C. purpurea	5 – Arid rock and stone slope	Atropatan
63	Echinops bipinnatus	4 – Arid places	Atropatan
64	E. opacifolius	5 – Arid stone slope	Atropatan
65	Erigeron talyschensis	4 – Arid slope	Atropatan
66	Garhadiolus papposus	5 – Plain, arid places	Turan – Caucasus
67	Helichrysum araxinum	4, 5 – Arid stone slope	Atropatan
68	H. armenium	2, 4, 5 – Arid gravelly slope	Atropatan
69	H. plicatum	4, 5 – Arid clay, gravelly, and rock slope	Atropatan
70	Heteracia szovitsii	5 – Arid stone, sandy places	Atropatan
71	Hieracium cincinnatum (H. syreistschikovii)	2, 4, 5 – Rock cracks	Atropatan
72	H. macroradium	4 – Forest	Hirkan
73	H. rubrobauhini	2,4 – Bushes	Caucasus – Lesser Asia
74	H. sericicaule	2 – Arid places	Caucasus
75	H. subrubellum	2 – Arid places	Northern Atropatan
76	Jurinea spectabilis (J. grossheimii)	2, 5 – Rock slope	Caucasus
77	Kemulariella rosea	1 – Rock cracks	Eastern Caucasus
78	Lactuca wilhelmsiana	5- forest, bush, juniper woodlands	Caucasus – Iran
79	Onopordum cinereum	1, 4 – Arid mountain slope	Atropatan
80	O. heteracanthum	1–5 – Roadside, sandy beaches	Caucasus – Iran
81	Picris strigosa	2, 4, 5 – Arid clay, stone, rock	Caucasus – Turan
82	Podospermum canum	1–3, 5 – Clay-stone slope	Caucasus – Avropa
83	Psephellus karabaghensis	2 – Forest, mountain meadows	Caucasus – Iran
84	P. zuvandicus	4 – Stone-rock places	Atropatan
85	Pyrethrum komarovii	2, 5 – On the rock	Southern Transcauc.
86	P. meyerianum	1 – Stone places	Albania
87	P. ordubadensie	2, 5 – Rocky places	Southern Transcauc.
88	Senecio grandidentatus	1–5 – Forest and bushes, garden and river valleys	Caucasus – Avrasiya
89	S. kubensis	1 – Rock slope	Caucasus
90	S. lipskyi	5 – Gravelly slope, stone mounds	Atropatan
91	Serratula caucasica	1 – Arid slope	Eastern Caucasus
92	S. coriacea	5 – Arid gravelly slope	Atropatan
93	Stemmacantha pulchra	1, 2, 4 – Stone slope, mounds	Caucasus – Iran
94	Tanacetum leptophyllum	1 – Subalpine meadow	Caucasus
95	Taraxacum desertorum	1, 3–5 – Roadside, arched spaces	Turan – Caucasus
96	Tomanthea spectabilis	5 – Arid gravelly grassy slope	Caucasus – Turan
97	Tragopogon collinus	1, 4 – Coastal sandy	Caucasus – Turan
98	T. coloratus	2, 4, 5 – Arid slope	Caucasus – Turan
99	T. marginatus	5 – Arid places	Atropatan
100	T. nachitschevanicus	5 – Stone-gravelly mounds	Southern Transcauc.
101	T. pusillus	1, 3, 5 – Arid slope	Caucasus – Eurasia
	Betulaceae
102	Alnus barbata	1, 3, 4 – Forest	Hirkan – Evksin
103	A. subcordata	4 – Hirkan forest	Hirkan
	Boraginaceae
104	Echium amoenum	4 – Bushes, meadow	Hirkan
105	Heliotropium szovitsii	2, 5 – Arid slope	Atropatan
106	Nonea alpestris	1 – Meadow and stone places	Eastern Caucasus
107	N. decurrens	4 – Mountain meadows	Atropatan
108	N. flavescens	1–4 – Saline places	Caucasus – Turan
109	Onosma gracilis	5 stone-rock places	Atropatan
110	O. levinii	1 – River valley	Eastern Caucasus
111	Solenanthus brachystemon	4 – Forest	Hirkan
112	Suchtelenia calycina	1, 3 – Arid, clay, saline places	Turan
113	Symphytum peregrinum	2–5 – Bushes	Hirkan
114	Trigonocaryum involucratum	1 – Stone slope	Eastern Caucasus
	Brassicaceae
115	Aethionema edentulum	5 – Arid stone-rock places	Atropatan
116	Cardamine tenera	2, 4 – Riverbank moist places	Hirkan – Evksin
117	Crambe armena	5 – Clay -gypsum soil	Southern Trasncauc.
118	C. gibberosa	1 – Arid slope	Eastern Caucasus
119	Draba incompta	1 – On the rock	Eastern Caucasus
120	D. mollissima	1 – Rock and stone places	Eastern Caucasus
121	Erophila minima	1, 3 – Wormwood phytocenosis	Iran – Turan
122	E. praecox	1, 3, 4 – Wormwood phytocenosis	Iran – Turan
123	Erysimum babadagense	1 – Stone-rock places	Eastern Caucasus
124	Isatis karjaginii	5 – Rock places	Atropatan
125	I. latisiliqua	1, 4, 5 – Arid, clay, stone slope	Eastern Caucasus –Atropatan
126	I. ornithorhynchus	5 – Arid sandy – Stone places	Atropatan
127	Pseudovesicaria digitata	1 – Gravelly slope	Caucasus
128	Raphanus rostratus	4 – Coastal places	Hirkan
129	Sameraria glastifolia	1–3, 5 – Stone-clay soils	Atropatan
130	Sterigmostemum acanthocarpum	5 – Clay – Stone slope	Atropatan
131	Strigosella intermedia	1, 3, 5 – Arid clay-stone places	Turan – Caucasus
132	Moricandia meyeri	2, 4, 5 – Arid clay-gravelly places	Atropatan
	Campanulaceae
133	Asyneuma pulchellum	2, 4, 5 – Phrygana	Turan – Caucasus
134	Campanula armena	2, 4, 5 – Rock cracks	Atropatan
135	C. bayerniana	2, 5 – Alpine	Atropatan
136	C. caucasica	1, 3, 4 – Subalpine meadow	Caucasus
137	C. ciliata	1 – Highland meadow	Caucasus
138	C. kolenatiana	1 – Rock cracks	Eastern Caucasus
139	C. meyeriana	1 – Limestone rock	Eastern Caucasus
140	C. minsteriana	5 – Limestone rock	Southern Transcauc.
141	C. schelkownikowii	2 – Arid slope	Caucasus
142	C. stevenii	1–4 – Arid meadow	Turan – Caucasus
	Caprifoliaceae
143	Lonicera bracteolaris	2, 5 – Stone-rock places	Iran – Turan
	Caryophyllacea
144	Acanthophyllum mucronatum	2, 4, 5 – Stone-gravelly places	Iran – Turan
145	Allochrusa versicolor	5 – Stone-gravelly places	Atropatan
146	Arenaria graminea	4, 5 – Stone–gravelly places	Atropatan
147	Dichodon schischkinii	5 – Highland pastures	Atropatan
148	Cerastium szowitsii	2, 5 – Stone-gravelly places	Atropatan
149	Dianthus cyri	3, 5 – Sandy places	Caucasus – Front Asia
150	D. raddeanus	2, 5 – Meadow	Caucasus – Atropatan
151	D. schemachensis	1 – Clay-stone places	Albania
152	Gypsophila capitata	1, 5 – Arid-claystone	Eastern Caucasus
153	G. lipskyi	2, 5 – On the rock	Atropatan
154	G. szovitsii	2, 3, 5 – Sandy-clay slope	Atropatan
155	Holosteum marginatum	1–3, 5 – Arid stone slope	Iran – Caucasus
156	Lepyrodiclis holosteoides	4, 5 – River coastal	Atropatan – Caucasus
157	Minuartia lineata	2, 4, 5 – On the rock	Atropatan
158	M. sclerantha	1, 3–5 – Stone-sandy places	Iran – Turan
159	Paronychia splendens	4, 5 – Stone-rock places	Caucasus – Front Asia
160	Saponaria cerastoides	4 – Bushes	Hirkan – Evksin
161	S. viscosa	2, 4, 5 – Stone places	Atropatan
162	Silene caucasica	1, 5 – Stone-rock places	Eastern Caucasus
163	S. lacera	1, 2 – Clay slope	Caucasus
164	S. marschallii (S. praestans, S. propinqua)	1, 2, 4, 5 – Arid-stone slope	Atropatan
165	S. meyeri	4, 5 – Rock cracks	Atropatan
166	S. schafta	4 – Forest, rock cracks	Hirkan
167	S. tatjanae	1,5 – Limestone slope	Atropatan
168	S. tenella	4 – Stone slope	Southern Transcauc. – Iran
	Celastraceae
169	Euonymus velutina	2–4 – Forest and bushes	Iran – Turan
	Chenopodiaceae
170	Anabasis eugeniae	5 – Clay soils	Atropatan
171	Anthochlamys polygaloides	4 – Arid–stone slope	Iran – Turan
172	Beta lomatogona	4 – Stone slope	Atropatan
173	B. macrorhiza	1 – Bushes	Caucasus – Atropatan
174	Panderia pilosa	4, 5 – Dumpy places	Caucasus – Front Asia
175	Salsola camphorosma	5 – Stone slope	Atropatan
176	S. nodulosa	1, 3, 5 – Winter pastures	Caucasus
	Corylaceae
177	Carpinus schuschaensis (C. geoktschaica)	1, 2, 4 – Deciduous forests	Hirkan – Eastern Caucasus
	Crassulaceae
178	Sedum lenkoranicum	4 – Forest	Hirkan
179	S. obtusifolium	1, 4 – Rock-gravelly places	Iran – Caucasus
180	S. stevenianum	1 – Gravelly, rock cracks	Caucasus
181	S. subulatum	1, 2, 4, 5 – Stone – Rock slope	Caucasus– Lesser Asia
	Cyperaceae
182	Carex acrifolia	1 – Meadow	Caucasus
183	C. caucasica	1, 2 – Subalpine meadows	Caucasus – Front Asia
184	C. phyllostachys	1, 4 – Shady forest	Caucasus – Hirkan
185	Schoenoplectus grossheimii	4 – Marsh	Hirkan
	Dipsacaceae
186	Cephalaria grossheimii	4 - arable land	Atropatan
187	Scabiosa hyrcanica	4 – Mountain xerophyte plantation	Hirkan
	Euphorbiaceae
188	Andrachne buschiana	5 – Arid-stone slope	Atropatan
189	A. filiformis	5 – Carbonate stone slope	Atropatan
190	Euphorbia azerbajdzhanica	5 – Arid-stone places	Atropatan
191	E. grossheimii	5 – Arid slope	Atropatan
192	E. iberica	1, 2, 3, 5 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus
193	E. ledebourii	2 – Stone – Rock places	Caucasus
194	E. marschalliana	4, 5 – Arid slope	Atropatan
	Fabaceae
195	Albizia julibrissin	4 – Hirkan forest	Hirkan
196	Astragalus achundovii	5 – Arid – Stone place	Atropatan
197	A. argyroides	5 – Arid – Stone place	Atropatan
198	A. aznabjurticus	5 – Limestone rock	Southern Transcaucas.
199	A. barnassari	4 – Damp rocky places	Atropatan
200	A. brachypetalus	2 – Bushes	Turan – Caucasus
201	A. brachytropis	1 – Meadow	Caucasus
202	A. caraganae	4, 5 – Clay-stone places	Atropatan
203	A. caspicus (А. theodorianus)	1–4 – Clay-stone places	Atropatan – Caucasus
204	A. chalilovii	5 – Lime rocks	Atropatan
205	A. cuscutae	1 – Stone-gravelly slope	Albania
206	A. declinatus	2, 5 – Stone-gravelly slope	Atropatan
207	A. denudatus	1 – Stone-gravelly slope	Caucasus – Lesser Asia
208	A. eugenii	1 – Stone-gravelly slope	Eastern Caucasus
209	A. euoplus	2, 5 – Stone-gravelly slope	Atropatan
210	A. finitimus	2, 5 – Stone-gravelly slope	Atropatan
211	A. hohenackeri	4 – Stone-gravelly slope	Atropatan
212	A. humilis ssp. thedodori	1 – Stone-gravelly slope	Albania
213	A. igniarius	1, 3 – Coastal sandy	Eastern Transcaucas.
214	A. kabristanicus	1 – Arid stone slope	Albania
215	A. karabaghensis (A. jucundus)	2, 4, 5 – Stone-clay places	Atropatan
216	A. karjaginii (A. barba-caprina)	5 – Arid stone places	Atropatan
217	A. macrosephalus (A. johannis)	1 – Arid grassy slope	Turan – Caucasus
218	A. macrourus	4 – Arid grassy slope	Atropatan
219	A. megalotropis	4 – Arid – Stone slope	Atropatan
220	A. mesites	2, 5 – Stone-gravelly arid places	Atropatan
221	A. meyeri	2, 4 – Rock places	Atropatan
222	A. montis-aquilis	5 – Lime rock cracks	Atropatan
223	A. multijugus	4 – Clay-gravelly place	Atropatan
224	A. onobrychioides	1 – Arid slope	Eastern Caucasus
225	A. ordubadensis	2, 5 – Limestone places	Atropatan
226	A. persicus	4, 5 – Rock cracks	Atropatan
227	A. podocarpus	4 - arable land	Atropatan
228	A. polyphyllus	1, 5 – Bushes	Albania
229	A. prilipkoanus	2, 5 – Stone-gravelly places	Atropatan
230	A. refractus	4 - stone – Gravelly places	Atropatan
231	A. rostratus	4 – Arid slope	Atropatan
232	A. rzaevii	2 – Clay-stone slope	Atropatan
233	A. sachokianus	1 – Clay-stone slope	Alban
234	A. sanguinolentus	1, 2 – Clay-stone slope	Eastern Caucasus
235	A. schemachensis	1 – Clay-stone slope	Albania
236	A. szоvitsii	5 – Gravelly-stone slope	Atropatan
237	A. theodorii	1 – Clay-stone slope	Eastern Transcaucas.
238	A. torrentum	5 – Stone slope, rock cracks	Atropatan
239	A. xiphidium (A. husseinovii)	1,2, 4 – Arid-stone slope	Eastern Transcaucas.
240	Colutea komarovii	5 – Stone-gravelly slope	Atropatan
241	Medicago caucasica	1–5 – Arid-stone slope	Caucasus – Atropatan
242	M. glutinosa	1, 5 – Clay-stone slope	Caucasus
243	Onobrychis atropatana	2, 5 – Arid-stone slope	Atropatan
244	O. hohenackeriana	2, 4 – Arid-stone slope	Atropatan
245	O. komarovii	1, 2 – Arid-stone slope	Eastern Transcaucas.
246	O. vaginalis	1, 3 – Arid-stone slope	Albania
247	Trifolium echinatum	1–4 – Meadow, damp places	–
248	Vavilovia formosa	1 – Gravelly mounds	Caucasus
249	Vicia ciceroidea	5 – Stone south slope	Atropatan
250	V. hololasia	1, 2 – Among weed plants	Eastern –Mediterranean Sea
251	V. loiseleurii	1, 4 – Snowblow bushes	Caucasus
	Fagaceae
252	Quercus castaneifolia	1, 4 – Forest	Caucasus – Hirkan
253	Q. macranthera	1, 2, 4, 5 – Forest	Caucasus – Lesser Asia
	Gentianaceae
254	Gentianella umbellata	1, 4 – Mountain meadow	Caucasus– Lesser Asia
	Geraniaceae
255	Erodium fumaroides	1 – Meadow	Eastern Caucasus
	Hamamelidaceae
256	Parrotia persica	2, 4 – Deciduous forests	Hirkan
	Hyacinthaceae
257	Bellevalia fominii	1–4 – Clay slope	Atropatan
258	B. longistyla	5 – Stone slope	Atropatan
259	Hyacinthella atropatana	5 – Gravelly slope	Atropatan
260	Muscari caucasicum	1, 2, 4, 5 – Xerophyte, gravelly	Atropatan
261	Ornithogalum schelkovnikovii	5 – Forest-meadows	Atropatan
262	O. sintenisii (=O. esxcarpum = O. sibthorpir = O. schischkinii)	1, 2, 4 – Forest-bushes	Hirkan
263	Scilla caucasica	1, 2, 4, 5 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus – Hirkan
264	S. hohenackeri	3, 4 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus – Hirkan
265	S. mischtschenkoana	5 – Rock cracks	Atropatan
	Iridaceae
266	Crocus caspius	4 – Stone-rock places	Hirkan
267	Iris acutiloba	1, 3 – Sandy-clay places	Eastern Caucasus
268	I. alexeenkoi	2 – Bushes	Caucasus
269	I. atropatana	5 – Stone slope	Atropatan
270	I. grossheimii	5 – Grassy slope	Atropatan
271	I. helena	2, 3, 4, 5 – Wormwood semi-deserts	Turan – Caucasus
272	I. lycotis	5 – Wormwood semi-deserts	Atropatan
273	I. prilipkoana	5 – Mountain meadow	Southern Transcaucas.
274	I. pseudocaucasica	5 – Gravelly slope	Atropatan
	Lamiaceae
275	Betonica nivea	1 – On the rock	Caucasus
276	Dracocephalum botryoides	1, 5 – Stone-rock places	Eastern Caucasus
277	Lamium hyrcanicum	4 – Hirkan forest	Hirkan
278	L. transcacucasicum	5 – Rock shadow	Atropatan
279	Marrubium parviflorum	2, 4, 5 – Stone-rock places	Atropatan
280	M. propinquum	2, 3, 4 – Clay-stone places	Atropatan
281	Nepeta betonicifolia	4, 5 – Gravelly-stone slope	Atropatan
282	N. cyanea	1, 5 – Stone mounds	Eastern Caucasus
283	N. stricifolia	5 – Stone slope, mountain meadow	Southern Transcaucas.
284	N. supina	1 – Alpine rock	Caucasus
285	Salvia limbata	2, 4, 5 – Stone-rock places	Atropatan
286	S. nachiczevanica	5 – River valley	Atropatan
287	S. transcaucasica	5 – Meadow and grassy slope	Atropatan
288	S. verbascifolia	2 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus– Lesser Asia
289	Satureja intermedia	4 – Gravelly-stone slope	Atropatan
290	Scutellaria oreophila	1 – Mountain meadow	Caucasus
291	Stachys persica	4 – Forest and bushes	Hirkan
292	S. setifera	4, 5 – River valley	Caucasus – Front Asia
293	Thymus fedtschenkoi	2 –lime rock	Northern Atropatan
294	T. hadzhievii	1 – Stone place	Eastern Transcaucas.
295	T. karamarjanicus	1, 3 – Stone place	Eastern Caucasus
296	T. kjapazi	2 –lime rock	Northern Atropatan
297	T. trautvetteri	4 – Gravelly rock	Atropatan
298	Ziziphora serpyllacea	1, 2 – Arid-stone slope	Caucasus – Front Asia
	Liliaceae
299	Fritillaria grandiflora (F. kotschyana)	4 – On the rock places in forest	Atropatan
300	Gagea alexeenkoana	1, 2, 4, 5 – Arid-clay slope	Caucasus
301	Lilium ledebourii	4 – Forest thickets	Hirkan
302	Tulipa eichleri	1, 3, 5 – Grassy slope	Caucasus
	Linaceae
303	Linum subbiflorum	5 – Alpine meadows	Atropatan
	Malvaceae
304	Alcea kusariensis	1 – Bushes, forest glade	Albania
	Melanthiaceae
305	Merendera candidissima	4 – Arid slope	Atropatan
306	M. eichleri	1 – Arid-clay slope	Albania
	Oleaceae
307	Fraxinus coriariifolia	1, 4 – Forest	Eastern Mediterranean
	Orchidaceae
308	Cephalanthera caucasica	1, 2, 4	Caucasus – Hirkan
309	Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. baumgartneriana	1 – Mountain meadow	Caucasus
	Orobanchaceae
310	Cistanche flava	3 – Sandy places	Eastern Transcaucas.
	Paeoniaceae
311	Paeonia tomentosa	4 – Forest glade-bushes	Hirkan
	Papaveraceae
312	Papaver schelkownikowii	1–3 – Arid slope, wormwood semi-desert	Eastern Transcaucas.
	Pinaceae
313	Pinus eldarica	2 – Stone-rock places	Caucasus
	Plumbaginaceae
314	Acantholimon fominii	1, 2 – Clay-stone slope	Eastern Caucasus
315	A. tenuiflorum	1, 2 – Arid, clay, gravelly slope	Northern Atropatan
	Poaceae
316	Achnatherum ordubadense	5 – Rock cracks
317	Aegilops strangulata	1–5 –grassy arid places	Turan – Caucasus
318	Avena bruhnsiana	1 – Coastal sandy	Turan – Caucasus
319	Bromopsis aristata	1 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus
320	B. nachiczevanika	4, 5 – Stone slope	Atropatan
321	B. woronowii	4, 5 – Stone – Gravelly slope	Caucasus – Front Asia
322	Rostraria cristata ssp. glabriflora	4 – Stone slope	Eastern Mediterranean Sea – Iran – Turan
323	R. cristata ssp. subcapitata	3 – Sea coastal sandy	Eastern Transcaucas.
324	Stipa transcaucasica	4, 5 – Stone-rock places	Atropatan
	Polygalaceae
325	Polygala hohenackeriana	1, 3, 5 – Arid clay-stone places	Iran – Turan
	Ranunculaceaes
326	Anemone kuznetzowii	2 – Arid slope	Northern Atropatan
327	Delphinium foetidum	2, 5 – Stone mounds	Atropatan
328	D. nachiczevanicum	5 – Stone slope	Atropatan
329	D. szowitsianum	2, 4, 5 – Bushes, rock	Atropatan
330	D. talyschense	3–5 – Grassy slope	Atropatan
331	D. tomentellum	1 – Forest glade	Eastern Caucasus
332	Pulsatilla albana	1 – Alpine meadow	Caucasus
333	Ranunculus crassifolius	3, 4 – Damp places	Caucasus Mediterranean Sea
	Rosaceae
334	Alchemilla raddeana	2, 5 – Rock places	Northern Atropatan
335	Cotoneaster meyeri	1, 2, 4 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus
336	C. morulus	1 –forest and bushes	Caucasus
337	C. saxatilis	1,2,5–bushes, stone places	Southern Transcaucas.
338	Crataegus eriantha	1, 2 – Bushes, stone places	Atropatan
339	C. szovitsii	2, 5 – Bushes, stone places	Atropatan
340	Pyrus acutiserrata	5 – Forest and bushes	Southern Transcaucas.
341	P. eldarica	3 – Juniperus-arid slope	İberiya
342	P. grossheimii	4 – Mountains deciduous forests	Hirkan – Southern Transcaucas.
343	P. hyrcana	4 – Forest glade	Hirkan – Southern Transcaucas.
344	P. medvedevii	5 – Rock places	Southern Transcaucas.
345	P. vsevolodi	1 – Deciduous forests	Eastern Caucasus
346	Sorbus caucasica	1, 2, 4 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus
347	S. shemachensis	1 – Limestone rock and bushes	Eastern Transcaucas.
348	Rosa alexeenkoi	1 – Forest glade	Eastern Caucasus
349	R. azerbaijanica	1, 2, 4, 5 – Stone slope	Northern Atropatan
350	R. gadzhieviii	2 – Deciduous forests	Caucasus
351	R. glanduloso-setosa	4 - deciduous forests	Caucasus
352	R. iljinii	1 –bushes	Eastern Caucasus
353	R. karjagini	5 – Gravelly-stone slope	Atropatan
354	R. komarovii	1, 2 – Stone mountain slope	Eastern Caucasus
355	R. nizami	2, 5 – Mountain forest	Caucasus
356	R. prilipkoana	1, 2, 4 – River coastal	Caucasus – Hirkan
357	R. sachokiana	1. 2, 5 – Between the bushes	Caucasus – Iran
358	R. sosnovskyi	1 – Hooked jungle	Eastern Transcaucas.
359	Rubus persicus	4 – Forest and bushes	Hirkan
360	R. raddeanus	4 –bushes	Hirkan
	Rubiaceae
361	Crucianella chlorostachys	2, 3, 5 – Arid stone slope	Turan – Caucasus
362	C. exasperata	4, 5 – Arid stone slope	Atropatan
363	C. suaveolens	4, 5 – Arid stone slope	Atropatan
364	Galium apsheronicum	1 – Coastal sandy	East Transcaucas.
365	G. brachyphyllum	1 – Rock cracks	Caucasus
366	G. czerepanovii	5 – Rock cracks	Atropatan
367	G. eldaricum	1 – Stone-gravelly slope	Eastern Transcaucas.
368	G. hyrcanicum	2, 4, 5 – Stone-gravelly slope	Hirkan – South Transcaucas.
369	Karamyschewia hedyotoides	1, 3, 4 – Dump places	Iran – Turan
370	Neogaillonia szowitzii	2, 5 – Arid slope	Atropatan
371	Rubia rigidifolia	5 – Stone slope	Southern Transcaucas.
	Rutaceae
372	Haplophyllum kowalenskyi	5 – Sandy – Stone places	Atropatan
373	H. schelkovnikovii	5 – Clay slope	Atropatan
374	H. villosum	1–5 – Arid stone and bushes	Caucasus – Front Asia
	Salicaceae
375	Populus hyrcana	4 – River valley	Hirkan – Evksin
376	Salix caucasica	1 – Dump places	Caucasus
377	S. kuznetzowii	1 –dump places	Caucasus
	Santalaceae
378	Thesiun procumbens	1, 2, 4 – Clay slope	Turan – Caucasus
379	T. szowitsii	1–3, 5 – Stone – Clay slope	Atropatan
	Saxifragaceae
380	Saxifraga pseudolaevis	1 – On the rock	Eastern Caucasus
	Scrophulariaceae
381	Digitalis nervosa	1, 2, 4 – Forest	Caucasus – Hirkan
382	Linaria schirvanica	1, 3 – Clay-soil slope	Albania
383	L. zangezura	2, 5 – Bushes	Atropatan
384	Melampyrum chlorostachyum	2, 5 – Rock cracks	Caucasus
385	Scrophularia atropatana	5 – River valley	Atropatan
386	S. grosseimii	1, 2, 4, 5 – Stone-rock places	Atropatan
387	S. thesioides	5 – Arid slope	Atropatan
388	S. variegata	1, 2, 4, 5 – Stone-rock places	Caucasus – Front Asia
389	S. zuvandica	4 – Rock cracks	Hirkan
390	Verbascum paniculatum	5 – Arid, stone slope	Atropatan
391	V. stachydiforme	4 – Between weeds	Hirkan
392	V. szovitsianum	2, 5 – Stone-rock places	Atropatan
393	Veronica crista-galli	1, 2, 4 – Forest and bushes	Caucasus – Hirkan
394	V. minuta	1, 2 – Rock cracks	Caucasus
395	V. peduncularis	1, 2 – Forest and bushes	Evksin – Caucasus
396	V. petraea	1 – On the rock	Eastern Caucasus
	Solanaceae
397	Solanum kieseritzkii	4 – Shadow forest	Hirkan
	Valerianaceae
398	Valeriana cardamines	1 – Forest, bushes, subalpine meadows	Caucasus
399	Valerianella amblyotis	1, 4, 5 –limestone slope	Caucasus
400	V. corniculata	1, 3 – Clay-stone places	Eastern Transcaucas.
401	V. cymbocarpa	4, 5 – Clay-stone places	Caucasus– Iran – Turan
402	V. oxyrrhyncha	4, 5 – Clay-stone places	Turan – Caucasus
403	V. plagiostephana	4, 5 – Clay-stone places	Atropatan
404	V. sclerocarpa	1, 2, 4, 5 – Clay-stone places	Turan – Caucasus
	Violaceae
405	Viola caucasica	1, 2 – Rock cracks	Caucasus

Note: (1) Great Caucasus, (2) Lesser Caucasus, (3) Kur-Araz plain, (4) Talysh, (5) Nakhchivan

17.1.2 Appendix 17.2: Taxonomic Content of Rare and Endangered Endemic in Azerbaijan

Family	Genus	Species
Alliaceae	Allium	A. akaka, A. dictyoprasum (A. viride), A. egorovae, A. kunthianum, A. lenkoranicum, A. leonidis, A. leucanthum, A. mariae, A. materculae, A. saxatile, A. szovitsii, A. talyschеnsе, A. ursinum, A. wоrоnоwii
Anacardiaceae	Pistacia	P. mutica
Anacardiaceae	Rhus	R. cоriaria
Apiaceae	Angelica	A. sachokiana
	Astrantia	A. maxima
	Carum	C. caucasicum
	Pimpinella	P. aromatica, P. grossheimii
	Bupleurum	B. wittamannii
	Ferula	F. caspica
Amaryllidaceae	Sternbergia	S. fischeriana
Amaryllidaceae	Galanthus	G. caucasicus
Asparagaceae	Asparagus	A. ledebourii, A. persicus
Asteraceae	Calendula	C. persica
	Carthamus	C. oxyacanthus
	Lactuca	L. wilhelmsiana
	Cousinia	C. hohenackeri, C. orientalis
	Jurinella	J. subacaulis
	Pyrethrum	P. komarovii, P. carneum, P. coccineum
	Telekia	T. speciosa
	Tragopogon	T. karjaginii
Aceraceae	Acer	A. trautvtteri
Brassicaceae	Raphanus	R. rostratus
	Arabis	A. gerardii
	Dichasianthus	D. eldarica
Boraginaceae	Buglossoides	B. tenuiflora
Campanulaceae	Asyneuma	A. campanuloides
Caryophyllaceae	Gypsophila	G. muralis, G. robusta
	Dianthus	D. capitatus
	Paronychia	P. azerbaijanica
Celtidaceae	Celtis	C. caucasica
Chenopodiaceae	Beta	Beta lomatogona, B. macrorhiza
	Atriplex	A. cana
	Camphorosma	C. lessinqi
Cupressaceae	Juniperus	J. foetidissima
Cyperceae	Eriophorum	E. latifolium
Corylaceae	Cоrylus	C. cоlurna
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia	E. ledebourii
Ebenaceae	Diоspyrоs	D. lоtus
Fabaceae	Astragalus	A. achundovii, A. argyroides, A. aznabjurticus, A. alexandri, A. badamliensis, A. bakuensis, A. barnassari, A. biebersteinii, A. brachypetalus, A. brachytropis, A. caraganae, A. caspicus (A. theodorianus), A. chalilovii, A. conspicuus, A. cuscutae, A. declinatus, A. denudatus, A. dzhebrailicus, A. schuschensis, A. eugenii, A. euoplus, A. finitimus, A. glochideus, A. hohenackeri, A. humilis, A. igniarius, A. kabristanicus, A. karabaghensis (A. jucundus), A. karakuschensis, A. karjaginii (A. barba-caprina), A. kazbeki, A. kubensis, A. lunatus, A. macrosephalus (A. johannis), A. macrourus (A. schachbuzensis), A. maraziensis, A. megalotropis, A. mesites, A. meyeri, A. montis-aquilis, A. multijugus (A. ornithopodioides), A. nachitschevanicus, A. neoalbanicus, A. onobrychioides, A. ordubadensis, A. oreades, A. paradoxus, A. persicus, A. podocarpus, A. polyphyllus, A. prilipkoanus, A. refractus, A. rostratus, A. rzaevii, A. sachokianus, A. sanguinolentus, A. schemachensis, A. szovitsii, A. theodorii, A. torrentum, A. xiphidium (A. husseinovii), A. zangelanus, A. zuvanticus, A. dzhebrailicus, A. gjunaicus
	Lathyrus	L. atropatanus (Orobus atropatanus)
	Medicago	M. caucasica, M. glutinosa
	Onobrychis	O. atropatana, O. biebersteinii, O. iberica, O. heterophylla, O. hohenackeriana, O. komarovii, O. petraea, O. schuschajensis, O. vaginalis
	Securigera	S. hyrcana (Coronilla hyrcana), S. orientalis
	Trifolium	T. biebersteinii, T. caucasicum ssp. topczibashovii, T. echinatum, T. isaevii, T. grossheimii, T. leucanthum (T. sachokianum), T. lenkoranicum
	Vicia	V. ciceroidea, V. hololasia, V. loiseleurii
	Scorpiurus	S. minimus
Fagaceae	Castanea	C. sativa
Fumariaceae	Corydalis	C. alpestris
İridaceae	Iris	I. camillae, I. annae, I. iberica, I. caucasica, I. pumila, I. alexeenkoi, I. schelkownikowii, I. pseudacorus, I. reticulatum
Juncaceae	Juncus	J. alpinoarticulatus
Liliaceae	Tulipa	T. eichleri, T. biebersteiniana
Liliaceae	Fritillaria	F. caucasica
Lamiaceae	Salvia	S. golneviana, S. limbata (S. prilipkoana, S. fominii), S. reuteriana (S. nachiczevanica), S. suffruticosa (S. alexandri), S. transcaucasica, S. verbascifolia, S. karabachensi, S. vergeduzica
Lamiaceae	Thymus	T. fedtschenkoi, T. hadzhievii, T. karamarjanicus, T. karjaginii, T. kjapazi, T. migricus, T. trautvetteri
Malvaceae	Alcea	A. hyrcana, A. kusariansis, A. lenkoranica, A. sachsachanica
Moraceae	Ficus	F. hyrcana
Papaveraceae	Papaver	P. schelkownikowii, P. talyschense
Poaceae	Aegilops	A. strangulata
	Avena	A. bruhnsiana, A.ventricosa
	Dactylis	D. hyrcana
	Elytrigia	E. attenuatiglumis (Agropyron divaricatum), E. heidemaniae
Punicaceae	Punica	P. granatum
Plumbaginaceae = Limoniaceae	Acantholimon	A. fominii, A. tenuiflorum
Hemerocallidaceae	Hemerocallis	H. fulva
Hyacinthaceae	Scilla	S. caucasica
Orchidaceae	Himantoglossum	H. formosum
Rosaceae	Corallorhiza	C. trifida
	Dactylorhiza	D. flavescens
	Epipactis	E. palustris
	Ophrys	O. caucasica, O. oestrifera, O. purpurea
	Cotoneaster	C. saxatilis
	Crataegus	C. eriantha
	Pyrus	P. acutiserrata, P. boissieriana, P. eldarica, P. grossheimii, P. hyrcana, P. medvedevii, P. salicifolia, P. vsevolodi
	Rosa	R. abutalybovii, R. alexeenkoi, R. azerbaidzhanica, R. gadzhievii, R. glandulosa-setosa, R. iljinii, R. isaevii, R. jaroschenkoi, R. karjagini, R. komarovii, R. mandenovae, R. nizami, R. prilipkoana, R. sachokiana, R. sosnowskyana, R. zakatalensis, R. zuvandica
	Rubus	R. hyrcanus, R. persicus, R. raddeanus
	Sorbus	S. aucuparia
	Padus	P. avium
	Pyracantha	P. coccinea
Celtidaceae	Celtis	C. caucasica
Solanaceae	Solanum	S. kieseritzkii
Solanaceae	Atropa	A. caucasica
Scrophulariaceae	Veronica	V. arceuthobia
	Verbascum	V. phoeniceum
	Leptorhabdos	L. parviflora
	Linaria	L. schivanica, L. zangeaura
Staplyleaceae	Staphylea	S. colchica
Taxaceae	Taxus	T. baccata
Valeriaceae	Valerianella	V. lipskyi
Violaceae	Viola	V. caucasica
Vitaceae	Vitis	V. sylvestris

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Ibadullayeva, S.J., Huseynova, I.M. (2021). An Overview of the Plant Diversity of Azerbaijan. In: Öztürk, M., Altay, V., Efe, R. (eds) Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59928-7_17

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59928-7_17
Published: 25 April 2021
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59928-7
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An Overview of the Plant Diversity of Azerbaijan

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Appendices

17.1.1 Appendix 17.1: Caucasus and Near-Border Terrestrial Endemics of Azerbaijan

17.1.2 Appendix 17.2: Taxonomic Content of Rare and Endangered Endemic in Azerbaijan

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