Deep Insights into the Role of Endophytic Fungi in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Toppo, Prabha; Mathur, Piyush

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95365-2_21

Part of the book series: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation ((ASTI))

Abstract

Fungal endophytes live inside the plants and play a significant role in their fitness and survival under extreme conditions of stress. Due to climatic uncertainties and variability, it has been observed that a number of abiotic stresses hamper plant growth considerably and have become a major concern for scientists all around the world. Abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, temperature as well as heavy metal toxicity are frequently encountered and affect plant health and agricultural crop productivity. Numerous studies have shown the immense potential of endophytic fungi in the modulation of plant responses towards various stresses. Endophytic fungi stimulate plant growth, lower oxidative stress, increase nutrient uptake, and alter levels of various phytohormones in plants grown in stressed conditions. All such changes escalate plant adaptive response and enhance their tolerance capability to withstand stress. Endophytic are also known to augment the accumulation of various osmoprotectants that enable the plant to maintain osmotic balance under various stresses and sustain better growth. Additionally, a number of reports have suggested that these endophytic fungi affect the host plant system at cellular and molecular levels. Endophytic fungi regulate the molecular expression of several genes, transcription factors, and proteins in response to stress. Concomitantly, under stress conditions, endophytic fungi encourage the synthesis of various secondary metabolites that play a crucial role in enhancing plant resistance against abiotic stress. Therefore, endophytic fungi are now considered to act as a dominant player in the development of biostimulants or biofertilizers for sustaining agricultural productivity. The present chapter will delineate the role of endophytic fungal symbioses in abiotic stress tolerance in plants and their associated mechanisms. Moreover, the chapter also entails an account of novel strategies for the application of endophytic fungal inoculants in agricultural fields.

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Abbreviations

ABA:: Abscisic acid
AAO:: Ascorbic acid oxidase
ASA:: Ascorbic acid
APX:: Ascorbate peroxidase
CAT:: Catalase
Cd:: Cadmium
CKs:: Cytokinins
CDKs:: Calcium dependent kinases
DSE:: Dark septate endophyte
Et:: Ethylene
GA:: Gibberellic acid
GR:: Glutathione reductase
GST:: Glutathione-S-transferase
HSPs:: Heat shock proteins
H₂O₂:: Hydrogen peroxide
JA:: Jasmonic acid
IAA:: Indole acetic acid
JA:: Jasmonic acid
MAPK:: Mitogen activated protein kinases
PCs:: Phytochelatins
POD:: Peroxidase
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
RWC:: Relative water content
SA:: Salicylic acid
SOD:: Superoxide dismutase

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Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
Prabha Toppo & Piyush Mathur

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Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
Swarnendu Roy
Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
Piyush Mathur
Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
Arka Pratim Chakraborty
Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
Shyama Prasad Saha

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Toppo, P., Mathur, P. (2022). Deep Insights into the Role of Endophytic Fungi in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. In: Roy, S., Mathur, P., Chakraborty, A.P., Saha, S.P. (eds) Plant Stress: Challenges and Management in the New Decade. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95365-2_21

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