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Diseases of Vegetables Caused by Phoma spp.

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Phoma: Diversity, Taxonomy, Bioactivities, and Nanotechnology

Abstract

The genus Phoma is one of the dominant groups of fungi that are widely distributed in numerous ecological niches. Up to now, more than 200 species are recognized in Phoma, making it one of the biggest fungal genera. Many of them are phytopathogens of major significance on a wide range of crops worldwide. They cause extremely harmful diseases on vegetables of different families. Phoma terrestris (pink root of onion) (Alliaceae), Phoma apiicola (Phoma crown and root rot of celery), Calophoma complanata (Syn. Phoma complanata) (Phoma canker of parsnip) (Apiaceae), Phoma betae (blackleg of beet) (Amaranthaceae), Plenodomus lingam (Syn. Phoma lingam) (blackleg/Phoma leaf spot/stem canker of beans) (Brassicaceae), P. cucurbitacearum (gummy stem blight, and black rot of cucurbits) (Cucurbitaceae), Peyronellaea pinodella (Syn. Phoma pinodella) (root and foot rot complex and ascochyta blight of peas) (Fabaceae), Boeremia exigua (Syn. Phoma exigua) (Phoma basal rot of lettuce) (Asteraceae), and Remotididymella destructiva (Syn. Phoma destructiva) (Phoma blight/Phoma rot of tomato) (Solanaceae) are known to be the most prevalent species of pathogens on vegetables. While diseases caused by these pathogens are primarily field diseases, a few are known to cause spoilage of vegetables in storage, such as Boeremia exigua var. exigua or foveata (Syn. Phoma exigua var. exigua or var. foveata) (gangrene of potato), Phoma cucurbitacearum (black rot of cucurbits), Phoma apiicola (crown and root rot of celery), Calophoma complanata (Syn. Phoma complanata) (canker of parsnips), and Phoma betae (blackleg of beet). Diseases develop through soil-borne, seed-borne, and aboveground infections. Although a few general reviews on the fungal diseases of different crops are available, no comprehensive review has been compiled on the diseases of vegetables caused by Phoma spp. The information illustrated in the chapter may help improve the basic understanding of the pathological and management aspects of various fields and postharvest diseases of vegetables caused by Phoma spp.

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Abbreviations

AP:

Anilino-pyrimidines

DMI:

Demethylation inhibitors

MBC:

Methyl benzimidazole carbamates

MBI-D:

Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors-dehydratase

PP:

Phenylpyrroles

QoI:

Quinone outside inhibitors

SDHI:

Succinate-dehydrogenase inhibitors

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their deepest appreciation to Prof. Dr. Lindsey J. du Toit and Dr. Carrie Wohleb of Washington State University for sharing the images of the pink root disease of onion. We are also highly indebted to Prof. Dr. Thomas S. Isakeit of Texas A & M University for providing the images of gummy stem blight disease of watermelon transplant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Farjana Sultana

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    Md. Motaher Hossain

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  1. Farjana Sultana
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Correspondence to Md. Motaher Hossain .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

    Mahendra Rai

  2. Department of Plant Protection Institute of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland

    Beata Zimowska

  3. Plant Protection Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    György János Kövics

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Sultana, F., Hossain, M.M. (2022). Diseases of Vegetables Caused by Phoma spp.. In: Rai, M., Zimowska, B., Kövics, G.J. (eds) Phoma: Diversity, Taxonomy, Bioactivities, and Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81218-8_6

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