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Identification, Evaluation and Utilization of Resistance to Insect Pests in Grain Legumes: Advancement and Restrictions

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Genetic Enhancement in Major Food Legumes

Abstract

The 68th session of the UN General Assembly declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses (IYP 2016), emphasizing the nutritional significance of legumes and their potential role for achieving global food security. Even though the IYP ended with enhanced public awareness about the nutritional aspects, other health benefits, and importance of mitigating climate change, and its role in promoting biodiversity, additional studies are required to increase the global production and trade of pulses. Major food legumes including chickpea, pigeonpea, cowpea, field pea, lentil, faba bean, black gram, green gram and Phaseolus beans play a vital role in food, nutritional security and sustainable crop production. Several insect pests damage grain legumes, of which Helicoverpa armigera; Maruca vitrata; Etiella zinckenella; Spodoptera litura and S. exigua; Melanagromyza obtusa; Ophiomyia phaseoli; Aphis craccivora and Bemisia tabaci; Empoasca spp., Megaleurothrips dorsalis and Caliothrips indicus; Mylabris spp.; and Callosobruchus chinensis cause extensive losses. Appreciable progress has been made in formulating screening techniques to evaluate germplasm, mapping populations and genetically modified crops for resistance to insect pests under field and greenhouse conditions. However, some of these techniques cannot be used for stem flies, pod fly, leafhoppers, thrips and aphids. There is a need to develop rearing protocols for such insects to undertake precise phenotyping studies.

The indiscriminate use of insecticides has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance in pests. Identification and utilization of genetic sources of resistance is one of the eco-friendly approaches for the management of insect pests. There is a need to identify lines with diverse mechanisms of resistance and to develop insect resistant cultivars by diversifying the genetic variability utilizing the wild accessions of chickpea, pigeonpea and cowpea, which can be exploited for introgressions to enhance the levels of resistance to pod borers to build host plant resistance as an viable component of pest management in grain legumes for sustainable crop production.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India

    Jagdish Jaba, Suraj Prashad Mishra & Naveen Arora

  2. ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjay Bhandi

  3. University of Agruclture & Horticulural Science, Shivmogga, Karnataka, India

    Sharanabasappa Deshmukh

  4. NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management (CIPM) | North Carolina State University Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Godshen R. Pallipparambil

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  1. Pigeonpea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Kul Bhushan Saxena

  2. Research Program- Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Rachit K. Saxena

  3. Research Program- Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Rajeev K. Varshney

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Jaba, J., Bhandi, S., Deshmukh, S., Pallipparambil, G.R., Mishra, S.P., Arora, N. (2021). Identification, Evaluation and Utilization of Resistance to Insect Pests in Grain Legumes: Advancement and Restrictions. In: Saxena, K.B., Saxena, R.K., Varshney, R.K. (eds) Genetic Enhancement in Major Food Legumes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64500-7_7

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