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Agropyron and Psathyrostachys

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

Wheatgrass encompasses five genera, and wildrye species belong to three genera of the tribe Triticeae. These grasses have wide distribution in the temperate regions of the world. Thus, they are highly variable in morphological traits, ecological adaptation, geographic distribution, and genomic constitutions. Consequently, wheatgrass and wildrye grasses possess valuable traits, such as resistance to biotic stresses (diseases and insect pests), tolerance to abiotic stresses (cold, heat, drought, salinity, and toxic minerals, etc.), and nutritional contents (grain proteins). Species of various known genome constitutions (P, St, Ns, E, ESt, StH, StY, StHY, StWY, NsXm, and StHNsXm) in the perennial Triticeae have been successfully crossed with wheat. Some perennial Triticeae grasses were intentionally being used as tertiary genetic resources for wheat improvement via chromosome engineering techniques since 1950s. However, from this review, it is evident that, due to their closer genome relationships with the ABD genomes of wheat, the genomes E and St in the genus Thinopyrum are more likely involved in gene transfers from perennial Triticeae to wheat. Furthermore, linkage drags are limiting the usefulness of many early-day alien gene transfers. With the advent of new molecular techniques to clone targeted desirable functional genes and precision chromosomal manipulation to enhance gene recombination, we may overcome this major problem in utilizing alien genes in wheat breeding. But before that time comes, many tasks need to be done. The preservation and evaluation of the biodiversity in wheatgrass and wildrye species should be an ongoing effort. Molecular research on perennial Triticeae grasses needs to be accelerated to catch up with that on annual cereal crops. New uses of wheatgrasses and wildryes, such as perennial wheat and biofuel crops, should be exploited. The scientific knowledge and tools developed from the fundamental research will benefit both cereal and forage breeding.

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  1. USDA-ARS Forage & Range Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84322-6300, USA

    Richard R.-C. Wang

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  1. Institute of Nutraceutical Research, Clemson University, Jordan Hall 109, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Wang, R.RC. (2011). Agropyron and Psathyrostachys . In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4_2

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