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Ophthalmology of Mustelidae: Otters, Ferrets, Skunks, Raccoons, and Relatives

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Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology

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Abstract

The Musteloidea superfamily of carnivoran mammals consists of the families Ailuridae (red pandas), Mustelidae (mustelids: weasels, otters, martens, and badgers), Procyonidae (procyonids: raccoons, coatis, kinkajous, olingos, olinguitos, ringtails, and cacomistles), and Mephitidae (skunks and stink badgers). The Mustelidae family, whose members are collectively known as mustelids, includes terrestrial forms (such as ferrets and skunks), arboreal species (such as martens), burrowing species (such as badgers), semiaquatic species (such as minks), and aquatic species (such as otters) (Burnie and Wilson 2001). The main physical links between all mustelids are shared characters of the skull and teeth, usually short legs and elongated bodies (Fujishiro et al. 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory (LABOCO), Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira

  2. Veterinary Vision, San Carlos, CA, USA

    Katie Freeman

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  1. Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
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Correspondence to Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira .

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  1. Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira

  2. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Bret A. Moore

  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Gil Ben-Shlomo

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Montiani-Ferreira, F., Freeman, K. (2022). Ophthalmology of Mustelidae: Otters, Ferrets, Skunks, Raccoons, and Relatives. In: Montiani-Ferreira, F., Moore, B.A., Ben-Shlomo, G. (eds) Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81273-7_14

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