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Major Plant Diseases Caused by Phoma sensu lato Species and Their Integrated Management Strategies

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Phoma: Diversity, Taxonomy, Bioactivities, and Nanotechnology

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Abstract

Phoma is taxonomically a complex genus, and most species have been reported as pathogens of different organisms, from plants to animals and even human beings. Some of the Phoma species are considered as being the most devastating plant pathogens worldwide. The phytopathogenic species can attack a wide range of plants including crops, ornamentals, and native species from various families. They also inhabit different parts of plants, from leaves to roots. Phoma species induce a range of symptoms, such as leaf and stem spot, leaf blotch, stem blight, stem canker, shoot necrosis, root and crown rot, vascular disorders, fruit ripening, and even pre-emergence seedling damping-off. As cosmopolitan plant pathogens, Phoma species may cause serious yield losses in agriculture and horticulture and are a threat to natural ecosystems. Phoma disease management has always been problematic to plant pathologists. Although some disease management practices, such as the application of resistant cultivars, chemical control, and in some rare cases, the use of biological control agents, have been proposed in the literature, the best control strategy is adopting an integrated disease management approach. In this chapter, the most important diseases caused by Phoma species in economically significant plants are discussed. In each section, the causal agent of each disease, hosts, symptoms, disease development, and management strategies, with an emphasis on non-chemical disease management strategies, are reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Fatemeh Salmaninezhad & Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa

  2. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Santa Olga Maria Cacciola

Authors
  1. Fatemeh Salmaninezhad
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  2. Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa
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  3. Santa Olga Maria Cacciola
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Correspondence to Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

    Mahendra Rai

  2. Department of Plant Protection Institute of Plant Pathology and Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland

    Beata Zimowska

  3. Plant Protection Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    György János Kövics

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Salmaninezhad, F., Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, R., Cacciola, S.O.M. (2022). Major Plant Diseases Caused by Phoma sensu lato Species and Their Integrated Management Strategies. In: Rai, M., Zimowska, B., Kövics, G.J. (eds) Phoma: Diversity, Taxonomy, Bioactivities, and Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81218-8_8

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